Defines a life-cycle that is tailorable to either commercial or aerospace system developments. The tailorability is accomplished by separately describing the product life-cycle, the acquisition cycles, and the technic...
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Defines a life-cycle that is tailorable to either commercial or aerospace system developments. The tailorability is accomplished by separately describing the product life-cycle, the acquisition cycles, and the technical steps used in performing the systems engineering. In addition, this life-cycle is based on the discovery of issues. The life-cycle described differs from both the waterfall model (Royce, 1970) and the spiral model (Boehm, 1986) in significant ways that make it applicable to the work that occurs on time- and cost-sensitive projects.< >
This paper is concerned with outlining a system theory for the engineering of computer-based systems (ECBS), and deducing policies for ECBS process management from it. We first review the scope and strategic state of ...
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This paper is concerned with outlining a system theory for the engineering of computer-based systems (ECBS), and deducing policies for ECBS process management from it. We first review the scope and strategic state of a discipline of ECBS and motivate the need for an engineering theory. Next, we investigate the nature of conceptual work by emphasizing general modeling theory and concurrent modeling support. Furthermore, we investigate design work by emphasizing general design theory for computer-based systems based on service orientation and reuse-oriented infrastructures.< >
For any computer based system development to be successful, it is necessary that certain information is created and recorded. The ECBS information model described here represents the sum of the information which must ...
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For any computer based system development to be successful, it is necessary that certain information is created and recorded. The ECBS information model described here represents the sum of the information which must be generated and/or collected during the life of any project to develop a computer based system. The basis for selecting the information was to adopt the attitude of a technical auditor in asking the question: "What information would I expect to find recorded in a project's files ?". The paper places this information in the context of a process model used to develop such systems within a project development organisation.< >
Considers the forms of architecture needed for the development of embedded, real-time, distributed multiprocessor systems. The pivotal partitioning role of architecture in relation both to complex development processe...
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Considers the forms of architecture needed for the development of embedded, real-time, distributed multiprocessor systems. The pivotal partitioning role of architecture in relation both to complex development processes and to complex developed products is identified, and it is seen that architectural concepts apply throughout the development lifecycle and at all levels of design detail. The subject is discussed in terms of the approach and notations of the "real-time network". Explicit recognition is given to the shared information, data and memory in a system, and a high degree of traceability across functional definition, design and implementation is achieved. The approach has particular constructs and notations to cope with distributional and temporal effects, and with hardware interactions. It is well matched to current trends in real-time systems technology.< >
This paper attempts to reconcile and extend two information models that have been developed independently to describe information capture in systems engineering activities. An internationally accepted information mode...
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This paper attempts to reconcile and extend two information models that have been developed independently to describe information capture in systems engineering activities. An internationally accepted information model is a major step toward understanding different methodologies in use in different organizations. It can provide a basis for integration of tools that support the several methodologies. The information model describes the static structure of the information used in the systems engineering steps. The information model is structured so that it maps readily to a process model which describes systems engineering behavior: the engineering steps, input and output of the steps, and the sequences, concurrencies, and branches among the steps.< >
Since the mid-1970s, several successful methods have been created for developing embedded computer systems. Most of them concentrate on techniques and tools for individual steps of the development process. Today, the ...
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Since the mid-1970s, several successful methods have been created for developing embedded computer systems. Most of them concentrate on techniques and tools for individual steps of the development process. Today, the success of large projects critically depends not only on the use of good individual techniques and tools, but also on a thorough understanding and successful management of the overall process. This paper outlines such an overall process for developing large embedded systems. The whole process is constructed from predefined recurring patterns that can be reused in various stages of the process. While the individual process steps are taken from existing methods (and are thus well known), the overall process is new.< >
Presents a reference architecture for the control of mechanical systems. The architecture, called the "Joint Architecture", is derived in part from existing real-time control systems and manufacturing system...
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Presents a reference architecture for the control of mechanical systems. The architecture, called the "Joint Architecture", is derived in part from existing real-time control systems and manufacturing systems integration architectures at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Joint Architecture is under development and not yet complete. It is a hierarchical control architecture and focuses on the control of systems for manufacturing discrete parts by machining. A definition of "architecture" has been adopted which includes explicit levels of abstraction, termed "tiers of architectural definition", and five elements of architectural definition: (i) statement of scope and purpose, (ii) domain analyses, (iii) architectural specification, (iv) methodology for architectural development, and (v) conformance criteria. This paper gives an overview of the Joint Architecture and describes its two most abstract tiers.< >
Advances in microprocessor and network technology have led to the proliferation of complex systems with distributed processing and databases, internal communication systems, and heterogeneous components. The processin...
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Advances in microprocessor and network technology have led to the proliferation of complex systems with distributed processing and databases, internal communication systems, and heterogeneous components. The processing components can by themselves comprise a system, or they can be embedded in a physical system such as an automobile aircraft, or medical diagnostic system. Both the encompassing system and the processing system are known as computer-based systems (CBSs). Developing large computer-based systems with complex dynamics and component interdependencies requires analysis of critical end-to-end processing flows to determine feasibility and proper allocation. Currently, no engineering discipline provides the knowledge base for the necessary trade-off studies concerning software, hardware and communication components; a new discipline is needed at the systems engineering level. The paper defines the need for a discipline devoted to engineering of computer based systems, identifies current practice and needed research, and suggests improvements that are achievable today.< >
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