A project is described which is based on past ICAI experience. The system components of a previous prototype were drawn upon and extended into a demonstrator of ATC training using KBS techniques. This system employs s...
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A project is described which is based on past ICAI experience. The system components of a previous prototype were drawn upon and extended into a demonstrator of ATC training using KBS techniques. This system employs simulation facilities for training. The overall aim of this project is to demonstrate the use of knowledge based systems technology in the context of air traffic control training. Specific objectives were: to develop a generic knowledge based instructional framework for ATC training; to address the transition between theory/knowledge and practice/skill in ATC training; to demonstrate the system within a part of the ATC training area; and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the approach.< >
Although ITSs vary considerably, there are three characteristics which distinguish them from traditional computer-based training (CBT) programs: knowledge representation, student modelling and tutorial strategies. The...
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Although ITSs vary considerably, there are three characteristics which distinguish them from traditional computer-based training (CBT) programs: knowledge representation, student modelling and tutorial strategies. These characteristics are described for general ITSs and then for the specific design of Dominie. The Dominie trainer interface design is also discussed.< >
One of the most important features of an intelligent tutoring system is the construction of an accurate model to represent facts known about the student. In order to decide on the kind of tutoring a student should rec...
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One of the most important features of an intelligent tutoring system is the construction of an accurate model to represent facts known about the student. In order to decide on the kind of tutoring a student should receive, knowledge is needed about what the student knows, how he/she learns and possibly some details about his/her personality and general ability. The author identifies a suitable approach for modelling the student in the subject domain-fact finding in information systems analysis work. He presents a discussion about modelling the student and the fact finding process and goes on to discuss the tutor's role. A case for modelling the tutor's activities is presented and a conclusion is drawn by suggesting a way forward for this project.< >
Users of the Unix operating system have misconceptions about Unix commands, make errors in specifying commands, and have incomplete knowledge of the domain. The authors' approach is to infer users' intentions ...
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Users of the Unix operating system have misconceptions about Unix commands, make errors in specifying commands, and have incomplete knowledge of the domain. The authors' approach is to infer users' intentions from the commands that they issue, and use this information to detect their problems. An active chart parser generates all possible parses according to a grammar of typical plans that users follow. The points when the user might need advice are detected from a heuristic analysis of the chart, and the goal that he is attempting to achieve is inferred. This goal is verified against a STRIPS-like model of the user's beliefs about Unix commands, which determines the misconceptions and errors that the user could possess. This model of the user's 'command beliefs' is specific to an individual, and is dynamically altered as the session progresses to account for the user commands.< >
The authors report on the experience gained in the construction of a bubble chamber simulation using the alternate reality kit (ARK). ARK is a graphical animated environment for creating interactive simulations constr...
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The authors report on the experience gained in the construction of a bubble chamber simulation using the alternate reality kit (ARK). ARK is a graphical animated environment for creating interactive simulations constructed in Smalltalk-80 at Xerox PARC. The simulation is set into a motivating scenario-a fantasy game where the students have the goal of discovering a certain type of particle (for use in the spaceship's drive) in order to escape from an alien planet. Playing the role of the ship's physicist, they examine particle collisions and apply reasoning about curvature in magnetic fields, conservation of energy and of momentum, in order to identify the mass and charge of candidate particles. ARK embodies a style of object-oriented programming well suited to the construction of interactive simulations. Further the fundamental characteristic of concrete and changeable physical laws emerges automatically.< >
Zycad have provided high performance tools to the simulation market now for several years. A recent addition to the product range is NextGen II which builds on Zycad's experience in logic and fault simulation to e...
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Zycad have provided high performance tools to the simulation market now for several years. A recent addition to the product range is NextGen II which builds on Zycad's experience in logic and fault simulation to encompass the thorny sphere of Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG). Within this paper the author discusses the growing need for Fault Simulation, particularly its relevance to AQL (Actual Quality Level).< >
Describes a hardware simulation accelerator that has been designed to handle components of extreme complexity (such as microprocessors) as well as incorporating advanced architectures to provide maximum simulation spe...
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Describes a hardware simulation accelerator that has been designed to handle components of extreme complexity (such as microprocessors) as well as incorporating advanced architectures to provide maximum simulation speed for low level primitives (e.g. ASICS). The issue of mixed-level component modelling for system design is considered first, and then the architecture of the accelerator, known as the GigaLOGICIAN is examined in conjunction with the design objectives.< >
One of the most promising, applications of computers in education is the use of simulations in training people to operate, understand or find faults in complex physical systems. There have been some attempts to base t...
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One of the most promising, applications of computers in education is the use of simulations in training people to operate, understand or find faults in complex physical systems. There have been some attempts to base these simulations on qualitative models. However, such qualitative models at a single level of abstraction are inadequate for all but the simplest systems. What is required, for both graphical simulation and natural explanations, is the use of different sorts of abstraction. The most important sort of abstraction is structural abstraction, where modules, viewed as black boxes at one level, may be decomposed and explained at a more detailed level. The author describes the development of a system which allows people to explore a complex physical system on many levels. The most important feature of this system is the explanation facility which was developed following extensive analysis of human explanations and tutorial dialogues.< >
The computational effort required in the application of CAD tools for VLSI design has meant that the use of hardware to reduce the increasingly large CPU times is widespread-indeed the use of hardware accelerators in ...
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The computational effort required in the application of CAD tools for VLSI design has meant that the use of hardware to reduce the increasingly large CPU times is widespread-indeed the use of hardware accelerators in VLSI design to speed-up the compute intensive aspects of CAD has been available now for several years. Many different machines from a large number of vendors can be purchased for tasks including logic/fault simulation, electrical circuit simulation, placement and routing etc. The speed-ups that can be achieved are many orders of magnitude; the range in cost of these machines might be seen to be comparable! This paper will look at the different types of accelerator available and try to place them in their correct context with the emerging software algorithms that also claim useful speed advantages.< >
The increasing complexity of CAD tasks, coupled with the historical inadequacy of conventional computer resources, has led to the production of hardware accelerators for specific aspects of the design process. Recentl...
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The increasing complexity of CAD tasks, coupled with the historical inadequacy of conventional computer resources, has led to the production of hardware accelerators for specific aspects of the design process. Recently, some opinion has questioned the viability of this approach because of the unrelenting increase in performance of general purpose computers, both conventional and parallel multiprocessor. In the context of this debate, this paper considers a specific hardware accelerator for layout built at Manchester University.< >
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