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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Biomathematics"

共 107 条记录，以下是81-90 订阅

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Selection in One- and Two-Locus Systems 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： Thomas Nagylaki

ISBN: (数字)9783642930614

ISBN: (纸本)9783540082477

Most of these notes were presented as part of a two-quarter course on theoretical population genetics at The University of Chicago. Almost all the students were either undergraduates in mathematics or graduate students in the biological sciences. The only prerequisites were calculus and matrices. As is done in these notes, biological background and additional mathematical techniques were covered when they were required. I have included the relevant problems assigned in the course. My aim in these notes is to formulate the various models fairly generally, making the biological assumptions quite explicit, and to perform the analyses relatively rigorously. I hope the choice and treatment of topics will enable the reader to understand and evaluate detailed analyses of specific models and applications in the literature. No attempt has been made to review the literature or to assign credit. Most of the references are to papers directly germane to the subjects and approaches covered here. Frequency of reference is not intended to reflect proportionate contribution. I am very grateful to Professor James F. Crow for helpful comments and to Mrs. Adelaide Jaffe for her excellent typing. I thank the National Science Foundation for its support (Grant No. DEB76-01550).

关键词： Biomedicine general Life Sciences, general Mathematics, general

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Stochastic Methods in Biology 1

引用

丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： Motoo Kimura Gopinath Kallianpur Takeyuki Hida

ISBN: (数字)9783642465994

ISBN: (纸本)9783540176480

The use of probabilistic methods in the biological sciences has been so well established by now that mathematical biology is regarded by many as a distinct dis cipline with its own repertoire of techniques. The purpose of the Workshop on sto chastic methods in biology held at Nagoya University during the week of July 8-12, 1985, was to enable biologists and probabilists from Japan and the U. S. to discuss the latest developments in their respective fields and to exchange ideas on the ap plicability of the more recent developments in stochastic process theory to problems in biology. Eighteen papers were presented at the Workshop and have been grouped under the following headings: I. Population genetics (five papers) II. Measure valued diffusion processes related to population genetics (three papers) III. Neurophysiology (two papers) IV. Fluctuation in living cells (two papers) V. Mathematical methods related to other problems in biology, epidemiology, population dynamics, etc. (six papers) An important feature of the Workshop and one of the reasons for organizing it has been the fact that the theory of stochastic differential equations (SDE's) has found a rich source of new problems in the fields of population genetics and neuro biology. This is especially so for the relatively new and growing area of infinite dimensional, i. e. , measure-valued or distribution-valued SDE's. The papers in II and III and some of the papers in the remaining categories represent these areas.

关键词： Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes Mathematical and Computational Biology Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences

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Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： Catherine A. Macken Alan S. Perelson

ISBN: (数字)9783642933967

ISBN: (纸本)9783540501831

The body contains many cellular systems that require the continuous production of new, fully functional, differentiated cells to replace cells lacking or having limited self-renewal capabilities that die or are damaged during the lifetime of an individual. Such systems include the epidermis, the epithelial lining of the gut, and the blood. For example, erythrocytes (red blood cells) lack nuclei and thus are incapable of self-replication. They have a life span in the circulation of about 120 days. Mature granulocytes, which also lack proliferative capacity, have a much shorter life span - typically 12 hours, though this may be reduced to only two or three hours in times of serious tissue infection. Perhaps a more familiar example is the outermost layer of the skin. This layer is composed of fully mature, dead epidermal cells that must be replaced by the descendants of stem cells lodged in lower layers of the epidermis (cf. Alberts et al. , 1983). In total, to supply the normal steady-state demands of cells, an average human must produce approximately 3. 7 x 1011 cells a day throughout life (Dexter and Spooncer, 1987). Common to each of these cellular systems is a primitive (undifferentiated) stem cell which replenishes cells through the production of offspring, some of which proliferate and gradually differentiate until mature, fully functional cells are produced.

关键词： Mathematical and Computational Biology Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences Immunology Zoology

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Nonlinear Oscillations in Biology and Chemistry 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： Hans G. Othmer

ISBN: (数字)9783642933189

ISBN: (纸本)9783540164814

This volume contains the proceedings of a meeting entitled 'Nonlinear Oscillations in Biology and Chemistry', which was held at the University of Utah May 9-11,1985. The papers fall into four major categories: (i) those that deal with biological problems, particularly problems arising in cell biology, (ii) those that deal with chemical systems, (iii) those that treat problems which arise in neurophysiology, and (iv), those whose primary emphasis is on more general models and the mathematical techniques involved in their analysis. Except for the paper by Auchmuty, all are based on talks given at the meeting. The diversity of papers gives some indication of the scope of the meeting, but the printed word conveys neither the degree of interaction between the participants nor the intellectual sparks generated by that interaction. The meeting was made possible by the financial support of the Department of Mathe matics of the University of Utah. I am indebted to Ms. Toni Bunker of the Department of Mathematics for her very able assistance on all manner of details associated with the organization of the meeting. Finally, a word of thanks to all participants for their con tributions to the success of the meeting, and to the contributors to this volume for their efforts in preparing their manuscripts.

关键词： Applications of Mathematics Life Sciences, general Chemistry/Food Science, general Mathematical and Computational Biology Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics

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Mathematics and the Life Sciences 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： David E. Matthews

ISBN: (数字)9783642930676

ISBN: (纸本)9783540083511

For two weeks in August, 1975 more than 140 mathematicians and other scientists gathered at the Universite de Sherbrooke. The occasion was the 15th Biennial Seminar of the Canadian Mathematical Congress, entitled Mathematics and the Life Sciences. Participants in this inter disciplinary gathering included researchers and graduate students in mathematics, seven different areas of biological science, physics, chemistry and medical science. Geographically, those present came from the United States and the United Kingdom as well as from academic departments and government agencies scattered across Canada. In choosing this particular interdisciplinary topic the programme committee had two chief objectives. These were to promote Canadian research in mathematical problems of the life sciences, and to encourage co-operation and exchanges between mathematical scientists" biologists and medical re searchers. To accomplish these objective the committee assembled a stim ulating programme of lectures and talks. Six principal lecturers each delivered a series of five one-hour lectures in which various aspects of the interaction between mathematics and the life sciences were considered. In addition researchers working in the areas of health, population biology, physiology and development biology and disease processes were invited to give more than 25 hours of complementary talks.

关键词： Mathematical and Computational Biology

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Trees and Hierarchical Structures 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： Andreas Dress Arndt Haeseler

ISBN: (数字)9783662106198

ISBN: (纸本)9783540524533

The "raison d'etre" of hierarchical dustering theory stems from one basic phe nomenon: This is the notorious non-transitivity of similarity relations. In spite of the fact that very often two objects may be quite similar to a third without being that similar to each other, one still wants to dassify objects according to their similarity. This should be achieved by grouping them into a hierarchy of non-overlapping dusters such that any two objects in ~ne duster appear to be more related to each other than they are to objects outside this duster. In everyday life, as well as in essentially every field of scientific investigation, there is an urge to reduce complexity by recognizing and establishing reasonable das sification schemes. Unfortunately, this is counterbalanced by the experience of seemingly unavoidable deadlocks caused by the existence of sequences of objects, each comparatively similar to the next, but the last rather different from the first.

关键词： Mathematical and Computational Biology Plant Sciences Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences

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Temporal-Pattern Learning in Neural Models 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： Carme Torras Genís

ISBN: (数字)9783642515804

ISBN: (纸本)9783540160465

While the ability of animals to learn rhythms is an unquestionable fact, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are still no more than conjectures. This monograph explores the requirements of such mechanisms, reviews those previously proposed and postulates a new one based on a direct electric coding of stimulation frequencies. Experi mental support for the option taken is provided both at the single neuron and neural network levels. More specifically, the material presented divides naturally into four parts: a description of the experimental and theoretical framework where this work becomes meaningful (Chapter 2), a detailed specifica tion of the pacemaker neuron model proposed together with its valida tion through simulation (Chapter 3), an analytic study of the behavior of this model when submitted to rhythmic stimulation (Chapter 4) and a description of the neural network model proposed for learning, together with an analysis of the simulation results obtained when varying seve ral factors related to the connectivity, the intraneuronal parameters, the initial state and the stimulation conditions (Chapter 5). This work was initiated at the Computer and Information Science Depart ment of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and completed at the Institut de c Lber n e t Lca of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona. Computers at the latter place have adopted Catalan as their mother tongue and thus some computer-made figures in this monograph, specially those in Chapter 5, appear labeled in that tongue.

关键词： Applications of Mathematics Algebra Mathematical and Computational Biology

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Analysis of Neural Networks 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： Uwe Heiden

ISBN: (数字)9783642455179

ISBN: (纸本)9783540099666

The purpose of this work is a unified and general treatment of activity in neural networks from a mathematical pOint of view. Possible applications of the theory presented are indica ted throughout the text. However, they are not explored in de tail for two reasons : first, the universal character of n- ral activity in nearly all animals requires some type of a general approach~ secondly, the mathematical perspicuity would suffer if too many experimental details and empirical peculiarities were interspersed among the mathematical investigation. A guide to many applications is supplied by the references concerning a variety of specific issues. Of course the theory does not aim at covering all individual problems. Moreover there are other approaches to neural network theory (see e.g. Poggio-Torre, 1978) based on the different lev els at which the nervous system may be viewed. The theory is a deterministic one reflecting the average be havior of neurons or neuron pools. In this respect the essay is written in the spirit of the work of Cowan, Feldman, and Wilson (see sect. 2.2). The networks are described by systems of nonlinear integral equations. Therefore the paper can also be read as a course in nonlinear system theory. The interpretation of the elements as neurons is not a necessary one. However, for vividness the mathematical results are often expressed in neurophysiological terms, such as excitation, inhibition, membrane potentials, and impulse frequencies. The nonlinearities are essential constituents of the theory.

关键词： Neurosciences Mathematical and Computational Biology

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The Exploitation of Evolving Resources 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： Kevin Stokes Jacqueline M. McGlade Richard Law

ISBN: (数字)9783642483943

ISBN: (纸本)9783540572428

The impact of man on the biosphere is profound. Quite apart from our capacity to destroy natural ecosystems and to drive species to extinction, we mould the evolution of the survivors by the selection pressures we apply to them. This has implications for the continued health of our natural biological resources and for the way in which we seek to optimise yield from those resources. Of these biological resources, fish stocks are particularly important to mankind as a source of protein. On a global basis, fish stocks provide the major source of protein for human consumption from natural ecosystems, amounting to some seventy million tonnes in 1970. Although fisheries management has been extensively developed over the last century, it has not hitherto considered the evolutionary consequences of fishing activity. While this omission may not have been serious in the past, the ever increasing intensity of exploitation and the deteriorating health of fish stocks has generated an urgent need for a better understanding of evolution driven by harvesting and the implications of this for fish stock management. The foundations for this understanding for the most part come from recent developments in evolutionary biology and are not generally available to fisheries scientists. The purpose of this book is to provide this basis in a form that is both accessible and relevant to fisheries biology.

关键词： Applied Ecology Mathematical and Computational Biology Monitoring/Environmental Analysis

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Stochastic Problems in Population Genetics 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in biomathematics

1000年

作者： Takeo Maruyama

ISBN: (数字)9783642930652

ISBN: (纸本)9783540083498

These are" notes based on courses in Theoretical Population Genetics given at the University of Texas at Houston during the winter quarter, 1974, and at the University of Wisconsin during the fall semester, 1976. These notes explore problems of population genetics and evolution involving stochastic processes. Biological models and various mathematical techniques are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the diffusion method and an attempt is made to emphasize the underlying unity of various problems based on the Kolmogorov backward equation. A particular effort was made to make the subject accessible to biology students who are not familiar with stochastic processes. The references are not exhaustive but were chosen to provide a starting point for the reader interested in pursuing the subject further. Acknowledgement I would like to use this opportunity to express my thanks to Drs. J. F. Crow, M. Nei and W. J. Schull for their hospitality during my stays at their universities. I am indebted to Dr. M. Kimura for his continuous encouragement. My thanks also go to the small but resolute groups ***, visitors and colleagues whose enthusiasm was a great source of encouragement. I am especially obliged to Dr. Martin Curie-Cohen and Dr. Crow for reading a large part eX the manuscript and making many valuable comments. Special gratitude is expressed to Miss Sumiko Imamiya for her patience and endurance and for her efficient preparation of the manuscript.

关键词： Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes Mathematics, general

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