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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

共 6940 条记录，以下是461-470 订阅

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Influence of Rock Strength Variability on the Stability of Potential Planar and Wedge Discontinuity Shear Failures 5th

Influence of Rock Strength Variability on the Stability of P...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Butcher, Clarence Buzzi, Olivier Giacomini, Anna Bertuzzi, Robert Griffiths, Vaughan Univ Newcastle Prior Res Ctr Geotech Sci & Engn Callaghan NSW Australia PSM Engn Consultants Perth WA Australia Colorado Sch Mines Golden CO USA

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782192;9789819782178;9789819782161

The stochastic approach to discontinuity shear strength (StADSS) avoids scale effects by predicting peak and residual shear strength of natural rock discontinuities using full-scale discontinuity data. Until recently, like many shear strength models for natural rock discontinuities, StADSS assumed that the strength of a rock mass is uniform despite its known variability. The variability of rock strength is often overlooked but should be incorporated for a rigorous slope stability analysis during the design and hazard mitigation of transportation corridors. This paper proposes a methodology to incorporate variable material strength to StADSS, and its resulting influence on predictions of peak and residual shear strength of discontinuities for case studies with increasing levels of roughness. Within StADSS, a unique set of strength parameters was assigned to each iteration of the Monte-Carlo simulation to account for the inherent variability of rock strength in the prediction of shear strengths. Observations from analysis have shown that the variability of rock strength parameters influences predictions of shear strength in different manners. The type of influence on shear strength predictions was unique to the varied parameters, the level of roughness of the discontinuity, and the normal stress applied. The significance of variation has highlighted the importance of investigating the sensitivity of slope stability to various stochastic input parameters, including the natural variability of the rock material strength.

关键词： Variability Stochastic Discontinuity

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Structural Performance of Novel Steel Connection for Indigenous Modular Houses

Structural Performance of Novel Steel Connection for Indigen...

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2023 Canadian Society for civil engineering Annual Conference

作者： Elhadary, Mostafa Bediwy, Ahmed Elshaer, Ahmed Lakehead Univ Thunder Bay ON P7B 5E1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031615375;9783031615351;9783031615344

Canada is suffering from a persistent housing shortage, especially in Indigenous communities, which was reported by the United Nations Assembly General on Adequate Housing in 2019. Modular housing is considered an adequate solution to reduce the shortage of housing needs. Prefabricated modular structures are becoming popular in the construction industry, particularly during times of high demand (e.g., after a natural hazard), through which components of the building are prefabricated off-site in a controlled setting and then transported and assembled on-site. Although volumetric modular structures have been widely used, this module is not ideal for transporting to remote areas (e.g., Indigenous communities). The transportation of these units and lifting processes can risk damaging both the structural and non-structural members. Alternatively, the current study proposed a novel modular connection configuration for connecting the modular panels (i.e., two-dimensional) using bolted connection on-site to build volumetric housing and avoid transportation limitations without elevating costs. This current study aimed to numerically investigate the mechanical and deformation behavior of the proposed beam-to-column connection for steel modular structures under monotonic loads. Two geometric parameters: the extended plate's thickness and bolt arrangement (square and rectangle) were examined using non-linear finite-element modeling to investigate their effect on the connection moment capacity and its inelastic rotation. All specimens showed local buckling and bolt-bearing failures within the beam member.

关键词： Prefabricated steel structure Beam-column connection Modular building system Finite-element modeling Local buckling

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Recurrent Neural Network-Based Workers' Posture and Workload Estimation on Building Construction Sites 20th

Recurrent Neural Network-Based Workers' Posture and Workload...

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20th International Conference on Computing in civil and Building engineering-ICCCBE

作者： Lo, King Chi Tsoi, Man Sau Siu, Francis Ming Fung Shen, Geoffrey Qiping Lau, Chi-Keung Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Bldg & Real Estate Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Fong Construct Ltd 6-FKai Tak Commercial Bldg317-319 Voeux Rd Cent Hong Kong Sheung Wan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842269;9783031842245;9783031842238

Handling materials on construction sites is one of the most critical aspects of a construction project. In low-rise buildings and early-stage construction sites without lifts or material hoists, transfer of materials heavily relies on manual operations. Proper material handling is imperative in ensuring the safety and productivity of workers. To identify whether the workers are handling materials properly, a foot plantar sensor can be employed to measure the workers' workload and estimate their working posture. Despite vast research that adopted foot plantar sensors to monitor the workers' workload when handling construction materials, further study is needed to understand the workload of carrying construction material on staircases. This study investigates whether workload monitoring methods can be applied to the material-carrying works on staircases. Foot plantar pressure data of workers with four postures is monitored and collected. The recurrent neural network (RNN) based deep learning network, which is gate recurrent unit (GRU) model, is adopted to estimate worker's postures using foot plantar pressure data. Results demonstrated that this methodology could train an estimation model to predict worker's postures for handling materials on staircases. The average training time for training the estimation model is 18 min. The model's average accuracy rates in the training, validation, and testing sets are 80%, 88%, and 80% respectively. The results revealed that GRU could train estimation models with limited plantar pressure data in a fast and effective manner. The study confirmed that the foot pressure value can be derived subject to worker postures when handling construction materials on staircases.

关键词： Worker postures Deep learning Load estimation Building Construction Staircase

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School Energy Retrofit in a Changing Climate: Optimization of Retrofit Strategies and Cost Implications 9th

School Energy Retrofit in a Changing Climate: Optimization o...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Campagna, Ludovica Maria Carlucci, Francesco Fiorito, Francesco Polytech Univ Bari I-70125 Bari Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

The poor condition of Italian schools has a chance for renovation thanks to climate policies aimed at limiting building consumption. Hence, defining effective retrofit strategies becomes vital, not only in the current but also in future climate scenarios. The aim of this work is to evaluate and optimize retrofit strategies for a school located in the Mediterranean area, considering both current and future weather scenarios, in terms of retrofit effectiveness and costs implications. Starting from the values set for the reference building proposed by the Italian law, a set of retrofit strategies was identified, considering envelope and systems alternatives. Then, a life cycle cost analysis has been performed for each possible alternative strategy to identify the optimal set of interventions. To this end, a single-objective optimization has been performed by coupling Energy Plus and Python, with the aim of minimizing the global investment cost, considering a time frame of 30 years. To simulate the climatic conditions variation, 11 years were simulated using an epw file representative of current climate (TMY) and the remaining 19 using an epw representative of future climate (2050), created using the morphing method based on the latest SSP5-8.5 scenario.

关键词： energy refurbishment optimization cost analysis climate change architectural engineering

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Geofoam-20 Years of Experience and Commonly Adopted Practices in NSW, Australia 5th

Geofoam-20 Years of Experience and Commonly Adopted Practice...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Mulcahy, Damian Transport New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782192;9789819782178;9789819782161

For 20 years, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), known in civil applications as Geofoam, has been used in New SouthWales, Australia as a lightweight fill material for various applications. Pioneered in Norway in the 1970s as a lightweight construction material to minimise settlement, Geofoam was first utilised in NSW for a highway widening on steep ground in 2002. Since then, Geofoam has been used as a lightweight fill to minimise vertical loads on soft ground where excessive settlement was predicted, for emergency and planned slope rehabilitation, as a way of reducing horizontal loading on bridge abutments, and for various other applications. There are several advantages to using Geofoam in construction. It can be more cost-effective than traditional ground improvement techniques;its use can lead to reduced construction time where earthworks' compaction is needed and can reduce the vertical impact on services. Geofoam can be installed by smaller work crews utilising lighter plant and can minimise the excavation footprints for slope remediations. These examples are just some of the demonstrated advantages showcased as part of the case studies explored. Case study examples will illustrate where and in what capacity Geofoam has been utilised in NSW, practical experiences on how and why they have implemented at each location, observations on performance over time, and the process for wider acceptance in road construction projects.

关键词： Geofoam Slope remediation Lightweight fill

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From Concept to Reality: A Systematic Review of Urban Digital Twin and Their Applications in Smart Cities 20th

From Concept to Reality: A Systematic Review of Urban Digita...

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20th International Conference on Computing in civil and Building engineering-ICCCBE

作者： Huang, Hao Tsou, Jin Yeu City Univ Hong Kong Dept Architecture & Civil Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842108;9783031842085;9783031842078

Metropolises comprise six primary systems that serve distinct domains: governance, environment, mobility, economy, living, and society. These systems work together to create a macrosystem that constitutes a city. In contemporary urban planning, Smart Cities (SCs) have emerged as a means of effectively managing and integrating critical infrastructure, optimizing resource allocation, coordinating maintenance activities, and addressing complex urban challenges while prioritizing security. Over the past few years, cutting-edge technologies like Wireless Sensor Networks, Building Information Modeling, Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality, Big Data Analytic, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Computing, Blockchain, and Cyber-Physical Systems have paved the way for intelligent and groundbreaking solutions in a variety of industries. Built on the knowledge gained from developing SCs and implementing Digital Twins (DTs) in other sectors, the Urban Digital Twin (UDT) has rapidly expanded in just a few years. UDT technology utilizes real-time data, simulation, machine learning, and reasoning to provide valuable assistance in decision-making processes. However, more than informatization and digitalization practices are required to embrace UDT fully. There has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of how to apply these features of DTs to manage SCs better. This review paper analyzed 150 papers that focused on DT-supported SCs. We aim to identify the drivers, challenges, and future directions for applying UDT-supported technologies. We systematically investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of DTs, categorized different technologies based on their application stages, and identified the key challenges, benefits, and open issues. The findings inform stakeholders in urban management to establish a foundation for future design, development, and widespread adoption of UDT.

关键词： Digital Twins Smart Cities Urban Management Internet of Things (IoT) Decision-making

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Assessing the Accuracy of EN ISO 13370 Simplified Method for Edge Insulation: A Comparative Analysis with Steady-State and Dynamic Simulation Models 9th

Assessing the Accuracy of EN ISO 13370 Simplified Method for...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Lomp, Siim Kalamees, Targo Hallik, Jaanus Tallinn Univ Technol NZEB Res Grp Dept Civil Engn & Architecture EE-19086 Tallinn Estonia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783076;9789819783052;9789819783045

This study investigates the accuracy of EN ISO 13370 simplified method to consider the impact of floor edge insulation on ground-coupled heat loss, in comparison to both steady-state (software Therm) and dynamic (software Delphin and Voltra) simulation models. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 78 distinct combinations of floor insulation thickness and additional vertical/horizontal edge insulation. The findings reveal that the standard procedure tends to overestimate heat loss for uninsulated or minimally insulated floors, as indicated by both steady-state and dynamic simulations. The simulations also show a decline in accuracy for insulation thicknesses between 100-400 mm when compared to dynamic models. This decline in accuracy is attributed to the EN ISO standard not accounting for floor/wall thermal bridge heat loss, rather than being a result of the standard not being developed for well-insulated floors. This assessment of ground-coupled heat loss compares steady-state and dynamic simulations to the current EN ISO 13370 procedure on various combinations of entire floor and edge insulation thickness in a seasonal frost region. The results imply that with increasing insulation thickness, the relative error of standard procedure increases. Further research on various floor geometries and climates can give input for refining current standard procedures to enhance accuracy.

关键词： Ground-coupled heat loss Floor edge insulation Thermal transmittance Slab on ground

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Comparison of Physical and engineering Properties of Recycled and Natural Sand for engineering Applications 5th

Comparison of Physical and Engineering Properties of Recycle...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Kommanamanchi, Vamsi Duddu, Sidhu Ramulu Chennarapu, Hariprasad Mahindra Univ Ecole Cent Sch Engn Dept Civil Engn Hyderabad 500043 Telangana India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782314;9789819782291;9789819782284

Due to rapid urbanization and improved construction activities in many developing countries and other metropolitan areas, the accumulation of demolition waste from construction demolitions in landfills is a worldwide issue. Demolition waste has a verse effect on the environment due to landfill and maintenance issues. The recycled sand employed in the study was obtained from a Construction and Demolition (C&D) processing plant situated in Hyderabad, India. Extensive physical and engineering characterization was performed on recycled sand. It is crucial to ascertain whether recycled sand can be utilized as a sustainable replacement for natural sand in order to ensure the efficiency and safety of constructions. The results show that the engineering characterization is high for recycled sand when compared with the test results for natural sand. The present study shows the technical suitability of recycled sand to use as backfill material in various engineering applications from a structural stability and performance point of view in reducing the demand for natural sand, which is often extracted from riverbeds and quarries. Using recycled sand in various engineering applications led to be an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach.

关键词： Natural sand Recycle sand Sustainability Backfill material

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Study on Quantification of CO2 Absorption of Hardened Cement for Concrete Using CCU Materials 4th

Study on Quantification of CO2 Absorption of Hardened Cement...

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4th FIB International Conference on Concrete Sustainability

作者： Takeshi, Iyoda Runa, Yahiro Yukiko, Nishioka Masarou, Kojima Shibaura Inst Technol 3-7-5 Toyosu Koto Tokyo Japan Takenaka Corp I-5-1 Otsuka Inzai Chiba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031806742;9783031806728;9783031806711

Towards a carbon-neutral society, in the concrete sector, in addition to considering the use of large amounts of additions to reduce the amount of cement, CO2 fixation technologies using carbonation reactions are also being considered. Considering a sustainable society, the use of recycled aggregates is also an important topic, as is the production of concrete using CO2-captured aggregates. Furthermore, if the CO2 absorption of the constructed structure can be quantified, it is possible to link this to the carbon footprint of the constructing structures. Therefore, in this study, an attempt was made to quantify the CO2 absorption of cement replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag in units of cement paste. Here, the relationship between the degree of hydration and the amount of CO2 absorption was investigated, assuming that the CO2 absorption of hydration products in the hardened cement paste is large. As a result, it was found that hydration progressed with extended curing, and that the amount of CO2 absorbed was greater when hydration progressed, and a high correlation was observed between the amount of CaO that became hydrate as a result of hydration progression and the amount of CO2 absorbed. By applying this, it was confirmed that the CO2 absorption in the paste section in recycled aggregate can be increased.

关键词： Carbonation CO2 absorption Ground Granulated blast furnace slag Hydration reaction

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Evaluation of Fine-Grained Tropical Soils' Resilient Behaviour for Pavement Design 5th

Evaluation of Fine-Grained Tropical Soils' Resilient Behavio...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Landim Alves Moreira, Claudio Rafael Cicuto Rodrigues Guimaraes, Antonio Carlos Correa Nascimento, Filipe Almeida Assad dos Santos, Juliana Tanabe Mil Inst Engn BR-22290270 Rio De Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782277;9789819782253;9789819782246

Tropical soils have demonstrated good mechanical behaviour when applied to pavement layers, contrary to current standards. In Brazil, a mechanistic-empirical method for pavement design-the MeDiNa method-has been implemented. This method uses the concept of resilient modulus through a composite model to evaluate pavements. Thus, this article discusses the mechanical behaviour through resilient modulus analyses. Laboratory tests were performed on ten samples of tropical fine-grained lateritic soils from Sao Paulo (Brazil). The results were evaluated according to constitutive models to predict the performance of the resilient modulus. Additionally, the materials were evaluated for highway pavement design. Results showed that, even though the materials are fine-grained, the soils exhibited good resilient behaviour and were suitable for application in pavement layers, due to their lateritic classification.

关键词： Lateritic soil Cyclic triaxial test Pavement Numerical analysis

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