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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

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Tensile Tests at GFRP Rebars 10th

Tensile Tests at GFRP Rebars

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Weber, Andre Caspari, Christian Pahn, Matthias Schoeck Bauteile GmbH Baden Baden Germany Tech Univ Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

Tensile testing seems to be a standard procedure for most engineering processes. There are standards for tensile testing for most materials including GFRP rebars. So it seems to be strange to see research relevance in such an well known and daily performed test. The authors will focus on the diameter influence and possible effects and influences of conclusions from non-perfect tensile tests. There are several questions not yet answered sufficiently. As the modulus of the rebars can be calculated from the amount and the modulus of the fibres with high accuracy, the strength can not be calculated in a similar manner. In addition the diameter seems to have an influence even for the same laminate properties and qualities on the strength. The authors shows in a theoretical discussion as well as in practical tests that some common assumptions seem to be reconsidered. It is important to know that commonly accepted residual strength concept is questionable if the tensile strength cannot be determined to a high percentage of the "real" strength. The discussion on that should encourage young as well as experienced researchers always to question standards and standard procedures, read scientific papers of adjacent disciplines and make their own thoughts and approaches.

关键词： Tensile test Composite rebar Failure mode

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Effect of Bridge Skew on the Analytical and Experimental Responses of a Steel Girder Highway Bridge 1

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8th International Conference on civil engineering (ICCE)

作者： Lu, Renxiang Judd, Johnn Univ Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA Brigham Young Univ Provo UT 84602 USA

ISBN: (数字)9789811912603

ISBN: (纸本)9789811912603;9789811912597

This study examines the effect of bridge skewon the load rating and natural frequencies of a steel girder skewed highway bridge. The analytical load rating was determined based on a line-girder model and the AASHTO bridge design specification. The experimental load rating was determined based on a series of calibrated-weight truck runs. The analytical natural frequency was determined based on correlating the single span response to a continuous span response. The experimental natural frequency was obtained based on the free vibration response from the calibrated-weight truck. The frequency associated with the first spike of the frequency domain plot was identified using a Fast Fourier Transformation. The results show that the analytical load ratings and natural frequencies differed from the experimental values primarily due to effect of bridge skew, which caused the actual load path to be significantly shorter than the bridge span length that was used in the analytical calculations.

关键词： Load rating Natural frequency Skewed bridges Field testing

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The Freezing Point of Soils and the Factors Affecting its Depression

The Freezing Point of Soils and the Factors Affecting its De...

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International Conference on Advances in Construction Materials and Management (ACMM)

作者： Shah, Rufaidah Mir, Bashir Ahmed Natl Inst Technol Dept Civil Engn Srinagar 190006 Jammu & Kashmir India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811658396;9789811658389

Determination of freezing point is the prerequisite for any laboratory or field study on the freeze-thaw behaviour of soils. Depression in the freezing point of soil pore water as compared to pure water (which freezes at 0 degrees C) in a two-phase or a three-phase soil system is associated with several factors such as water content, mineralogical composition, salinity of pore water, pore size, plasticity of soil, etc. An experimental study was conducted on three types of soils of different plasticity and gradation to study the effects of water content, salinity of pore water and plasticity of soil on the freezing point depression. The results showed that the freezing point significantly depresses only when water content decreases beyond a certain value. The freezing point also showed depression with increasing soil plasticity and a linear depression with increasing salinity of pore water. The study is a part of extensive laboratory investigation on frost susceptibility of soils in Kashmir.

关键词： Seasonally frozen grounds Freezing point depression Salinity Plasticity Freeze-thaw test

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Tests of Authentic Low-Performance Concrete Specimens Strengthened with CFRP Sheets 10th

Tests of Authentic Low-Performance Concrete Specimens Streng...

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Eid, Rami Jaber, Ghali Dancygier, Avraham N. Rutenberg, Avigdor SCE Shamoon Coll Engn Civil Engn Dept IL-84100 Beer Sheva Israel Technion Israel Inst Technol Fac Civil & Environm Engn Natl Bldg Res Inst IL-32000 Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

Many existing old buildings constructed in Israel several decades ago are still in service and are likely to remain so for a relatively long time. Such buildings were commonly built using poor materials and construction practices. They include exterior walls, as well as interior partitions, which form part of the vertical gravity structural system. These walls are made of un-reinforced low-performance concrete (LPC) characterized by the presence of large aggregates (about 100 mm or more). Furthermore, in many of such old buildings, LPC walls are the sole vertical structural elements that carry gravity loads and support the floor slabs. Apparently, these old structures were neither designed nor constructed to withstand seismic actions. Yet, these walls usually have relatively medium to large dimensions, and hence, they possess considerable stiffness. Together with non-negligible mass, these walls are likely to attract substantial lateral seismic loads during future earthquakes. Strengthening of LPC walls requires knowledge of their mechanical properties, especially their shear resistance, which is the main object of the present study. Evaluating shear resistance is commonly done by testing beam specimens designed to fail in shear. For this purpose, authentic samples were extracted from existing walls and sawed into beams with spans of 70 similar to 100 cm and cross-sectional depth of similar to 18 cm. Yet, because these walls are un-reinforced, they had to be strengthened which, in the present study, this was carried out with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets in order to prevent flexural failure during standard three-point-bending tests, thereby allowing them to reach their shear capacity. The paper provides the parameters that governed design of these tests, such as the CFRP properties and its anchorage, a/d ratios of the specimens and the low compressive and tensile strengths of the concrete. Tests that have been conducted so far yielded the desired fai

关键词： Low-performance concrete FRP Shear strength Existing structures

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Influence of Elevated Temperatures on the Bond Between CFRP Strips and Concrete Using the NSM Technique - Definition of Local Bond vs. Slip Laws 10th

Influence of Elevated Temperatures on the Bond Between CFRP ...

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Azevedo, Adriana S. Firmo, Joao P. Correia, Joao R. Tiago, Carlos Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn CERIS Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations about the effects of elevated temperatures on the bond behaviour between concrete and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips installed according to the near-surface mounted (NSM) technique. Firstly, single-lap shear tests were performed on concrete prisms strengthened with CFRP strips inserted into slits pre-cut in the concrete cover and bonded with an epoxy-based adhesive. The specimens were heated up to the target temperature (from 20 to 270 degrees C, measured in the adhesive) and then loaded up to failure while the temperature was maintained constant. The experimental results show that with increasing temperatures (i) the bond strength is significantly reduced, and (ii) the failure mode changes from CFRP tensile failure at 20 degrees C and 50 degrees C to adhesive failure in the CFRP-adhesive interface at higher temperatures. Secondly, a numerical procedure was developed to calibrate (based on the experimental results) the local bond vs. slip laws at different elevated temperatures. Overall, both the stiffness and maximum bond stress of the obtained laws decrease with increasing temperatures;in addition, the predicted load vs. slip curves fit well the experimental counterparts.

关键词： CFRP strips NSM strengthening technique Concrete-CFRP bond High temperatures Experimental study Bond vs. slip laws

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Evaluation of Meteorological Drought Impact Using Drought Indices

Evaluation of Meteorological Drought Impact Using Drought In...

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International Conference on Advances in Construction Materials and Management (ACMM)

作者： Deepa, D. Prakash, Boddu Venkata Sai Neeraj, Chandragiri Sai Akhil, Kothamasu Sasireka, K. SASTRA Deemed Univ Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811658396;9789811658389

Drought is said to occur when there is a lack of water or when there is less precipitation than usual. Drought is typically triggered by changes in environment and human activities;its severity can vary from place to place and this intensity will be measured using drought indices. This study used rainfall data from the last 100 years of five districts in Andhra Pradesh, namely, Kadapa, Prakasam, Krishna, East Godawari and Visakhapatnam, and drought severity is measured using indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), China Z Index (CZI) and Statistical Z-score (SZ Score). The SPI is known to be the world's standard drought measurement index, but the calculation of the SPI is very complex compared to other indices. Thus, by using all these three indices, drought is measured, and comparative analysis is done to find the best alternative for the five districts to find drought severity. The implementation of each index is compared in this analysis, and the findings indicate that CZI and SZ score can provide similar results in East Godawari and Visakapatnam districts, whereas SZ score can provide similar results in Krishna, Prakasam and Kadapa districts, and shows slight deviation to the SPI for all time scales.

关键词： Precipitation Drought Standard Precipitation Index China Z Index Statistical Z-score

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Shearing Behaviour of Jointed Rocks Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading with Varying Gouge Materials 4th

Shearing Behaviour of Jointed Rocks Under Monotonic and Cycl...

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4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG)

作者： Hasilkar, Nirali B. Thakur, Lalit S. Amin, Nikunj Civil Engn Dept Bits Edu Campus Vadodara 391240 Gujarat India Geostruct Engn & Testing Serv Vadodara 390020 Gujarat India

ISBN: (纸本)9783030772383;9783030772376

Rock is not homogeneous and isotropic due to the presence of discontinuities and weak planes within its body. This brings in terms of 'rock material' and 'rock mass' for practical applications. A rock mass is an assemblage of intact rock pieces separated by discontinuities presented in different scales such as microfractures, rock joints, stratification, faults. For design in civil and mining engineering geo-structures, it is often necessary to investigate the behaviour and role of discontinuities on rock mass performance. In many cases, failure is governed by the shear behaviour of discontinuities in excavations. In this context, evaluation of the effects of small repetitive earthquakes on the shear strength parameters of rock joints especially in tunnels and dam foundations is also important. The main scope of work is to study and investigate shearing behaviour of jointed rocks infilled with gouge materials under monotonic and cyclic loading vis-a-vis the theoretical background to shearing behaviour under loading conditions to compare the shear strength values for a variety of jointed rocks. In case of cyclic loading, under the initial loading cycles, the rate of increase of displacement is slow corresponding to the rate of increase of shear stress. In later load cycles, the rate of displacement is rapid with a corresponding increase in shear stress until the peak shear stress value is reached. Under cyclic loading condition, post peak behaviour sometimes exhibits a tendency to drop suddenly and assumes a constant value called residual shear stress.

关键词： Shearing behaviour Jointed rock Monotonic loading Cyclic loading Gouge material

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A Progressive Failure Model for FRP Structures: Numerical and Experimental Analyses 10th

A Progressive Failure Model for FRP Structures: Numerical an...

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Gonilha, Jose Silvestre, Nuno Correia, Joao R. Tita, Volnei Fernandes, Lourenco A. Martins, David Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn CERIS Lisbon Portugal Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn IDMEC Lisbon Portugal Univ Sao Paulo Sao Carlos Sch Engn Dept Aeronaut Engn Sao Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

The ability to numerically predict the ultimate strength of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) structures is fundamental in order to enable design methodologies not resorting exclusively to experimental tests. In the last few decades, several authors have proposed failure initiation criteria for FRP materials. However, most of the proposed models are either limited in their application range (e.g. valid for unidirectional composites) or require layer-by-layer input data from experimental results that are very difficult to obtain (e.g. strength under biaxial loading). On the other hand, strength predictions based on first ply failure are overly conservative, especially for complex structures where local damage can occur without causing the overall structural collapse. Thereafter, in order to estimate the strength of FRP structures, damage progression models have been associated to failure initiation models. Some authors have adapted damage progression models developed for concrete materials, based on fracture energy. However, owing to the anisotropy and brittle nature of FRP materials, these models require extensive input data from various experimental tests, the values of which may vary widely for different FRP materials. Moreover, finite elements (FE) modelling of damage progression of FRP elements often involves layering the laminates and high computational costs. These limitations lead to the necessity of developing damage progression models able to capture the complex failure behaviour of FRPs while modeling the material as homogenous in order to reduce computational costs. In this paper, a new progressive failure model is proposed for the mesoscale modelling of homogenized FRP composites, considering failure initiation and damage evolution. The quadratic failure initiation model proposed uses two failure indexes, one for inplane and the other for out-of-plane failure. The damage evolution model can be divided in two stages: (i) gradual stiffness loss, and (ii) fina

关键词： Pultruded FRP material FE model Homogenization Failure model Damage

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European Union's Role in Handling Overtourism (Case Study in Venice, Barcelona, and Santorini) 5th

European Union's Role in Handling Overtourism (Case Study in...

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5th International Conference on Architecture and civil engineering 2021 (ICACE)

作者： Azzahra, Najmah Nugrahani, Henny Saptatia Drajati Univ Indonesia Sch Strateg & Global Studies Depok City Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811686672;9789811686665

The tourism industry in Europe is growing rapidly especially from 2017 to 2019. The increasing number of tourist arrivals has negative impacts on tourism, such as overtourism. The phenomenon occurs when there are too many visitors in certain tourism destinations and impacted the quality of life in the area. Overtourism has negative impacts such as environmental damage, damage to cultural sites, economic inequality, and damage to life quality of the local community. This paper aims to analyze the phenomenon that currently raising in European Union member states. The focus of this paper is EU's role in handling overtourism that occurring in Venice, Barcelona, and Santorini as the cities mentioned are located in EU's member states. This research is a qualitative study, with case study of overtourism occuring in Venice, Barcelona, and Santorini. The theme is analyzed using formal intergovernmental organization and compliance theories. It is found that European Union's role in handling overtourism in Venice, Barcelona, and Santorini is by applying their regulations in environmental, tourism, and sustainability fields to the mentioned countries because EU is a supranational intergovernmental institution and their member states have to comply every regulations made by EU.

关键词： European Union Overtoursim Formal intergovernmental organization Compliance

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Challenges in Developing Sustainable Infrastructure Case History: Boubyan Clay 4th

Challenges in Developing Sustainable Infrastructure Case His...

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4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG)

作者： Abdullah, Waleed AlOqaili, Fahad Ramasamy, Ananth AlOtaibi, Srour AlTheyab, Shaikha Kuwait Univ Civil Engn Dept POB 5969 Safat 13060 Kuwait Minist Publ Works Kuwait Int Airport New Passenger Terminal Project Kuwait Kuwait Minist Publ Works Kuwait Kuwait

ISBN: (纸本)9783030772383;9783030772376

Boubyan Island, which is the largest island within the geographic boundaries of the State of Kuwait, is characterized with its challenging ground conditions. Results of the extensive geotechnical investigation program indicated that the soil profile in the island is comprised of thick, soft, silty clay layer, with thickness ranging between 19 and 26 m, underlain by a dense to very dense fine sand layer. The silty clay layer is characterized as very soft to soft, calcareous, low to intermediate plastic, light brown to brown clay with cone resistance value less than 1 MPa, which is locally referred as "Boubyan Clay." Due to the existence of the thick, soft Boubyan Clay deposits in the island, ground improvement works in the form of surcharging with prefabricated vertical drains was adopted for limiting settlement of the road embankments after formation and for enhancing stability of the embankments. This paper describes in detail the challenges that Boubyan Clay imposes in developing sustainable infrastructures and in particular the analysis of the embankment slope stability under temporary and permanent load conditions using Morgenstern and Price method of slices by adapting the numerical modeling program of SLOPE/W. Analysis indicated that embankments were stable under temporary as well as permanent loading conditions. Results also proved that margin of safety in the drained long-term loading condition is much larger than those under the undrained loading conditions.

关键词： Boubyan clay Ground improvement Slope stability

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