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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

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Stochastic Project Network Scheduling Technique for Construction Projects Using GERT

Stochastic Project Network Scheduling Technique for Construc...

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International Conference on Advances in Construction Materials and Management (ACMM)

作者： Pregina, K. Kannan, M. Ramesh Vellore Inst Technol Chennai Sch Civil Engn Div Struct & Geotech Engn Chennai Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811658396;9789811658389

An extensive application of project network analysis in construction project management has been observed in the last few decades. The scheduling of construction projects is generally carried out using the conventional project scheduling methodologies such as Critical Path Method (CPM), Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM), Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), and so on. However, construction processes are highly repetitive in functionality. This characteristic makes construction projects more robust and stochastic, and thus requires a neoteric scheduling method rather than the conventional project scheduling techniques thereof. Consequently, an intriguing stochastic project network technique known as Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT), which is generally used in the industrial scheduling, is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional construction scheduling. The nature of GERT includes probabilistic branching, feedback looping, multiple sink nodes, and multiple node realizations which cannot be achieved in the conventional construction scheduling methodologies. These remarkable features permit the construction personnel to model and analyse projects and systems of a very repetitive nature and high complexities. GERT is the solution with paragon to many real-life projects that face problems like probabilistic occurrences of events, false-starts, activity repetition and multiple outcomes. This research tries to provide a comprehensive implication of GERT for a real-time construction project.

关键词： Stochastic project network CPM PERT Construction scheduling GERT

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Review of FRP Bar to Concrete Bond in Hygrothermal Conditions 10th

Review of FRP Bar to Concrete Bond in Hygrothermal Condition...

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Gravina, Rebecca J. Li, Junwei Smith, Scott T. Visintin, Phillip RMIT Univ Sch Engn Melbourne Vic Australia Univ Adelaide Sch Civil Evironm & Min Engn Adelaide SA Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite reinforcement is now commonly used as internal reinforcing bars for concrete structures subjected to aggressive environments where corrosion of steel reinforcement is likely. However, the FRP bar surface resin has been shown to deteriorate when exposed to aggressive environments and this can result in a significant loss of bond strength with the surrounding concrete. In this paper, a review of FRP bar pull-out tests is collated for the following hygrothermal conditions;full immersion in water, full immersion in alkaline solution, full immersion or wet-dry cycles in sea water solution, full immersion in acidic solution and freeze/thaw cycles in water or chemical solution. The durability of the bond behaviour is analysed in terms of influence of material properties, specimen geometry, an simulated environmental condition. The analysis has highlighted the large scatter that exists for experimental results between studies and seeks to explain this scatter through discussion of the impact of exposure to material properties and the importance of sound experimental design. Key knowledge gaps are identified that can be used to inform future studies.

关键词： FRP bars Bond Concrete Durability

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Temperature Changes on Land Surface in the Context of Urbanization in Quy Nhon City, Viet Nam 6th

Temperature Changes on Land Surface in the Context of Urbani...

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6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： Tho Van Phan Matos, Rute Sousa Univ Evora CHAIA Largo Marques Marialva 8 P-7000809 Evora Portugal Quy Nhon Univ Fac Nat Sci Qui Nhon Vietnam

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

Quy Nhon city is a grade 1 city situated in Binh Dinh province, in Viet Nam. Its populationwas 481.110 inhabitants and it had an urbanization rate of 60% in 2019, while Quy nhon population numbered just 260.000 in 2017. In order to evaluate the relationship between urban heat island and land cover, we used Landsat satellite imagery from 1990 to 2020 to classify the land cover by using the Support Vector Machine learning method (SVM). The classified results were evaluated with the test samples from the field survey. The accuracy is above 77%, which is reliable enough for use in research. To create the surface temperature layer, we used band 6 in the Landsat 5 ETM remote sensing imagery and bands 10, 11 in the Landsat 8 imagery. The results were calculated the surface temperature for the study area. The study carried out statistics of surface temperature value with land cover. The results show that Quy Nhon city has become warmer since 2005, which witnessed a significant increase, compared with roughly 4 degrees in 1996 and around 9 degrees in 1990. And the temperature in the urban land area is between 30 and 35 degrees. During this period, the classification results show that urban land has rapidly expanded. Especially from 2005 up to now, Quy Nhon city has witnessed a strong urban expansion, agricultural land, and water surface have been changed into urban land. To determine the area of urban heat islands we used the urban heat index (UHI). The results show that the heat island phenomenon increases with urbanization in the city and tends to increase over the years. This research result is a practical basis to propose suitable spatial and landscape planning solutions for the city, towards green and sustainable urban development.

关键词： Quy Nhon Landsat Surface temperature City warming

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Modeling Reinforced Concrete Beam with GFRP Bar and GFRP Sheet Using Finite Element Method 5th

Modeling Reinforced Concrete Beam with GFRP Bar and GFRP She...

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5th International Conference on Architecture and civil engineering 2021 (ICACE)

作者： Ikhsan, E. A. Z. Parung, H. Irmawaty, R. Hasanuddin Univ Dept Civil Engn Makassar Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9789811686672;9789811686665

The use of FRP bar reinforcement as a rust-resistant material is one solution to increase the resilience of reinforced concrete structures in the marine environment. Innovations in the use of FRP reinforcement need to be developed to improve quality and reduce construction costs by eliminating concrete cover and shear reinforcement. Removing the concrete cover and shear reinforcement in the beam can minimize the cross-sectional height without reducing the effective height of the beam and simplify the placing of concrete. To replace the shear reinforcement, GFRP sheets are installed in the shear span. To validate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams using FRP rods without concrete cover with GFRP sheet shear reinforcement in the experimental study, a numerical analysis was carried out using the finite element method using abaqus cae software. Modeling and treatment of test objects in numerical analysis is based on modeling and experimental treatment studies including material data used are the same as those in experimental research. The results obtained are that the flexural load capacity of the BFTS analyzed numerically is 12.45% greater than the experimental study. BFTS crack pattern in numerical analysis is wider than experimental study because the load resisted is numerically larger but basically the crack pattern experienced in the mid-span zone is similar.

关键词： Numerical analysis Experimental study GFRP sheet and GFRP bar

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Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unsaturated Unbound Pavement Materials Under Repeated and Static Loading 4th

Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Unsaturated Unbound Pavement Ma...

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4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG)

作者： Yaghoubi, Ehsan Disfani, Mahdi M. Arulrajah, Arul Kodikara, Jayantha Al-Taie, Asmaa Victoria Univ Melbourne Vic 3011 Australia Univ Melbourne Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia Swinburne Univ Technol Melbourne Vic 3122 Australia Monash Univ Melbourne Vic 3168 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783030772383;9783030772376

Climatic events such as precipitation result in unbound structural layers of pavements being in a partially saturated condition during their service life. With unsaturated testing being relatively complex and costly, the presence of relatively low matric suction in granular geomaterials, practitioners have been reluctant to explore the utilization of unsaturated geomechanics in the analysis and design of the mechanical behavior of pavement structural layers. In this research, unsaturated mechanical characteristics of three types of recycled geomaterials were firstly investigated using repeated load triaxial testing and the incorporation of their soil-water characteristics in the analysis of their resilient moduli response. This was to demonstrate the importance of understanding the unsaturated mechanical behavior of compacted granular material. Next, a virgin compaction surface (VCS) was developed within a moisture content-based framework to interpret the loading, unloading and wetting-induced volume change of the compacted materials. Outcomes of this research, for the first time, extend the application of the well-established Monash Peradeniya Kodikara (MPK) framework, originally developed for fine cohesive soils, to granular materials. A distinctive attribute of the proposed approach is the relative simplicity in the testing methodology by utilizing the conventional geotechnical testing equipment. The findings of this research can be used for estimation of the settlement of a granular structural layer that is compacted, loaded and then wetted through precipitation or flooding.

关键词： Unbound pavement materials Matric suction Resilient modulus response Volumetric behavior MPK framework

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Study of the Influence of Rainwater on the Railway Track 4th

Study of the Influence of Rainwater on the Railway Track

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4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG)

作者： de Alencar Menezes, Luisa Carla Rodrigues Guimaraes, Antonio Carlos Castro, Carmen Dias Mil Inst Engn Rio De Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783030772383;9783030772376

It is a common practice to use traditional criteria in the selection of materials in railway paving projects as well as the use of optimum moisture in pavement design through the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) method. However, variations in the weather can change the conditions of the infrastructure components over time, especially of the railway tracks since they have no coating and thus are exposed to the elements. These criteria, based only on the mechanical behavior of materials, are not adequate to evaluate the tropical soils and their hydraulic behavior so that soils with good performance can be discarded if more efficient criteria of analysis are not adopted. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to evaluate the variation of humidity over time in the railway platform when subjected to the action of rainwater for five different soil types when used in the sub-ballast layer, from the numerical-experimental analysis, considering as reference case the infrastructure of the Carajas Railway. For this purpose, tests were carried out on the HYPROP and WP4-C equipment in order to obtain the retention and hydraulic conductivity curves of the studied soils. The hydraulic functions in question were performed with the help of the IVFlow program and the input parameters such as section type, precipitation of the region, as well as the van Genuchten hydraulic model as a constitutive model. The results revealed that sample 1 (LS) has the best performance in the presence of water and is suitable for employment in the sub-ballast layer. The other samples presented unsatisfactory results.

关键词： Railway track Moisture Soil

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Finite Element Modeling of Large Rupture Strain (LRS) FRP-Confined Concrete Columns 10th

Finite Element Modeling of Large Rupture Strain (LRS) FRP-Co...

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Mohammadi, Mohsen Bai, Yu-Lei Dai, Jian-Guo Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Bejing Univ Technol Coll Architecture & Civil Engn Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

Extensive studies have demonstrated that confining a concrete column by large rupture strain fiber reinforced polymer (LRS FRP) composites can increase significantly its ultimate axial strength and ductility. For finite element analysis of such passively confined concrete columns by plasticity-based approaches, the plastic dilation angle must be quantified. For LRS-FRP confined concrete column, by increasing the lateral strain, the rate of confinement pressure is nonlinear compared to the linear rate provided by conventional FRPs (i.e., carbon FRP, glass FRP and aramid FRP), due to the bilinear tensile stress-strain nature of the LRS FRP material. This will cause the dilation behavior of LRS-FRP confined concrete to be substantially different from that of conventional FRP confined concrete columns. This study uses the cyclic compression tests of LRS FRP-confined cylindrical concrete columns to understand how the nonlinear confinement pressure will affect the concrete loading paths in terms of the change in the plastic dilation angles. Axial and lateral plastic strains obtained in cyclic tests are used for quantifying the plastic dilation angle of the confined concrete. Compared to conventional FRPs, it is revealed that for LRS FRP confinement the plastic dilation angle decreases by a steeper rate as a function of confinement lateral stiffness ratio. Also, the plastic dilation angle shows a different style as a function of axial plastic strain. For LRS FRP confinement the peak of plastic dilation angle occurs around the axial plastic strain of 2% which is substantially larger than that of conventional FRP confinement. These observations are used to perform finite element (FE) analysis of LRS FRP-confined concrete columns based on the ABAQUS software. With the employment of the concrete damage plasticity model (CDPM), the FE model can predict successfully the axial stress-strain relationships of LRS FRP-confined concrete.

关键词： Large rupture strain (LRS) FRP Confinement Finiate element modeling Plasticity

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Durability of Structural Adhesive Exposed to Marine Environment 10th

Durability of Structural Adhesive Exposed to Marine Environm...

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Gao, Ruixin Yu, Qian-Qian Gu, Xiang-Lin Jin, Xian-Yu Jin, Nan-Guo Tongji Univ Key Lab Performance Evolut & Control Engn Struct Minist Educ Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Coll Civil Engn Dept Struct Engn Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Civil Engn & Architecture Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

Structural adhesive plays an important role in external bonding with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials for strengthening aged steel structures. The durability of structural adhesive exposed to harsh environmental conditions has attracted much attention in recent years. Extensive work has been conducted on the performance of different structural adhesives when immersed in distilled water, salt solution, alkaline solution and so on. Several prediction models for moisture absorption and mechanical behaviour degradation have been proposed based on test data. However, the effect of chloride ion has not been well understood. This paper conducted an experimental study on the durability of structural adhesive when subjected to marine environment with a special focus on the influence of chloride ion. Two types of structural adhesive were selected. A total of 256 samples were prepared and exposed to various conditions, including simulated seawater and distilled water at 35 degrees C and 50 degrees C. The moisture absorption and mechanical properties degradation of adhesive were carefully monitored. Based on the experimental data, an index was developed to represent the effect of chloride ion.

关键词： Structural adhesive Durability Chloride ion Marine environment

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European Assessment for GFRP-Sandwich Connectors 10th

European Assessment for GFRP-Sandwich Connectors

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Weber, Andre Carstens, Stefan Pahn, Matthias Schoeck Bauteile GmbH Baden Baden Germany Tech Univ Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

For more than 25 years sandwich connectors made from GFRP are known in different markets. In different parts of the world, national committees or authorities have defined different testing programs to assess the performance of such elements. Now in Europe an internationally counselled assessment document (EAD) is available and the first producers have submitted their evaluation reports. In this paper, the background, as well as some results of this EAD, are presented and discussed. The focus of this paper is on the evaluation of the thermal effects on the load-bearing capacity of sandwich connectors. In particular, the temperature effect causes cyclic shear and bending stress in the connector due to the temperature difference between the facing layer and the load-bearing layer. The effects of the cyclic temperature-induced stress are investigated by functional tests with a subsequent test of the residual load-bearing capacity. In the context of this article experimental investigations for the evaluation of the temperature-induced cyclic shear and bending stress on the load-carrying capacity of sandwich connectors made of glass fibre reinforced polymer are presented and subsequently evaluated.

关键词： EAD ETA Point anchor Sandwich connector Certification Approval Shear test

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Probabilistic Analysis of a Braced Excavation Considering Soil Spatial Variability 1

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8th International Conference on civil engineering (ICCE)

作者： Ding, Shirui Yang, Haoqing Xu, Jiabao Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Civil Engn & Architecture 122 Luoshi Rd Wuhan 430070 Hubei Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Naval Architecture Ocean & Civil Engn 800 Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9789811912603

ISBN: (纸本)9789811912603;9789811912597

Deep braced excavations are generally known to be associated with risks from various sources. The inherent uncertainty of soil strength properties is one of the primary factors that influence the deformation of the retaining wall and the ground settlement. In this study, the numerical model of a braced excavation is firstly established by an elastic-plastic model with Drucker-Prager failure criterion in COMSOL Multiphysics. Random field theory is used to simulate the spatial variability of Young's modulus. The uncertainty of braced excavation on ground settlement and deflection of retaining wall by stages are studied by Monte Carlo simulation based on 500 random fields. The struts can lessen the uncertainty of wall deflection during excavation but have a limited impact on settlement. The deterministic result may underestimate the settlement of braced excavation. The uncertainty of wall deflection is significantly reduced after the first strut. The uncertainty of wall deflection above the depth of struts is well-controlled at the final stage of excavation.

关键词： Braced excavation Drucker-Prager Random field Uncertainty Spatial variability

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