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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

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Carbon Footprint Assessment from Purchased Electricity Consumption and Campus Commute in Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP): Pre- and During COVID19 Pandemic 1

引用

3rd International Conference on Green Environmental engineering and Technology (IConGEET) / 7th International Conference on Green Design and Manufacture (IConGDM)

作者： Baharom, Nor Atiqa Yusuf, Sara Yasina Za'aba, Siti Khadijah Noor, Norazian Mohd Ahmad, Nor Ashikin Ahmad, Wan Amiza Amneera Wan Boboc, Madalina Univ Malaysia Perlis Fac Civil Engn Technol Arau 02600 Perlis Malaysia Univ Malaysia Perlis Ctr Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technol CEGeoGT Sustainable Environm Res Grp SERG Kangar 01000 Perlis Malaysia Univ Malaysia Perlis Ctr Energy Management & Sustainable Campus COSCEM Arau 02600 Perlis Malaysia Univ Malaysia Perlis Ctr Excellence Water Res & Environm Sustainable G Arau 02600 Perlis Malaysia Natl Inst Res & Dev Environm Protect Bucharest IN 294 Splaiul Independentei St6th Dist Bucharest 060031 Romania

ISBN: (数字)9789811679209

ISBN: (纸本)9789811679209;9789811679193

Most institutions and organizations nowadays have been taking responsibility in reducing their carbon footprint (CF) to curtail the global warming impact to at least 20-25% reduction by 2030. Universities and higher learning institutions are starting to invest in becoming greener and carbon-free. Current COVID19 communicable disease has swayed the routine and concurrently influenced regular trends of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions throughout the world. This study explored the possible GHG emissions (calculated as CO(2)e) from internal campus commute and purchased electricity consumption from the year 2018-2020 at Universiti Malaysia Perlis main campus to analyze the influence of COVID19 pandemic on its CO(2)e emission. The average amount of CO(2)e emitted during pre-COVID19 period (n = 26) was 1,518.8 tCO(2)e/year while during COVID19 period, it was 1,071.5 tCO(2)e/year (n = 10), marked as 29.5% reduction. Due to completeness and quality of data for contracted bus (monitoring period of years 2018, 2019 and 2020 as 12 months, 12 months, and 2 months, respectively), year 2019 was determined as the appropriate baseline year for setting the CO(2)e reduction target due to COVID19 pandemic precedented year. In comparison to pre-COVID19 pandemic, almost 95%/year and 7%/year reductions of CO(2)e were recorded for both Scope 1 and Scope 2, respectively. Comparing Scope 1 and 2, it was obviously observed that the purchased electricity consumption (Scope 2) was the predominant contributor to GHG emission at UniMAP campus by 78% despite of current pandemic influence and its reduction was indistinct (7%/year reduction). Thus, the reduction target in future should be venturing in energy savings and energy auditing in addition to carbon offsetting.

关键词： Carbon footprint Greenhouse gases SDG 13 CO2 equivalent

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Flexible Integrated Transport Systems' Potential to Unleash Net Benefits in Rural Areas 6th

Flexible Integrated Transport Systems' Potential to Unleash ...

引用

6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： Heinitz, Florian Erfurt Univ Appl Sci Altonaer Str 25 D-99085 Erfurt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

This contribution presents a flexible integrated transport system which features the combination of anticipated peer-to-peer ridesharing and state-licensed on-demand services, complementing fixed-line scheduled transit. A sequential method of estimating the demand potential of such a collaborative service structure versus its supply side is formalized and studied by simulating synthetic network models. The workflow is set to support planning, to prove the efficiency of integrated solutions, and to reduce uncertainties for market entrants.

关键词： Flexible integrated transport system Ridesharing Mobility on demand Mobility as a service Demand-responsive transport Demand model

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Multi-objective Design Optimization of Sandwich Panel 10th

Multi-objective Design Optimization of Sandwich Panel

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Benzo, Pier Giovanni Sena-Cruz, Jose Pereira, Joao M. Univ Minho Dept Civil Engn ISISE IB S Guimaraes Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

In the scope of the research project "Lightslab - development of innovative slab solutions using sandwich panel" a new floor system based on sandwich panel has been developed. The lightweight structural system shall be a competitive solution when compared to traditional rehabilitation technique of degraded timber floors in old buildings. The layout of the sandwich prototypes designed involved the use of steel face sheet and: i) steel webs and polyurethane (PUR) foam core system;ii) glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) webs and PUR foam core system;and iii) outer steel webs and balsa wood core. The design of the sandwich panels included an optimization procedure. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) was developed for this purpose as it is a search method well suited for the solution of optimization problems. The multi-objective GA aims at the minimization of the three objective functions, i.e. cost, mass and environmental footprint of the sandwich panel. The definition of the main feature of the algorithm includes consideration about encoding procedure, fitness scaling, selection method and handling of constraints. The boundary conditions are imposed so that the retrieved solutions will represent a feasible solution to the problem. These boundary conditions are the analytical formulation of the serviceability, ultimate limit state and thermal transmittance verifications imposed by the building codes to sandwich panels. The present paper deals with the introduction of all the aspects of the optimization problems providing as an example the optimization of the panel with steel face sheets, webs and PUR foam.

关键词： Sustainability Sandwich panel Multi-objective optimization Genetic algorithm

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Importance of the Geotechnical Variability in the Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Through Random Fields 1

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4th International Conference on Numerical Modelling in engineering (NME)

作者： Mendoza, Cristhian C. Hurtado, Jorge E. Paredes, Jairo A. Univ Nacl Colombia Sede Manizales Dept Ingn Civil Fac Ingn & Arquitectura Campus Palogrande Manizales 170004 Colombia

ISBN: (数字)9789811681851

ISBN: (纸本)9789811681851;9789811681844

This study presents the variability influence of the geotechnical parameters using random fields for shallow foundations. Knowing the variation of bearing capacity can lead to a better foundation design. The present study was made through continuous-footing finite element models (FEM). These FEM models used a constitutive elastoplastic model that takes the geological history of the soil. The model's parameters were generated as random fields with the decomposition matrix technique (Cholesky factorization). Later, these parameters were integrated into the FEM models. Then, more than 2400 FEM simulations were made. The simulations show the parameters that must be carefully obtained to reduce the variability of the load capacity. In addition, the results show that the soil compressibility parameters have a significant influence on the value of the bearing capacity. However, the compression parameters aren't taken into account in the classical equations of bearing capacity.

关键词： Random fields Shallow foundations Elastoplastic model

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Initiation of 2014 Oso Landslide Using 3D Slope Stability Analyses: Effect of Infiltration 4th

Initiation of 2014 Oso Landslide Using 3D Slope Stability An...

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4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG)

作者： Kargar, Pourya Osouli, Abdolreza Southern Illinois Univ Carbondale IL USA Southern Illinois Univ Edwardsville IL 62026 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783030772383;9783030772376

March 2014 Oso landslide, which demolished Steelhead Haven Community near Oso, Washington, is the deadliest in US history. Several factors have been suggested for the initiation of this landslide by various researchers including, the heavy rainfall before the landslide, timber harvesting on the upper plateau, river erosion at the slope toe, groundwater rise due to rainfall infiltration, and irregular 3D topography of the slope. This study utilizes 3D limit equilibrium and 3D finite element seepage analyses to investigate the effect of rainfall infiltration in the 7.5 acres timber harvest area at the top of the slope as well as potential changes of groundwater elevation on the initiation of 2014 Oso landslide. To achieve these objectives, the infiltration rate was varied in the harvested area to investigate its effect on the first phase initiation. Also, two potential groundwater levels were examined to assess the sensitivity of the first phase slide mass to changes in groundwater conditions. The 3D factor of safety for the critical slip surfaces was obtained for the two groundwater levels using two conventional limit equilibrium methods. The safety factor for the critical slip surface is slightly different for the first and second groundwater levels. The difference is such small that it can be concluded that a reasonable rise in groundwater level would not have been the triggering factor for the 2014 Oso landslide. The impacts of other potential factors such as shear strength reductions of upper layers due to the rainfall infiltration, timber harvesting, and/or 3D slope geometry effects appear to have been more influential in the initiation of the landslide.

关键词： Oso landslide 3D slope stability analysis Rainfall infiltration 3D seepage analysis Shear strength

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Optimization Based Seismic Design of Self-centering Concentrically Braced Frames 10th

Optimization Based Seismic Design of Self-centering Concentr...

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10th International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA)

作者： Marzok, Ameer Lavan, Oren Technion Israel Inst Technol Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9783031038136;9783031038112;9783031038105

This paper presents a design approach for multiple rocking Self-Centering concentrically Braced Frames (SC-CBFs) using a zero-order optimization framework. The objective of the design is to minimize the construction cost of the SC-CBF while satisfying performance constraints. The design space includes the properties of the rocking sections while the elements of the structural system are indirectly considered. In addition, the optimization problem is formulated to eliminate unnecessary rocking sections. Due to the nonlinearity of the optimization problem, an iterative procedure is adopted. Each iteration includes a set of new candidate designs of the system which are a product of the optimization algorithm used. The response of each design is computed using a nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) utilizing the Mixed Lagrangian Formalism (MLF). MLF has been shown as an efficient numerical scheme for this type of problem. The proposed methodology has been applied for the seismic design of SC-CBFs with multiple rocking sections. The results show that the optimized structures satisfy the predefined allowable performance levels with reduced construction costs.

关键词： Structural optimization Self-centering Higher mode effects Multiple rocking systems Concentrically braced frames

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Experimental Study on Behaviour of Clayey Sand Reinforced by Polypropylene Fibre 6th

Experimental Study on Behaviour of Clayey Sand Reinforced by...

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6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： Sy Hung Nguyen Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol & Educ Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

In this paper, the author presents the improvements in the mechanical properties of clayey sand soils reinforced by polypropylene (PP) fibres. PP fibres with 3 different lengths of 10, 15 and 20 mm were mixed with the soil with content by weight of 0.5, 1 and 1.5%. Three types of experiments were conducted including 30 compaction tests, 30 direct shear tests and 10 triaxial compression tests. With the same compaction energy, the maximum dry density was achieved with a fibre length of 20 mm and a fibre content of 1%. After determining the optimum water content for each type of fibre length and content, the soil samples in the direct shear and triaxial compression test were prepared by compaction to have the corresponding maximum density. The direct shear test showed that as the fibre content or the fibre length increased, the cohesion c increased whilst the friction angle phi decreased. The cohesion c reached the maximum value with the fibre length of 20 mm and the fibre content of 1%. This value was 9 times greater than that of c of the un-reinforced soil. In the consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial test, the peak deviator stress was significantly improved compared to un-reinforced soil. The maximum values of both cohesion cCU and friction angle phi CU were achieved with a fibre length of 15mm and a fibre content of 1%. The largest value of cCU of the reinforced soil was more than 10 times of the unreinforced soil. However, phi CU did not have much improvement compared to un-reinforced soil.

关键词： Fibre-reinforced Triaxial test Compaction test Polypropylene fibre

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Investigations into Grading Characteristics of Tailings 6th

Investigations into Grading Characteristics of Tailings

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6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： Okewale, Ismail Adeniyi Grobler, Hendrik Univ Johannesburg Dept Min Engn Johannesburg South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

Tailings are by-products of beneficiation processes of run-off mine in order to extract valuable fractions from ore minerals. Studying this material is essential due to importance of its handling and consequent negative impacts on human and environment as well as limited understanding of its mechanics. Grading is one of important aspects of mechanics of behaviour of geomaterials and it is investigated in details in this study. This is achieved by conducting index tests on samples collected at different depths in the pond. Also, comparisons were made with other tailings reported in the literature. The engineering descriptors (mean particle size, coefficient of uniformity, coefficient of curvature, clay fraction and fines content) were considered as grading characteristics. Different grading characteristics were found for the tailings. The grading curves may result from degree of sorting by sedimentation at different points.

关键词： Grading Tailings Mechanics engineering descriptors Index properties

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Spectral Stochastic Isogeometric Analysis of Microbeams with Material Uncertainty 6th

Spectral Stochastic Isogeometric Analysis of Microbeams with...

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6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： Toan Minh Le Duy Vo Tinh Quoc Bui Thu Van Huynh Limkatanyu, Suchart Rungamornrat, Jaroon Chulalongkorn Univ Fac Engn Dept Civil Engn Appl Mech & Struct Res Unit Bangkok 10330 Thailand Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Civil & Environm Engn Tokyo 1528552 Japan Prince Songkla Univ Fac Engn Dept Civil Engn Hat Yai 90112 Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

In this study, the nondeterministic linear static response of planar microbeams accounting for the influence of material microstructures and material uncertainty is investigated by the method of spectral stochastic isogeometric analysis (SSIGA). The beam formulation is developed based upon Timoshenko hypothesis and modified couple stress theory. The uncertainty of Young's modulus is modelled as a homogeneous Gaussian random field over a one-dimensional space occupied by the beam axis. Within the framework of SSIGA, the random field, represented by Karhunen-Loeve expansion, is discretized by the univariate non-uniform B-spline basis functions. The arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion is subsequently adopted to predict the statistical characteristics (e.g., mean and standard deviation) of the stochastic deflection. Finally, a numerical study on a representative cantilever microbeam is presented to demonstrate the significance of integrating the material uncertainty in the analysis of micro-scaled beams.

关键词： Modified couple stress theory Microstructure effects Material uncertainty Spectral Stochastic Isogeometric analysis Timoshenko beam

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Effect of Torsional Eccentricity on Twisting Behavior of a Steel Building Tested on Shaking-Table 6th

Effect of Torsional Eccentricity on Twisting Behavior of a S...

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6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： Tran Tuan Nam Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol 475A Dien Bien Phu Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

Based on shaking experiment results of a full-scale 4-story steel building conducted on E-Defense-the world largest shaking-table in Japan, characterization of twisting behavior can be achieved. Exploration on twisting motion of the specimen building is presented in this paper, addressing global rotational responses in varying excitation levels. Study results show that the torsion movement of the building is mainly due to story torsional eccentricity. On the other hand, the shaking-table also causes considerable influence on the building twisting response. Some justifications for stiffness of non-structural components are also presented, through which we can get a more precise basis to determine stiffness contribution of each component.

关键词： Shaking experiment Twisting behavior Torsional eccentricity

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