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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

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Moisture Excess in UK Dwellings: Preliminary Analysis 9th

Moisture Excess in UK Dwellings: Preliminary Analysis

引用

9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Ahmed, Jalal Altamirano-Medina, Hector Allinson, David Mawditt, Ian UCL Inst Environm Design & Engn London England Loughborough Univ Sch Architecture Bldg & Civil Engn Bldg Energy Res Grp Loughborough Leics England Four Walls Consultants Bristol Avon England

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783076;9789819783052;9789819783045

Moisture excess represents the indoor humidity load. It is useful for assessing the moisture conditions of a building and as inputs for modelling and simulations. British Standard 5250 presents humidity classes which can be used to derive moisture excess values for dwellings. However, it is unclear how representative these humidity classes are for UK dwellings particularly as they were updated in the 2021 version of the standard. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the levels of moisture excess in UK dwellings and compare them with the humidity classes. The analysis used secondary data from the IDEAL Household Energy Dataset and UK Met Office Integrated Data Archive System to calculate the average and critical levels of moisture excess in bedrooms, bathrooms, and living rooms. Preliminary analysis suggests that the critical levels of moisture excess for bedrooms and living rooms fall mostly within the British Standard 5250 humidity classes for dwellings, although a limited range of outdoor temperatures were analysed. As a sense check, the moisture excess was compared to values from literature. It was found that the average moisture excess was slightly higher than European equivalents generally.

关键词： Indoor Air Humidity Indoor Climate Moisture Excess

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Comprehensive Clash Prevention in BIM Coordination Using a Rule-Based System 20th

Comprehensive Clash Prevention in BIM Coordination Using a R...

引用

20th International Conference on Computing in civil and Building engineering-ICCCBE

作者： Meem, Tabassum Mushtary Doukari, Omar Iordanova, Ivanka Quebec Univ ETS Montreal PQ H3C 1K3 Canada Northumbria Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST Tyne & Wear England

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842108;9783031842085;9783031842078

Achieving efficacy and economy is an ongoing pursuit for the construction industry. However, challenges within Building Information Modeling (BIM) based multidisciplinary coordination and the significant occurrence of clashes within federated models hinder the full potential of this collaborative technology's utilization in BIM-based practices. In the past, clash management strategies predominantly focused on enhancing the technical efficiency of automated clash detection tools. More recently, research in clash management has also delved into the exploration of automated clash resolution methods. However, the facet of clash presentation within the BIM process remains largely overlooked in the existing body of literature. Clash management constitutes a holistic framework encompassing prevention, detection, and resolution. Highlighting the significance of the underexplored prevention component in the current stage of clash management research bears noteworthy importance for the broader field of clash management within the framework of BIM. Analysis revealed a noteworthy connection between clash origins, their solutions, and their primary impact phases within BIM coordination. Significantly, it was determined that most clashes are rooted in the early stages of the BIM coordination process, particularly during the formulation of the BIM coordination strategy and the development of specialized BIM models. Drawing from these insights, a proactive clash prevention strategy was formulated that leverages the expertise of BIM professionals and actively incorporates the industry's 'lessons learned' into the initial phases of BIM coordination. This paper delves into the compilation of "lessons learned" or "industry rules for clash prevention". These insights were validated through consultations with BIM experts and construction practitioners. The dimensions of these rules, their application phases, and the methods of implementation were also identified. Additionally, the develo

关键词： Building Information Modeling Clash management Clash prevention Multidisciplinary coordination

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Investigation of the Microstructural Behaviour of Concretes Subjected to Tailored Preloading for the Long-Term Performance Optimisation 4th

Investigation of the Microstructural Behaviour of Concretes ...

引用

4th FIB International Conference on Concrete Sustainability

作者： Flohr, Alexander Taube, Christopher Osburg, Andrea Morgenthal, Guido Bauhaus Univ Weimar Weimar Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031806742;9783031806728;9783031806711

The time-dependet load-bearing behaviour of concrete is significantly influenced by factors such as composition, production methods, environmental conditions, and load history. Adequate pre-loading of young concrete can enhance its creep behaviour, improve predictability and enable the design of sustainable, material-efficient structures. This study utilises microscopic investigations to examine the microstructure of concrete specimens, with the goal of clarifying the macroscopically observable effects of early preloading on the concrete creep behaviour. Differences between preloaded and non-preloaded concrete specimens are identified and serve as a basis for illuminating the causes of the changes in the mechanical properties. The main emphasis is placed on microstructural densification and increased interlocking of CSH phases. The question to be clarified is whether only time-dependent structural effects are anticipated by the preloading or whether a completely changed structural behaviour is achieved. The observed changes in microstructure provide valuable information for identifying optimal preloading intensities that can enhance long-term mechanical properties without adversely affecting short-term load-bearing behaviour. This study makes a contribution to understand concrete behaviour and guiding the use of preloading techniques for improved structural behaviour and sustainability.

关键词： concrete creeping preloading microstructure performance optimisation

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Application Research of Pile Bottom Detection in Bridge Survey in Karst Areas 2nd

Application Research of Pile Bottom Detection in Bridge Surv...

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2nd International Conference on Geosynthetics and Environmental engineering

作者： Li, Wei Feng, Ming Yue Hebei Prov Commun Planning Design & Res Inst Co L Shijiazhuang 050011 Hebei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819777686;9789819777662;9789819777655

Identifying the distribution of karst is an important task in bridge survey in karst areas of highways. In the past, only a combination of drilling and highdensity electrical methods was used to basically determine the distribution of karst. However, due to the small influence surface of drilling, the accuracy of high-density electrical methods is not high, resulting in low accuracy of survey results. This article uses traditional drilling and high-density electrical survey methods to preliminarily determine the distribution of karst. After the pile foundation construction reaches the elevation of the pile bottom, the method of detecting karst at the pile bottom is combined. This can accurately detect the distribution of karst at the bottom of the pile. Through this method, the stability of the foundation pile after grouting can be ensured, thereby ensuring the safety of operation.

关键词： Karst Pile Bottom Detection Survey

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Dynamic Behaviour of Chinese Xizang-Style Stone-Timber Structures Under Harmonic Excitations 1

引用

5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Cui, Yue Yang, Na Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Civil Engn Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Beijing Jiaotong Univ Beijings Key Lab Struct Wind Engn & Urban Wind En Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9783031873164

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873188;9783031873164;9783031873157

Chinese Xizang-style historic buildings, represented by the Potala Palace architectural complex, are one of the important forms of architectural heritage. Their structures mainly consist of stone masonry walls and timber frames. These are typical stone-timber structures with dual load-bearing systems. The design and construction often lack consideration for lateral horizontal loads, leading to poor overall structural integrity and susceptibility to out-of-plane failure of components. Understanding the behaviour and dynamic response of such historic structures is useful for the evaluating the techniques used for their conservation and rehabilitation. This study focused on typical stone-timber structures in Xizang-style historic buildings. It briefly introduced the structural characteristics and discussed the applicability of the 2D Discrete Element Method (DEM) for modeling these structures. The study specifically analyzes the differences between separated and integral wall modeling, as well as the impact of wall tapering on structural stability. Structural analysis includes stress distribution under self-weight and dynamic response to harmonic excitation. Based on the results, key factors affecting structural stability and potential collapse mechanisms under strong earthquakes were identified, providing a basis for conservation efforts of historic buildings.

关键词： Chinese Xizang-style historic buildings Stone-timber structures DEM Dynamic response Structural analysis

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Study on Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes Under Pure Bending 11th

Study on Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastic P...

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11th International Conference on Coastal and Ocean engineering

作者： Cui, Chengwei Lou, Min Wang, Yangyang Qi, Xiaoliang Guo, Xiaolong China Univ Petr East China Qingdao 266580 Shandong Peoples R China CNOOC Energy Technol & Serv Ltd Tianjin 300451 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819601837;9789819601813;9789819601806

This Study focuses on the bending performance and cross-sectional deformation of reinforced thermoplastic pipes (RTPs) used in offshore oil and gas transmission. Based on the nonlinear cylindrical shell theory, the elliptical deformation of the RTPs' cross-section is parametrically analyzed, the geometric equations for the deformation of the flexible pipe are derived, and the principal structure equations of the flexible pipe are established considering the material nonlinearity and failure criterion of the composite materials. Further, the nonlinear equations of RTPs in equilibrium at any loading moment are established by combining the geometric equations, intrinsic constitutive equations and applying the principle of virtual work, and the equations are solved numerically by Newton's iterative method to complete the establishment of the three-dimensional theoretical analysis model of RTPs under pure bending. The model is validated through mechanical property tests. Buckling stress analysis, failure mode analysis, and stiffness degradation analysis are conducted to investigate the stress distribution, bending failure mechanism. The study identifies five failure modes under pure bending conditions and presents a four-stage degradation process of RTPs' stiffness. It contributes to understanding the behavior of RTPs under pure bending loads and provides insights for improving the design and reliability in offshore applications.

关键词： Reinforced Thermoplastic Pipes Pure Bending Composites Failure Behavior

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Characterization of Fluidized Bed Sands from the Forest Value Chain for Use on Unpaved Roads 5th

Characterization of Fluidized Bed Sands from the Forest Valu...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Martins, Catarina Rodrigues, Daniela Carlos, David Miranda Macedo, Joaquim Pinho-Lopes, Margarida Univ Aveiro RISCO Dept Civil Engn Aveiro Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782314;9789819782291;9789819782284

Unpaved forest roads are commonly used to provide access to forest areas for the operations associated with the exploitation of their products, to prevent and fight forest fires and for leisure activities. The forest value chain incorporates a multitude of diverse industries that generate a range of byproducts as part of their activities. One of these byproducts are fluidized bed sands, produced in the biomass boilers used for energy generation at pulp and paper plants. Heretofore, these byproducts were rejected like a waste and stored in waste landfills. Currently, efforts are ongoing to reuse the fluidized bed sands in unpaved forest roads. This approach promotes circular economy and the use of these byproducts as a valuable resource. Initial findings relating to the potential use of fluidized bed sands for unpaved roads are presented. In particular, geotechnical and chemical properties of these sands are evaluated and compared with the requirements for application as aggregate or infill soil on unpaved roads. The chemical and geotechnical properties of the byproducts tested fulfil the requirements of several guidelines. Therefore, these byproducts have potential to be used to replace natural materials in unpaved forest roads without negative environmental impacts.

关键词： Byproducts Fluidized bed sands Unpaved roads Forest waste

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Greening Intervention Strategies for the Enhancement of Urban Resilience of Public Buildings and Open Spaces 11th

Greening Intervention Strategies for the Enhancement of Urba...

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11th International Conference of Ar.Tec.

作者： Diana, Lorenzo Sciuto, Gaetano Colajanni, Simona Univ Napoli Federico II Naples Italy Univ Catania Catania Italy Univ Palermo Palermo Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031718656;9783031718632;9783031718625

Densely built-up urban areas, such as historic centers or adjacent and peripheral areas, often exhibit a deficiency of public green spaces and poor environmental qualities. Urgent regenerations of these areas are imperative to enhance the overall quality of life for inhabitants. Considering these aspects, this paper documents ongoing research aiming to propose integrated interventions on extensive public buildings or complexes including health facilities, schools, administrative buildings, and public social housing, often occupying entire blocks or extensive portions of urban fabric. Courtyards, cloisters, and nearby open spaces, coupled with substantial roof areas, provide opportunities for large-scale actions to augment permeable surfaces, expand public green spaces, and thereby facilitate adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The research aims to establish a multi-criteria methodology suitable for selecting suitable buildings and open spaces to undergo greening interventions. Following mapping, filing and classification phases, the evaluation of public buildings in this analysis considers typological, constructive, urban, and environmental characteristics to identify their readiness to undergo greening interventions and to define the most effective strategies to increase permeable surfaces, enhance microclimate, optimize botanical and hydraulic behavior, and ensure economic and durable solutions. Furthermore, such interventions, integrated into comprehensive urban regeneration strategies, transform indoor open spaces into public green areas, creating a "network of public greenways" in neighborhoods lacking such spaces. This approach contributes to human and urban health perspectives. Finally, the results of this study aim to provide robust support for decision-makers in defining effective greening interventions, both at building and urban scales.

关键词： Human health Urban green spaces Green building envelope Urban resilience Nature-based solutions (NBSs)

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Thermal Bridging Requirements in the NECB Context: Specifying Wall Clear-Field Transmittances to Compensate for Major Thermal Bridges 9th

Thermal Bridging Requirements in the NECB Context: Specifyin...

引用

9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Gallardo, Andres Macdonald, Iain Knudsen, Heather Natl Res Council Canada Construct Res Ctr Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783076;9789819783052;9789819783045

According to the prescriptive requirements of the 2020 edition of the National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB), each building envelope component is required to achieve a maximum area-weighted effective thermal transmittance (U-t), which includes the impact of major thermal bridges. This approach differs from howother international standards, such as ASHRAE 90.1-2022, regulate thermal bridging, which may cause confusion for building professionals. Thus, this study aims to provide Canadian building professionals with a practical reference for determining the initial clear-field thermal transmittance (U-o) required to comply with NECB 2020 requirements. Using a simulation-based approach, the study identifies the U-o values necessary for wall assemblies to compensate major thermal bridging. Fourteen distinct commercial building archetypes were analyzed, with simulations conducted across each of the Canadian climate zones. Various facade layouts were examined by altering vertical fenestration and door area to gross wall area ratios (FDWR). Additionally, different thermal bridging design options-categorized as "poor," "regular," and "efficient" performance-were evaluated to understand their impact on the required clear-field transmittance. The findings indicate that in the coldest Canadian climate zones, the majority of buildings will have difficulty meeting the envelope prescriptive requirements of the NECB as there are no physical and cost-effective solutions to achieve the required clear-field thermal transmittance values to compensate for thermal bridging.

关键词： Thermal bridge Psi-factor Uprating Clear-field transmittance

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Hygrothermal Assessment of Internally Insulation for Historic Half-Timbered Outer Walls 9th

Hygrothermal Assessment of Internally Insulation for Histori...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Moller, Eva B. Hansen, Ernst Jan De Place Jensen, Nickolaj Feldt Pagoni, Panagiota Peuhkuri, Ruut Tech Univ Denmark DTU Construct Brovej DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark Aalborg Univ BUILD AC AC Meyers Vaenge 15 DK-2450 Copenhagen Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783151;9789819783137;9789819783120

Internal insulation is generally considered a risky solution regarding the risk of moisture-induced damage such as mould growth and wood decay, and this might particularly be problematic for half-timbered buildings due to the extensive use of wooden elements in the walls. These would be particularly exposed in the case of internal insulation. This study investigates the hygrothermal performance and the theoretical risk of mould growth in critical locations in half-timbered walls fitted with internal insulation through 2D-dimensional hygrothermal simulations. Several types of insulation systems were investigated, including diffusion-open and diffusion-tight systems. Moreover, the effect of exterior plaster to reduce rain intrusion was investigated. The results showed potentially critical relative humidity levels at several places inside the half-timbered walls, mainly when using diffusion-tight systems. However, the combination with exterior plaster positively affected the hygrothermal performance. The direction of the wall is important, as wind-driven rain influences the performance more than the possibility of drying out inwards.

关键词： Half-timber diffusion tightness exterior plaster 2D simulation

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