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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

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Microscopic and Durability Evaluation of In-Situ Extracted Internal GFRP Reinforcing Bars After Temporal Exposure 10th

Microscopic and Durability Evaluation of In-Situ Extracted I...

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Al-Khafaji, Ali F. Myers, John J. Nanni, Antonio Missouri Univ Sci & Technol Rolla MO 65409 USA Univ Miami Coral Gables FL 33124 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

This study assesses the durability of GFRP bars in concrete bridges exposed to a real-time weather environment. In order to observe any possible mechanical and chemical changes in the GFRP bars and concrete, several tests were conducted on the GFRP bars and surrounding concrete of the extracted cores. Carbonation depth, pH, and chlorides content were performed on the extracted concrete cores to evaluate the GFRP-surrounding environment and see how they influenced certain behaviors of GFRP bars. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to observe any microstructural degradations within the GFRP bar and on the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was applied to check for any chemical elemental changes. In addition, glass transition temperature (TA) and fiber content tests were carried out to assess the temperature state of the resin and check any loss in fiber content of the bar after these years of service. The results showed that there were no microstructural degradations in both bridges. EDS results were positive for one of the bridges, and they were negative with signs for leaching and alkali-hydrolysis attack on the other. Fiber content results for both bridges were within the permissible limits of ACI 440 standard. Carbonation depth was found only in one of the bridges. In addition, there were no signs for chlorides attack in concrete. This study adds new evidence to the validation of the long-term durability of GFRP bars as concrete reinforcing used in field applications.

关键词： Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) Durability SEM FTIR EDS TA pH Chlorides content

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Greenhouse Gases Emission from Municipal Solid Waste in Thanjavur

Greenhouse Gases Emission from Municipal Solid Waste in Than...

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International Conference on Advances in Construction Materials and Management (ACMM)

作者： Deepa, D. Sharmila, P. Sharmila, S. Mary Rebekah SASTRA Deemed Be Univ Sch Civil Engn Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811658396;9789811658389

The topic of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) is important in the sense of climate change. In all of India's megacities, population growth is outpacing municipal solid waste production. With a population of 2.56 lakhs in 2019, Thanjavur is one of Tamil Nadu's oldest and fastest growing cities, with an 8.5% growth rate over the last decade. Every day, approximately 105 tonnes of urban solid waste are produced. In the existing scheme, there are no scientific techniques for treating and disposing of solid waste. The solid waste collected will be transported to the Srinivasapuram disposal site without discrimination (5 kms from the city). This endangers people's health and degrades the urban climate. Inventory of Thanjavur site-specific emission factors using IPCC and LandGEM models and site-specific measurements based on appropriate activity data. These models are used to measure the emissions of methane, total landfilll gas, non-methane organic compounds, carbon dioxide, and other MSW air contaminants.

关键词： IPCC model LandGem model Greenhouse gases (GHG) Municipal solid waste (MSW)

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High-Speed Railway Vibrations-An Approach to Tackle Dynamic Instability 4th

High-Speed Railway Vibrations-An Approach to Tackle Dynamic ...

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4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG)

作者： Hosseinzadeh, Saeed Schouten, Peter Schulz, Gerhard Arcadis NL-6814 DV Arnhem Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783030772383;9783030772376

The experience with the first generation of high-speed railway lines (HSR) has shown that the cyclic-dynamic impact should be considered in order to limit maintenance efforts, disturbance of operations and increase passenger comfort. Due to the country-specific conditions, different methodologies and requirements are applied by different railway authorities. Serviceability and stability requirements need to include the cyclic-dynamic impact. If the operational train speed exceeds the surface Rayleigh wave velocity in soil, deformations will be amplified, which may cause damages to railway tracks or set a demand for extensive maintenance influencing operation of a line. Therefore, it should be ensured that embankment and subsoil conditions meet the required capacity;and that maximum operation speed could be achieved without damages or limitations. It is commonly accepted that the Rayleigh wave velocity associated with generated vibration is identified as being the criterion to be achieved to mitigate the risk of amplifications of ground movements and deterioration of the track system. This is currently considered the state-of-the-art approach by most railway authorities. However, from existing projects in different countries, it seems that the ultimate criterion is dynamic displacements which should be considered along with Rayleigh wave velocity in order to limit maintenance efforts and to increase passenger comfort. This paper aims to discuss the criteria required for a proper design of HSR including a methodology, with showcasing examples of projects both in Germany and the Netherlands.

关键词： Railway vibrations Cyclic-dynamic impact High-speed rail

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Application of Random Forest Model to Determine Unconfined Compressive Strength of the Soil-Cement Mixture 6th

Application of Random Forest Model to Determine Unconfined C...

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6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： Loi Van Giap Tuan Anh Pham Huong-Lan Thi Vu Univ Transport Technol Hanoi 100000 Vietnam

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

Soil-cement mixture is one of the commonly used ground reinforcement solutions in geotechnical engineering. In this study, the main objective is to apply a Machine Learning (ML) method namely, Random Forest (RF), and an optimization method namely Random search (RS) to predict unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the soil-cement mixture. A total of 216 soil-cement samples were mixed in the laboratory and compressed to estimate the unconfined compressive strength, in which fourteen input variables, while the UCS of the mixture was considered the output variable. This data is divided into two parts of the training data set (80%) and the testing set (20%) to train and test the model, respectively. To verify the performance of the RFmodel, various criteria named R-squared (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and root means squared error (RMSE) was used. The results show that RF is an effective method to predict the UCS of soil-cement mixtures with a performance indicator of R2 = 0.885, MAE = 224.611 (kPa), RMSE = 286.668 (kPa) on the testing set. In addition, feature important analysis showed that the amount of cement is the most important input variable to estimate the UCS of soil-cement mixtures. This study showed the potential of the RS-RF model in developing tools to quickly predict the UCS of the soil-cement mixture.

关键词： Random forest Unconfined compressive strength Random search Cement-soil mixture Feature important analysis

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Seismic Force Demands on the Foundations of Concentrically Braced Frame Systems 10th

Seismic Force Demands on the Foundations of Concentrically B...

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10th International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA)

作者： Madani, Hamid M. Wiebe, Lydell Koboevic, Sanda Guo, Peijun McMaster Univ Dept Civil Engn Hamilton ON Canada Polytech Montreal Dept Civil Engn Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031038136;9783031038112;9783031038105

Concentrically braced frames (CBFs) are widely used as lateral force-resisting systems in North America. Canadian seismic design requirements for building foundations distinguish between two foundation types: capacity protected and non-capacity protected (commonly known as "rocking" foundation). For steel bracing systems such as CBFs, there are major ambiguities in how to calculate the foundation design forces, as the governing force for both foundation types is influenced by the capacity of the braces, which have an uncertain overstrength, and by the timing of braces reaching their peak force, which may or may not be simultaneous. In addition, the superstructure, foundation, and underlying soil interact in response to seismic loads, which further influences design force estimates. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the actual force demands on CBF foundations. This study considers example 2-storey and 5-storey steel frame buildings with tension-compression X-bracing, designed for Vancouver, Canada, in accordance with the 2015 National Building Code and the Canadian steel and concrete design standards. The increased drifts of the braced bay caused by foundation rotations are assessed using simplified procedures and included in the design. The buildings are analyzed using advanced numerical models in OpenSees, including brace buckling and P-Delta effects. The results obtained for fixed-base conditions are compared to those including foundation flexibility. For the latter, the effects of soil-structure interaction are represented using nonlinear spring models that can capture foundation rocking and sliding as well as the soil settlement. The results of this study confirm that the Canadian concrete standard estimates reasonably well the demands on the foundations regardless of foundation flexibility but suggest that further study is needed to verify this more reliably.

关键词： Concentrically braced frame Seismic demand Soil-foundation-structure interaction Nonlinear analysis

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Development of a BIM-Based Master Digital Model Using Data-Driven Design for the Suspension Bridge 6th

Development of a BIM-Based Master Digital Model Using Data-D...

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6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： NgocSon Dang Rho, GiTae Shim, ChangSu Chung Ang Univ Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

Long-span cable-supported bridges are increasingly used to bridge a longer distance with a higher clearance than the other bridge types and their impressive aesthetic appearance. However, owing to challenging dynamic engineering practices, the suspension bridges, in particular, require accumulated design and construction technologies. Moreover, as themost distinctivemechanical property of the cable structures, different applied tension generates different lateral stiffness on the main cable. Without an integrated analysis model, the realistic profile of the cable structures cannot be determined. In this regard, this paper proposes a master digital model for a suspension bridge based on the data-driven approach formultiple purposes, including the structural assessment aspect. The Building Information Modeling (BIM) technique is a key factor to creating and federate all the essential engineering knowledge data regarding a suspension bridge. At first, a data schema for the suspension bridge's main structures is created and based on that, the database for each structural member is defined. The BIM authoring using the data-driven design is proposed to generate all the individual structural members then assembly to make the entire initial model for the suspension bridge. Metadata is linked, and any efficient revisions concerning varying situations during the construction process can be easily updated into the digitalmodel through the change of database. Finally, an analysis model is integrated into this initial model to create the federated master digital model. The advantage of this master digital model lies in the capability to continuously perform the bridge system's stability analyses at any erection step. Furthermore, it makes the digital representation of the main cable and suspended bridge structures more dynamic, no longer just rigid objects in the general commercial BIM model. A prototyping master digital model was developed for an existing bridge is introduced a

关键词： BIM Data-driven design Master digital model Suspension bridge

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Fire Resistance Performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Columns 6th

Fire Resistance Performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concre...

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6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： Mohamed, Zitouni Belkacem, Lamri Abdelhak, Kada Hassiba Benbouali Univ Chlef Fac Civil Engn & Architecture Dept Civil Engn Chlef Algeria

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

The behavior of the reinforced concrete material can be modified by adding a percentage of glass fibers which depend on their characteristics such as type, shape, volume, or weight content. These fibers are characterized by high tensile strength, perfect elasticity, high tightness, good thermal stability and thermal insulation. In this paper, the behavior of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) columns with varying glass fiber volume content (1 and 1.5%) under elevated temperatures and axial compressive loading is numerically studied in order to evaluate the effect of adding glass fibers on the behavior of RC columns under elevated temperatures. A reinforced concrete (RC) column without fibers is used as a control sample. The study is carried out using the ANSYS software where the temperatures due to the fire are applied according to the standard ISO834 fire model. In evaluating the fire behavior of the columns, geometric and material nonlinearities are considered. The results show when glass fiber is added to reinforced column, the load carrying capacity and displacement of reinforced column increase. Adding glass fibers to reinforced concrete columns provides better protection to rebar under elevated temperatures. The percentages of decreasing the ultimate load under elevated temperature were considerably less in GFRC columns compared to that in RC columns.

关键词： Elevated temperature Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Concrete columns Finite element method

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Mechanical Characterization of a Basalt Fabric for TRM Composites: Role of the Test Variables 10th

Mechanical Characterization of a Basalt Fabric for TRM Compo...

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： D'Anna, Jennifer Amato, Giuseppina Chen, Jian Fei Minafo, Giovanni La Mendola, Lidia Univ Palermo Dept Engn Palermo Italy Queens Univ Belfast Sch Nat & Built Environm David Keir Bldg Belfast Antrim North Ireland Southern Univ Sci & Technol Dept Ocean Sci & Engn Shenzhen Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

Textile reinforced mortar (TRM) materials are currently receiving great attention for the strengthening of reinforced concrete and masonry structural elements. Mortars with different strength classes have been coupled with different kind of synthetic fabrics, such as carbon, glass, steel, PBO. Recently natural fibres and, in particular, basalt fibres are receiving increasing interest since they proved to be a promising alternative to the most common synthetic fabrics, thanks to the reduced production costs and the consequent benefits in terms of environmental impact. This paper presents an experimental investigation comprising forty-one monotonic tensile tests on textile strips made with a primed basalt fibre bidirectional grid. The tests were performed considering the influence of different setup variables, such as the clamping system, the size of the specimens, the measurement device and the testing elongation rate. Part of the tests was carried out by using a video-extensometer for the measurement of the strains, taking advantage from the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The goal of the work was to find the most suitable configuration for the mechanical characterization of basalt grids, in order to fully exploit the tensile strength. The results showed to be influenced by the different test setup parameters considered. In particular, the outcomes were affected by the slippage of the grid at the gripping zone and by the testing rate.

关键词： TRM composites Basalt textile Experimental investigation Tensile tests Digital image correlation (DIC)

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Experimental Study on Shear Strength and Failure Mechanisms of Concrete Dowel in Shallow-Hollow Composite Beam 6th

Experimental Study on Shear Strength and Failure Mechanisms ...

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6th International Conference on Geotechnics, civil engineering and Structures (CIGOS)

作者： Han, Ngoc-Duc Vu, Anh-Tuan Nguyen, Dinh-Hoa Nguyen, Trung-Kien Nguyen, Van-Cuong Hanoi Univ Civil Engn Dept Steel & Timber Struct Fac Bldg & Ind Construct Hanoi Vietnam Hanoi Univ Civil Engn Consultancy Co Hanoi Vietnam

ISBN: (纸本)9789811671609;9789811671593

Recently, many types of the composite shallow beam have been developed in order to minimize the depth of floor-beam structures and to save the cost of headed-shear studs. In this new type of composite structure, the shallow-hollow composite beam consists of web openings, filled with in-situ concrete (concrete dowel). This article presents an experimental study to investigate shear strength and shear transferring mechanism of the concrete dowel with trapezoid shape. A series of static push-out tests have been conducted. The tested results provide information on the behavior and shear performance of the specimen. Shear transferring of concrete-filled web opening connectors reveals that the concrete dowel behavior could be divided into crushing, compression, and tension zones.

关键词： Concrete dowel Shallow-hollow composite beam Push-out test

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Experimental Analysis of RC Beams Preloaded, Repaired and Flexural Strengthened with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) 10th

Experimental Analysis of RC Beams Preloaded, Repaired and Fl...

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10th International Conference on Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites in civil engineering (CICE)

作者： Santos, Juliane da Costa da Costa Santos, Ana Caroline Archbold, Paul Kuster Puppi, Rogerio Francisco Univ Tecnol Fed Parana Dept Civil Engn Curitiba Parana Brazil Athlone Inst Technol Fac Engn & Informat Dublin Rd Athlone Co Westmeath Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783030881665;9783030881658

Concrete is a material widely applicable in structures all over the world. Therefore, its deterioration and problems caused over time are inevitable. Considering this fact, the structures of concrete recovery is a real need. There are numerous techniques structural recover and repair. The system using carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is among them. CFRP is lightweight, presents high tensile strength and is easy to be installed. This research presents an experimental analysis about the monotonic flexural behaviour and ultimate capacity of ten reinforced concrete beams partially damaged and cracked after preloading in flexure. The beams were externally repaired using one or two layers of CFRP fabrics and bonded with epoxy resin over a pre-treated substrate aiming better adhesion. Each beam was loaded and tested by a flexural tensile strength in four points bending test. The ultimate load and maximum deflection were recorded. The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the CFRP as strengthening of the damaged structure of reinforced concrete. It was observed that specimens strengthened with one layer of CFRP increased, in average, 49,70% of the flexural tensile strength while using two layers improved it in 56,66% when compared to the control beams with no additional external reinforcement. When analysing the actual behaviour of the CFRP reinforced beams with the designed, it was observed an average achievement 4,65% less than the expected for the group using one layer and 5,05% less with 2 layers of CFRP. Therefore, the accuracy of the results was satisfactory when compared to previous values obtained. During the structural analysis, it was observed that the shear force caused the failure of the beams. Additionally, it was verified the effectiveness of the CFRP when used as an external strengthening to recover the damaged structures of reinforced concrete studied, submitted to their ultimate flexural tensile load.

关键词： Structural strengthening Reinforced concrete Structural repairs CFRP Carbon fibre

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