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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

共 6935 条记录，以下是341-350 订阅

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Effect of Growing Media Thickness and Model Input Parameters in Green Roof Thermal and Moisture Dynamics 9th

Effect of Growing Media Thickness and Model Input Parameters...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Konkov, Dmitrii Tariku, Fitsum BCIT Bldg Sci Ctr Excellence Burnaby BC V5G 3H2 Canada McCuaig & Associates Engn Burnaby BC V5C 6P9 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783151;9789819783137;9789819783120

This paper investigates the sensitivity of green roof models' results to varying simulation input values. The study is carried out utilizing a green roof model that has been validated using experimental data generated at the BCIT Building Science Centre of Excellence. Simulation results reveal that in the mild climate of Vancouver, green roofs contribute to moderate energy savings in the summer and winter seasons due to their added thermal mass and insulation properties, respectively. In retrofit scenarios, a green roof significantly enhances the energy performance of an uninsulated roof compared to a well-insulated roof. Soil thickness is a critical factor;thicker soil layers demonstrate greater solar energy storage, leading to reduced heat loss and rainwater retention capabilities. Additionally, the study finds that green roofs can retain up to 60% of rainwater, aiding in urban drainage management.

关键词： Energy Modelling Green Roofs Moisture and Energy Transfer Urban Drainage Management

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A Simplified Analysis for Assessing the Response of Mycenaean Tholos Tombs and Similar Monumental Structures with Corbelled Stone Courses 1

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5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Egglezos, Dimitris Tzannidakis, Emmanouil Geoper SA Iraklion Greece Hellenic Open Univ Sch Appl Arts & Sustainable Design Patras Greece

ISBN: (数字)9783031873164

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873188;9783031873164;9783031873157

Mycenaean tholos tombs are distinctive ancient monuments constructed as axisymmetric masonry structures (either dry or bound with weak mud mortar) that achieve self-stability through corbelled stone courses forming their vaulted roofs, later covered by earthen mounds. This study presents a simplified computational approach for geostructural analysis of these monuments to evaluate their structural integrity and inform restoration and protection efforts. The methodology involves two primary steps. First, a 3-D linear finite element analysis is conducted using area shell elements to model the tombs. The discrete nature of the masonry structure and material aging are incorporated by applying a Geological Strength Index (GSI) value, to provide adapted strength and deformation parameters at the microscale. Second, 2-D nonlinear soil-structure interaction staged analyses are performed on vertical and selected horizontal sections. Using the Hoek-Brown failure criterion for stone blocks and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion for the surrounding soil, dry joints, and mortar, these staged analyses interpret observed pathologies and assess response to normative loads. To address differences between 2-D plane strain conditions and the tomb's axisymmetric structure, corrective horizontal stresses derived from either analytical or numerical solutions or 3-D simplified linear analyses are applied to simulate the confining ring effect of the structure.

关键词： Mycenaean Tholos tombs Soil-Structure Interaction Restoration of Monuments Structural engineering Geological Strength Index

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Enhancing the Performance of a Mixed Recycled Aggregate for Unbound Pavement Layers: Preliminary Study 5th

Enhancing the Performance of a Mixed Recycled Aggregate for ...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Vieira, Castorina S. Pereira, Patricia Univ Porto Fac Engn CONSTRUCT R Dr Roberto Frias P-4200465 Porto Portugal Univ Porto Fac Engn R Dr Roberto Frias P-4200465 Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782314;9789819782291;9789819782284

The construction industry contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions as a result of cement production, use of heavy machinery and consumption of large quantity of non-renewable resources. Additionally, the construction industry generates huge amounts of waste. The use of recycled aggregates in road pavements can significantly contribute to more sustainable infrastructures, minimizing the extraction of virgin aggregates and using secondary materials that would otherwise be discharged into the environment with negative impacts. In Portugal, as in most Southern European countries, most of recycled aggregates coming from Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste are mixed or non-selected recycled aggregates, containing concrete and mortars, aggregates, bituminous materials, masonries, among others. These materials are considered as low quality recycled aggregates, due to poor mechanical properties, namely their resistance to fragmentation and to wear, being their use in roadways pavement layers sometimes unfeasible. This paper presents results from a preliminary laboratory study carried out with different mixtures of a recycled aggregate with natural granitic aggregates and focused on the resistance to fragmentation. The behaviour of all the aggregates is also studied, analysing the resistance to fragmentation of different aggregate sizes or fractions. The results show that the performance of the recycled aggregate can be improved, but to comply with the requirements imposed by the Portuguese Road Infrastructures Management Entity, high percentages of natural aggregates with high fragmentation resistance are required.

关键词： Recycled aggregates Unbound pavement layers Resistance to fragmentation

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Deep Learning Approach for Automated Railroad Ballast Condition Evaluation 5th

Deep Learning Approach for Automated Railroad Ballast Condit...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Luo, Jiayi Ding, Kelin Qamhia, Issam I. A. Hart, John M. Tutumluer, Erol Univ Illinois Dept Civil & Environm Engn 205 N Mathews Urbana IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol 405 N Mathews Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782154;9789819782130;9789819782123

Ballast has a significant impact on track performance, and the evaluation of ballast condition is crucial for safe railroad operations. This paper focuses on a Ballast Scanning Vehicle (BSV) recently developed for automating ballast inspection using a deep learning-based, computer vision approach. Traditional evaluation methods, e.g., visual inspection or ballast sampling followed by sieve analysis, are subjective and labor-intensive. Furthermore, ballast samples collected from a single location/depth may not be representative of accurately revealing variations of degradation and ballast condition along the track. In contrast, the BSV employs three image acquisition devices to continuously capture high-quality scans of ballast cut sections, enabling accurate and in-depth evaluation of continuous sections of the track. The deep-learning framework was trained to process acquired ballast scans, generating image-based metrics including percent degraded segments (PDS), fouling index (FI) estimates, and in-service ballast gradations. The accompanying user-friendly graphical interface integrates all data processing algorithms and provides comprehensive visualizations of results. Field data was collected using the BSV, from cut trenches opened using a ballast regulator, along the High Tonnage Loop (HTL) at the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in the U.S. The FI and gradations from the BSV were compared to laboratory sieve analyses and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data. Additional laboratory tests with various fouling conditions were conducted to validate the deep learning algorithms and clarify any differences between sieving results and algorithm estimates possibly attributed to sampling issues. This field deployment demonstrated that the BSV could accurately evaluate ballast conditions close to real time, thus making it a robust system for quantifying ballast degradation.

关键词： Railroad Ballast Fouling Inspection Track vehicle Image segmentation Deep learning

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Blueprints of Resilience: The Design and Modularity of Greek Refugee Settlements Post 1922 1

引用

5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Tsetine, Eirini Chara Democritus Univ Thrace Xanthi 67100 Greece

ISBN: (数字)9783031873164

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873188;9783031873164;9783031873157

After World War I and the Ottoman Empire's dissolution, Greece engaged in the Asia Minor Campaign (1919-1922). Refugee inflow to Greece, already significant before these events, surged dramatically after the Catastrophe of Smyrna in 1922. The compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey, mandated by the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, further necessitated rapid and effective housing solutions. The League of Nations established the Refugee Settlement Commission (RSC) to manage permanent accommodation. Urban refugee settlements were created throughout Greece, introducing new urban planning systems and reshaping the urban landscape. The refugee houses were based on typical plans and mass-produced, either by external contractors or by the refugees themselves. RSC engineers applied a series of building types to provide efficient, scalable, and sustainable solutions, ranging from simple wooden or mudbrick structures to more elaborate dwellings and even apartment blocks. This study delves into the architectural and urban planning strategies employed by the Greek government and international organisations, emphasizing modularity and standardization. Through a detailed analysis of the design frameworks, construction methodologies, and material usage, this paper explores how these principles facilitated the swift creation of functional and cohesive refugee communities. Case studies from key settlement areas (such as Xanthi and Kavala) are presented to illustrate the practical application and outcomes of these strategies. The findings reveal that the emphasis on modular and standardized designs not only expedited the construction process but also laid the foundation for the development of resilient and adaptable urban environments. This research contributes to the broader understanding of emergency urban planning and offers valuable lessons for contemporary refugee housing initiatives.

关键词： Refugee Housing Greek Refugee Settlement Scheme Modularity Standardization Emergency Urban Planning Architectural Conservation

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Green Transition: Are Historical City Centres Residents Excluded? The Case of Venezia 9th

Green Transition: Are Historical City Centres Residents Excl...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Teso, Lorenzo Zardo, Linda Zarrella, Angelo Univ Padua Dept Ind Engn DII Via Venezia 1 I-35121 Padua Italy Univ IUAV Venezia Dept Architecture & Arts I-30123 Venice Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

The promotion of renewable energy in protected cities and heritage buildings is critical for sustainable development. As the world seeks cleaner energy alternatives, the significance of incorporating renewable sources, particularly photovoltaic panels, becomes evident. This transition not only contributes to decarbonization but also addresses the unique challenges faced by residents in historically rich city centres such as Venezia. While renewable energy sources have proven to be instrumental in fostering a sustainable and resilient energy ecosystem, their integration within protected urban areas poses a distinctive set of challenges. This study aims to examine the constraints and opportunities associated with the adoption of renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic panels, in protected environments as the city of Venezia. The analysis unfolds in several phases. Initially, the exploration of the technical and policy constraints that impede the seamless integration of renewables within historical contexts. Subsequently, viable pathways to ensure equitable access to renewable energy are identified including strategies to overcome the barriers that may hinder the adoption of clean energy solutions. An illustrative case study of a residential group in Venezia underscores both the possibilities and challenges associated with integrating photovoltaic panels in protected areas. Energy simulations are used to highlight the energy savings for the group of buildings when renewable energy is used. This work sheds light on the imperative role of renewable energy and the need for targeted efforts to not exclude people living in historical context from energy transition fighting energy poverty in particularly challenging areas.

关键词： Photovoltaics Panels Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) Cultural Heritage Venezia Energy Transition

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Structural Assessment of Existing Bridges by Practical Proof-Loading 4th

Structural Assessment of Existing Bridges by Practical Proof...

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4th FIB International Conference on Concrete Sustainability

作者： Vellema, Sjoerd Vergoossen, Rob Royal HaskoningDHV Groningen Netherlands Royal HaskoningDHV Rotterdam Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783031806742;9783031806728;9783031806711

The road-infrastructure network consists of many structures like bridges, over- and underpasses. Most of them have a concrete superstructure. They are designed with previous standards instead of current codes. Since their design the traffic has changed dramatically which results in more and heavier loads on these structures. When there is doubt if a structure has sufficient resistance against the current loads, a structural assessment is performed. Although the structure already exists, and therefore a lot of information should be available, not everything might be known. The actual (state of the) reinforcement and the dimensions differ from the structural model. Also, the structural model is often simplified too much. Therefore, the actual load distribution is different. In those cases, it is hard to proof that the structural reliability is sufficient, or even when we can proof on paper that the structure is strong enough there can also be doubt by the client or other (internal or external) civil Engineers. For smaller bridges where a ductile failure behaviour, like bending is governing, a simple proof loading can be useful. In the Netherlands a CROW guideline [1] on proof loading of bridges has been drafted. This guideline is based on different structures with different techniques to apply the loads. The paper describes this guideline based on a recent practical example of a proof load on a concrete bridge. With the proof load we were able to demonstrate sufficient structural safety for the bridge. In the future, we want to incorporate this method into the standards for structural assessment of existing structures and expand the method to brittle failure mechanisms such as shear in concrete.

关键词： Bridge Proof Loading Structural assessment

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Mechanical Modelling for Simplified Seismic Analysis of Existing RC Churches and Fragility Curves 5th

Mechanical Modelling for Simplified Seismic Analysis of Exis...

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5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Postiglione, M. Brandonisio, G. Calderoni, B. Sandoli, A. Fabbrocino, G. Univ Naples Federico II Dept Structures Engn & Architecture Piazzale Tecchio 80 I-80125 Naples Italy Univ Molise Dept Biosci & Terr Via Francesco Sanctis I-86100 Campobasso Italy Natl Res Council Secondary Branch LAquila Inst Construct Technol ITC CNR Via Giosue Carducci 32 I-67100 Laquila Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873140;9783031873126;9783031873119

This paper proposes an efficient model for estimating the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) churches and for developing typological fragility curves using a mechanical approach. The study focuses on evaluating the vulnerability of RC church buildings in Naples, using a sample of seven churches with the "Sacri Cuori di Gesu e Maria" Church as the primary case study. This church has been then analyzed in the non-linear filed by means of the software SAP2000. The influence of different modelling hypotheses, e.g., roof's inclined, absence of box-type behavior, has been evaluated. A simplified model based on elastic analysis and limit analysis has been implemented to solve the 2D static scheme and to evaluate the seismic performance of the churches for different code-based Limit States. As a result, an efficient generation of bilinear capacity for the detailed study of a single church is available;it is also useful for the generation of fragility curves. Validation against non-linear SAP2000 results showed that while detailed models offer comprehensive insights, the proposed simplified model effectively captures the essential behavior of the structures and provides reliable seismic vulnerability assessments. The computed fragility curves indicate that the seismic performance of this building' class is medium to high, emphasizing the need of extended analysis aimed at the definition of proper interventions to increase the level of seismic safety. Therefore, the proposed model proves to be a practical tool for large-scale seismic vulnerability evaluations and the rational deployment of risk mitigation resources.

关键词： RC church buildings Fragility curves Finite Element Modelling Mechanical model Non-linear static analysis Seismic performance assessment

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Exploring the Potential Role of AI Tools in Automating Design Validation for Building Code Compliance in Design/Construction 11th

Exploring the Potential Role of AI Tools in Automating Desig...

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11th International Conference of Ar.Tec.

作者： Al-Siah, Hosam Fioravanti, Antonio Sapienza Univ Rome I-00184 Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031718694;9783031718670;9783031718663

The AEC sector is actively requiring innovative solutions to simplify, automate processes, and enhance communication among stakeholders. In the last few years, the rapid development of AI tools has demonstrated their huge potential for revolutionizing used practices, methodologies, and strategies in different construction practices. This research paper explores the possibilities of using chatbots to automate various validation processes within the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Specifically, chatbots can streamline the validation of design plans against building codes, facilitating prompt identification of code compliance issues. By augmenting the efficiency of this validation process, chatbots can enhance collaboration among architects, engineers, and construction professionals, leading to smoother project workflows and improved outcomes. A practical test has been conducted to generate programming codes for assessing the adequacy of building models in compliance with building codes, by analyzing the written text from the building codes using the intelligence of the Chatbots and generating a programming code, particularly crucial during the lengthy redesign process of buildings involving many routine tasks. The potential benefits include higher productivity, shorter project timelines, and fewer errors. However, concerns about data security and reliability are also acknowledged, and the issues related to the development of AI tools and their effects on the reliability of the results are discussed. This research aims to contribute valuable insights into the transformative role of AI tools in the design/construction industry, offering a balanced assessment of their capabilities and potential challenges.

关键词： Construction Industry Collaborative Design AI Tools Chatbots Automation

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Novel Use of Horizontally Directionally Drilled (HDD) Drainage Technology for Landslide Remediation 5th

Novel Use of Horizontally Directionally Drilled (HDD) Draina...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Morrison, Scott Paffard, Andrew Doepel, Luke SMEC Australia Pty Ltd Wollongong NSW Australia SMEC Australia Pty Ltd Parramatta Australia TfNSW Wollongong NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782192;9789819782178;9789819782161

The La Nina weather pattern of 2020-2022 caused many natural disasters including floods and landslides in Australia, and the effects were particularly felt on the eastern coast of Queensland, NSW, and Victoria. Landslides caused impacts to many sites including houses, railway lines, council roads and state government roads. Case studies of two separate landslide remediations using new HDD (Horizontal Directional Drilling) drainage technology are presented. These sites are presented as traditional remediation solutions that would not have been as effective. The issues, unique HDD solutions implemented, and performance of these study sites south of Sydney remediated in 2020 and 2023 are discussed. We believe that these two sites are the first two sites in NSW and perhaps Australia where the use of a HDD drainage system has been implemented for landslide remediation. We believe that this novel HDD system can dramatically increase resilience of infrastructure against landslides for a relatively low cost (both construction cost and maintenance cost). This paper discusses the criteria used to arrive at the use of HDD drains over traditional measures, considerations for their implementation and provides preliminary results of monitoring to support the findings presented.

关键词： Landslide remediation Horizontal directional drainage Groundwater

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