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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

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From Concept to Reality: A Systematic Review of Urban Digital Twin and Their Applications in Smart Cities 20th

From Concept to Reality: A Systematic Review of Urban Digita...

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20th International Conference on Computing in civil and Building engineering-ICCCBE

作者： Huang, Hao Tsou, Jin Yeu City Univ Hong Kong Dept Architecture & Civil Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842108;9783031842085;9783031842078

Metropolises comprise six primary systems that serve distinct domains: governance, environment, mobility, economy, living, and society. These systems work together to create a macrosystem that constitutes a city. In contemporary urban planning, Smart Cities (SCs) have emerged as a means of effectively managing and integrating critical infrastructure, optimizing resource allocation, coordinating maintenance activities, and addressing complex urban challenges while prioritizing security. Over the past few years, cutting-edge technologies like Wireless Sensor Networks, Building Information Modeling, Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual Reality, Big Data Analytic, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Computing, Blockchain, and Cyber-Physical Systems have paved the way for intelligent and groundbreaking solutions in a variety of industries. Built on the knowledge gained from developing SCs and implementing Digital Twins (DTs) in other sectors, the Urban Digital Twin (UDT) has rapidly expanded in just a few years. UDT technology utilizes real-time data, simulation, machine learning, and reasoning to provide valuable assistance in decision-making processes. However, more than informatization and digitalization practices are required to embrace UDT fully. There has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of how to apply these features of DTs to manage SCs better. This review paper analyzed 150 papers that focused on DT-supported SCs. We aim to identify the drivers, challenges, and future directions for applying UDT-supported technologies. We systematically investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of DTs, categorized different technologies based on their application stages, and identified the key challenges, benefits, and open issues. The findings inform stakeholders in urban management to establish a foundation for future design, development, and widespread adoption of UDT.

关键词： Digital Twins Smart Cities Urban Management Internet of Things (IoT) Decision-making

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Geofoam-20 Years of Experience and Commonly Adopted Practices in NSW, Australia 5th

Geofoam-20 Years of Experience and Commonly Adopted Practice...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Mulcahy, Damian Transport New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782192;9789819782178;9789819782161

For 20 years, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), known in civil applications as Geofoam, has been used in New SouthWales, Australia as a lightweight fill material for various applications. Pioneered in Norway in the 1970s as a lightweight construction material to minimise settlement, Geofoam was first utilised in NSW for a highway widening on steep ground in 2002. Since then, Geofoam has been used as a lightweight fill to minimise vertical loads on soft ground where excessive settlement was predicted, for emergency and planned slope rehabilitation, as a way of reducing horizontal loading on bridge abutments, and for various other applications. There are several advantages to using Geofoam in construction. It can be more cost-effective than traditional ground improvement techniques;its use can lead to reduced construction time where earthworks' compaction is needed and can reduce the vertical impact on services. Geofoam can be installed by smaller work crews utilising lighter plant and can minimise the excavation footprints for slope remediations. These examples are just some of the demonstrated advantages showcased as part of the case studies explored. Case study examples will illustrate where and in what capacity Geofoam has been utilised in NSW, practical experiences on how and why they have implemented at each location, observations on performance over time, and the process for wider acceptance in road construction projects.

关键词： Geofoam Slope remediation Lightweight fill

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Assessing the Accuracy of EN ISO 13370 Simplified Method for Edge Insulation: A Comparative Analysis with Steady-State and Dynamic Simulation Models 9th

Assessing the Accuracy of EN ISO 13370 Simplified Method for...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Lomp, Siim Kalamees, Targo Hallik, Jaanus Tallinn Univ Technol NZEB Res Grp Dept Civil Engn & Architecture EE-19086 Tallinn Estonia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783076;9789819783052;9789819783045

This study investigates the accuracy of EN ISO 13370 simplified method to consider the impact of floor edge insulation on ground-coupled heat loss, in comparison to both steady-state (software Therm) and dynamic (software Delphin and Voltra) simulation models. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 78 distinct combinations of floor insulation thickness and additional vertical/horizontal edge insulation. The findings reveal that the standard procedure tends to overestimate heat loss for uninsulated or minimally insulated floors, as indicated by both steady-state and dynamic simulations. The simulations also show a decline in accuracy for insulation thicknesses between 100-400 mm when compared to dynamic models. This decline in accuracy is attributed to the EN ISO standard not accounting for floor/wall thermal bridge heat loss, rather than being a result of the standard not being developed for well-insulated floors. This assessment of ground-coupled heat loss compares steady-state and dynamic simulations to the current EN ISO 13370 procedure on various combinations of entire floor and edge insulation thickness in a seasonal frost region. The results imply that with increasing insulation thickness, the relative error of standard procedure increases. Further research on various floor geometries and climates can give input for refining current standard procedures to enhance accuracy.

关键词： Ground-coupled heat loss Floor edge insulation Thermal transmittance Slab on ground

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Evaluation of Fine-Grained Tropical Soils' Resilient Behaviour for Pavement Design 5th

Evaluation of Fine-Grained Tropical Soils' Resilient Behavio...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Landim Alves Moreira, Claudio Rafael Cicuto Rodrigues Guimaraes, Antonio Carlos Correa Nascimento, Filipe Almeida Assad dos Santos, Juliana Tanabe Mil Inst Engn BR-22290270 Rio De Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782277;9789819782253;9789819782246

Tropical soils have demonstrated good mechanical behaviour when applied to pavement layers, contrary to current standards. In Brazil, a mechanistic-empirical method for pavement design-the MeDiNa method-has been implemented. This method uses the concept of resilient modulus through a composite model to evaluate pavements. Thus, this article discusses the mechanical behaviour through resilient modulus analyses. Laboratory tests were performed on ten samples of tropical fine-grained lateritic soils from Sao Paulo (Brazil). The results were evaluated according to constitutive models to predict the performance of the resilient modulus. Additionally, the materials were evaluated for highway pavement design. Results showed that, even though the materials are fine-grained, the soils exhibited good resilient behaviour and were suitable for application in pavement layers, due to their lateritic classification.

关键词： Lateritic soil Cyclic triaxial test Pavement Numerical analysis

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Comparison of Physical and engineering Properties of Recycled and Natural Sand for engineering Applications 5th

Comparison of Physical and Engineering Properties of Recycle...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Kommanamanchi, Vamsi Duddu, Sidhu Ramulu Chennarapu, Hariprasad Mahindra Univ Ecole Cent Sch Engn Dept Civil Engn Hyderabad 500043 Telangana India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782314;9789819782291;9789819782284

Due to rapid urbanization and improved construction activities in many developing countries and other metropolitan areas, the accumulation of demolition waste from construction demolitions in landfills is a worldwide issue. Demolition waste has a verse effect on the environment due to landfill and maintenance issues. The recycled sand employed in the study was obtained from a Construction and Demolition (C&D) processing plant situated in Hyderabad, India. Extensive physical and engineering characterization was performed on recycled sand. It is crucial to ascertain whether recycled sand can be utilized as a sustainable replacement for natural sand in order to ensure the efficiency and safety of constructions. The results show that the engineering characterization is high for recycled sand when compared with the test results for natural sand. The present study shows the technical suitability of recycled sand to use as backfill material in various engineering applications from a structural stability and performance point of view in reducing the demand for natural sand, which is often extracted from riverbeds and quarries. Using recycled sand in various engineering applications led to be an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach.

关键词： Natural sand Recycle sand Sustainability Backfill material

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Study on Quantification of CO2 Absorption of Hardened Cement for Concrete Using CCU Materials 4th

Study on Quantification of CO2 Absorption of Hardened Cement...

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4th FIB International Conference on Concrete Sustainability

作者： Takeshi, Iyoda Runa, Yahiro Yukiko, Nishioka Masarou, Kojima Shibaura Inst Technol 3-7-5 Toyosu Koto Tokyo Japan Takenaka Corp I-5-1 Otsuka Inzai Chiba Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031806742;9783031806728;9783031806711

Towards a carbon-neutral society, in the concrete sector, in addition to considering the use of large amounts of additions to reduce the amount of cement, CO2 fixation technologies using carbonation reactions are also being considered. Considering a sustainable society, the use of recycled aggregates is also an important topic, as is the production of concrete using CO2-captured aggregates. Furthermore, if the CO2 absorption of the constructed structure can be quantified, it is possible to link this to the carbon footprint of the constructing structures. Therefore, in this study, an attempt was made to quantify the CO2 absorption of cement replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag in units of cement paste. Here, the relationship between the degree of hydration and the amount of CO2 absorption was investigated, assuming that the CO2 absorption of hydration products in the hardened cement paste is large. As a result, it was found that hydration progressed with extended curing, and that the amount of CO2 absorbed was greater when hydration progressed, and a high correlation was observed between the amount of CaO that became hydrate as a result of hydration progression and the amount of CO2 absorbed. By applying this, it was confirmed that the CO2 absorption in the paste section in recycled aggregate can be increased.

关键词： Carbonation CO2 absorption Ground Granulated blast furnace slag Hydration reaction

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Experimental Tests on Hemp-Reinforced Adobe Bricks 5th

Experimental Tests on Hemp-Reinforced Adobe Bricks

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5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Meglio, Emilia Formisano, Antonio Univ Naples Federico II Dept Structures Engn & Architecture Naples Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873140;9783031873126;9783031873119

In the pursuit of reducing the environmental impact of construction, minimizing land consumption, and promoting sustainable building systems, the use of adobe bricks reinforced with hemp offers a promising revival of traditional, eco-friendly building methods. This research specifically investigates the physical and mechanical characteristics of bricks made from a blend of adobe and hemp, aiming to enhance structural performance while maintaining sustainability. The study involved producing adobe bricks that were naturally sun-dried and prepared solely with water, without any added chemicals or stabilizing agents. Reinforcement was incorporated through hemp fibres or hurds, introduced in varying percentages and lengths to examine their effects on brick performance. The initial research phase focused on determining the optimal water content needed to achieve a uniform, semi-solid or plastic mixture. This entailed accounting for both the clay's properties and the hemp's water absorption capacity. Once the ideal mix design was established, brick specimens were formed, and their shrinkage during drying was measured to evaluate stability. The mechanical properties of the bricks were assessed through three-point bending and compression tests. The findings indicate that hemp reinforcement, in specific configurations, effectively limits shrinkage and enhances the compressive strength of the adobe bricks, demonstrating a viable option for sustainable construction materials. These results suggest that adobe bricks with hemp reinforcement could serve as an eco-sustainable material, combining traditional techniques with modern requirements for strength and durability.

关键词： Adobe Bricks Experimental Tests Natural Fibres Hemp Bio-composite Materials

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Vertical Greenery Systems for Building Stock 11th

Vertical Greenery Systems for Building Stock

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11th International Conference of Ar.Tec.

作者： Lo Faro, Alessandro Moschella, Angela Lombardo, Grazia Sciuto, Gaetano Univ Catania I-95123 Catania Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031718694;9783031718670;9783031718663

The 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation. In this sense, greening strategies can help achieve this goal as well as improve the environmental, psychological, and social quality of cities. Nature Based Solutions (NBS) constitute one of the strategies that address both adaptation and mitigation of climate change. In the urban context, NBS are translated into Green Infrastructures (GI) i.e. greening of private and public land with trees and hedges, Green Roofs (GR) and Vertical Greenery System (VGS). The greening systems when applied on new buildings, for instance Bosco verticale (Stefano Boeri, 2009_2014) or Caixa Forum (Herzog & de Meuron, 2003_2008), just to mention the most famous ones, became one of those requirements which the design in based on;instead, when we deal with urban regeneration and building renovation/retrofitting design it is necessary to choose the greening strategy that accounts the constraints dictated by existing buildings related to geometry, load bearing structure, architectural and technological aspects. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of VGS on the existing building stock and their role in summer comfort, starting from the classification of building types used in the most recent architectural projects. The study provides a premise for the transfer of this technology as a useful strategy in greening interventions on the building stock.

关键词： Built environment Building retrofit Green facade Living wall

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A Perspective on Stabilizing Landslides and Slopes in Challenging Terrain Using Rigid Structural Elements 5th

A Perspective on Stabilizing Landslides and Slopes in Challe...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Kostaschuk, Rod Devonald, Martin Gilazghi, Simon Breckon, Cam Stirling, Jan BGC Engn Inc Vancouver BC V6Z 0R3 Canada BGC Engn Inc Edmonton AB T5J 4A1 Canada BGC Engn Pty Ltd Brisbane Qld 4101 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782437;9789819782413;9789819782406

In challenging geologic and topographic conditions, traditional earthworks and drainage measures maybe unfeasible, impractical, or insufficient, and rigid structural elements are used to stabilize existing landslides and to enhance the stability of slopes for transportation projects. Rigid elements commonly used for slope stabilization include drilled shafts or driven piles for passive slope support, retaining structures, and post-tensioned ground anchors for active support. A perspective is provided on these types of rigid inclusions using experiences from landslide and slope stabilization projects in the challenging, glaciated, and mountainous geography of western Canada. The perspective includes key considerations in the selection of the most effective structural support elements and integrating structural support with traditional earthworks and drainage measures for the optimal overall geotechnical approach to design. Geotechnical and structural monitoring results from completed landslide stabilization projects are described to illustrate the effectiveness of the rigid elements during and after construction. Important learnings from construction are provided, and results of geotechnical instrumentation are evaluated and interpreted. Based on experiences from several geotechnical designers and projects, the authors provide a summary of the site conditions that influence the selection of rigid inclusions and structural support for the stabilization of steep slopes.

关键词： Landslide stabilization Anchored slopes Pile-supported slopes

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Roofs Passive Cooling Performance Through Air Permeability of Tiles: Development of a Standardized Laboratory Assessment Method 9th

Roofs Passive Cooling Performance Through Air Permeability o...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Di Giuseppe, Elisa Gianangeli, Andrea Ferrari, Benedetta Latini, Arianna D'Orazio, Marco Univ Politecn Marche I-60131 Ancona Italy Ctr Ceram I-40131 Bologna Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

Ventilated roofs with clay tiles significantly reduce the incoming thermal heat in summer season, based on "above sheathing" and "under-tile" ventilation concepts ("Ventilated and Permeable Roofs", VPR). The European LIFE HEROTILE project developed an innovative "Herotile", designed with an improved aerodynamic shape, optimizing its air permeability while maintaining waterproofness. The project demonstrated the effectiveness of the "Herotiles-based roof" (HBR) in reducing cooling energy compared to other roofing solutions. Although this technological advancement and the well-established benefits of roof ventilation, the potential of VPR/HBR solutions is still poorly recognized at regulation levels, thus limiting their replicability and transferability. One of the actions of the new LIFE SUPERHERO project aims to overcome this barrier by developing a standardized test method to assess the air permeability of tiled roofs and then a recognized classification way for covering products, based on their ventilation performance. A round-robin test has been arranged in three independent laboratories. It consists of blowing or aspirating air down a pipe into a plenum chamber covered by an assembly of tiles. The measured air pressure differences and volume airflow rates are used to determine the air permeability of the assembly. In this work, the developed test method is presented, together with the preliminary results obtained on several tiles typologies available on the market (curved, flat or Herotiles). The outcomes confirm the impact of the tiles shape on the air permeability. Future developments entail the proposal to include the standardized test method in a European Assessment Document or in a CEN standard.

关键词： Roof Tile Passive Cooling Air Permeability Ventilation Laboratory testing

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