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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

共 6940 条记录，以下是491-500 订阅

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Sustainable Materials for Highly Insulated Window Frames: Thermal Performance and Finite Elements Modelling 9th

Sustainable Materials for Highly Insulated Window Frames: Th...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Cannavale, Alessandro Liuzzi, Stefania Rubino, Chiara De Carlo, Vincenzo Ayr, Ubaldo Martellotta, Francesco Tech Univ Bari Dept Architecture Construct & Design DArCoD Via Orabona 4 I-70125 Bari Italy Ist Nanotecnol CNR Nanotec Via Arnesano 16 I-73100 Lecce Italy Finestra Italiana S r l Via Castellaneta Ind S Basilio I-74017 Mottola Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783199;9789819783175;9789819783168

Research activities dealing with high-performance windows aim at improving glazing and frame thermal properties. The development of sustainable materials with high insulating characteristics may play a pivotal role to increase standards for indoor comfort and energy saving. Within this work, we designed an innovative frame embodying a highly sustainable material deriving from paper waste, acting as an effective "thermal break" for window frames, to consistently reduce the frame conductance. We reported a full thermal characterization of the experimental material and compared the performance of the new frame both with currently used as well as obsolete frames, widely adopted in the existing building stock. Finite element methodwas used to model the frames and assess their thermal figures of merit, according to current technical standards. Frame transmittance of 1.08 W center dot m(-2) center dot K-1 and window transmittance of 0.94 W center dot m(-2) center dot K-1 were calculated, compatible with uses in the most challenging climatic zones, both in new buildings and in energy retrofit or existing constructions.

关键词： Sustainable materials waste finite element modeling window frames

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Modular Radiant Floor Heating and its Effect on Local Thermal Comfort 9th

Modular Radiant Floor Heating and its Effect on Local Therma...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Houtart, Diego Jhang, Han-Yun Licina, Dusan Khovalyg, Dolaana Ecole Polytech Federale Lausanne EPFL Lab Integrated Comfort Engn ICE CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland Ecole Polytech Federale Lausanne EPFL HumanOriented Built Environm Lab HOBEL CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783151;9789819783137;9789819783120

Radiant floor heating is widely recognized for its low-energy consumption and high efficiency. Traditional systems, however, typically heat the entire floor area within a space, conditioning spaces uniformly regardless of occupancy. This study investigates the efficacy of modular radiant floor heating, focusing on part of the floor near the occupied zone versus thermally activating the entire floor area. Utilizing a 62 m(3) climatic chamber and a 22-zone thermal manikin we conducted experiments across 6 different scenarios with heated floor areas ranging from 3 m(2) to 20 m(2), aiming to achieve the same comfort level of the manikin. Mean radiant temperature and radiant temperature asymmetry were measured using novel high-resolution sensors. The results show that smaller heated areas necessitate higher surface temperatures to maintain thermal comfort (e.g., 38 degrees C for 3 m(2), and 29 degrees C for 20 m(2)). The highest radiant asymmetry was observed in scenarios with single-section activation, while lateral asymmetry peaked with two sections, one on the side. Altering the orientation of heated sections while maintaining the same heated surface area resulted in varied thermal environments. Although modular floor heating induced greater radiant asymmetry compared to uniform floor heating, it remained below the threshold for local discomfort, suggesting a viable pathway to improved energy efficiency and occupant-specific thermal comfort. Further investigation of the modular radiant heating performance requires evaluating its energy efficiency and assessing local comfort with real human participants.

关键词： Radiant Floor Local Heating Thermal Asymmetry Thermal Manikin

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Numerical Analysis of Representative Inverted Pavement Incorporating Cross-Anisotropic Material Properties for Unbound Granular Layers 5th

Numerical Analysis of Representative Inverted Pavement Incor...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Rodriguez, Edgar Ashtiani, Reza Weingart, Randy Univ Texas El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA US Air Force Acad Colorado Springs CO USA StoneWood Enterprises Richmond VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782192;9789819782178;9789819782161

Unbound aggregate base (UAB) layers in multilayer pavement systems exhibit an intrinsic anisotropy that is characterized by directionally dependent material properties. This anisotropic nature is evident prior to experiencing traffic loads and partly arises from the random compaction-induced arrangement of the particles. The level of anisotropy substantially impacts pavement performance. To emphasize the influence of anisotropy, a finite element (FE) model for an inverted pavement structure was developed, considering varying ratios of horizontal Modulus (E-x) to vertical Modulus (E-y) for the UAB layer. The numerical simulation was based on the layer configuration of a full-scale inverted pavement constructed in Bull Run Route 659 in Virginia, consisting of an asphalt-wearing course, an UAB layer at the bottom, and an underlying cement-treated layer placed on top of the subgrade (SG) soil. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) data were used to back-calculate the moduli of the layers. To validate the model, computed stresses and strains were compared to field measurements obtained from instruments embedded at critical depths within the pavement structure during construction. Pavement responses were modeled by incrementally adjusting the E-x/E-y ratios in steps of 0.1, from 0.1 representing highly anisotropic medium to 1.0 which corresponds to an idealized isotropic behavior. The numerical simulations demonstrate that modeling the UAB layer as a cross-anisotropic medium with a level of anisotropy in the proximities of 0.3 yields superior agreement between the calculated responses and measured data from the field.

关键词： Anisotropy Inverted pavement Numerical simulation

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CLT Walls: Role of Vapour Barriers and Smart Vapour Retarders for Enhanced Durability 9th

CLT Walls: Role of Vapour Barriers and Smart Vapour Retarder...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Morelli, Martin Jensen, Nickolaj Feldt Hansen, Tessa Kvist Bunch Bygningsfys ApS Staktoften 22A DK-2950 Vedbaek Denmark Aalborg Univ DK-2450 Copenhagen Denmark Artelia AS Radgivende Ingeniorer Buddingevej 272 DK-2860 Soborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783076;9789819783052;9789819783045

The interest for wooden constructions is on the rise, and there is a political drive to encourage the use of wood in building projects to mitigate carbon emissions. This paper investigates whether exterior wall constructions made of Cross-laminated timber (CLT) in Nordic climates can be constructed moisture safe, without a vapor barrier made of PE foil. The study is carried out using hygrothermal simulations in WUFI (R) Pro and the theoretical risk of mould growth andwood decay are investigated. Several variations of CLTwalls with and without PE foil, a smart vapour retarder, a traditional wind barrier board, and combinations of membranes and boards are examined. The results indicate that non-critical relative humidity levels are achieved in the CLT element if no vapour barrier is used. In case of built-in moisture in the exterior CLT, results indicate to leave out PE-foils, as they limit the drying process and increases the risk of mould growth and wood decay.

关键词： Cross Laminated Timber Membrane Rain exposure

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Construction Industry Changes Induced by the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of South Korea and the United States

Construction Industry Changes Induced by the COVID-19 Pandem...

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Annual Conference of the Canadian-Society-for-civil-engineering (CSCE)

作者： Kim, Kyudong Tiedmann, Helena R. Faust, Kasey M. Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031615016;9783031614996;9783031614989

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant societal changes, which affected how construction companies run their businesses and how employees work. It also brought about beneficial improvements in the industry. For example, remote meetings have become a part of everyday lives, and technology improvements have been expedited in unprecedented ways. As expected, companies worldwide with varying geopolitical conditions and regulations have implemented measures in response to the pandemic differently. For instance, most South Korean construction companies have continued working in person regardless of where they are employed (e.g., office or construction site), whereas many US companies conducted business entirely from home during lockdowns, at least in the initial pandemic stages. This study compares the pandemic-related changes implemented by construction companies located in two countries with vastly different pandemic-related contexts. Enabling this study is an online survey in November 2022 to construction experts working for various companies in the US and South Korea. The survey prompted participants to select changes that they underwent during the pandemic out of 21 presented options. In this analysis, we seek to compare how companies in the two countries implemented changes brought on by the pandemic. Findings showed that US construction companies had to adopt more changes (e.g., remote work, technological advancements) than South Korean companies as a result of economic and governmental circumstances. Such abrupt changes for overcoming challenges posed by the pandemic may have long-term benefits to construction companies and the industry overall.

关键词： Change in construction industry The pandemic US and Korea

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A Method to Increase the Efficiency of Groundwater Heat Pump in Japanese Traditional Residential Community as a Part of Net-Zero Energy Community Proposal 9th

A Method to Increase the Efficiency of Groundwater Heat Pump...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Liu, Pei Iba, Chiemi Kyoto Univ Nishikyo Ku Kyoto 6158540 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783151;9789819783137;9789819783120

Kyo-machiya is a type of traditional residence in Kyoto, Japan. These houses are the principal component of the streetscape in Kyoto City. In accord with the Japanese national carbon neutralization goal and the city ordinance on Kyo-machiya preservation and regeneration, an energy-saving renovation plan for achieving a net-zero energy community for Kyo-machiya is under discussion. Most Kyo-machiya have a shallow well, where utilizing the well water as the heat source for a groundwater heat pump (GWHP) is feasible. However, the efficiency of the heat pump decreases with continual operation due to the decrease of the water temperature. In previous research, a drainage pump was used to increase the heat-replenishment speed, which increased the efficiency of the heat pump. However, due to the small water storage capacity of the well, the drainage pump had to work intermittently, which limited the improvement. In this study, we similarly tried to improve the efficiency of the heat pump by drainage, but instead of conducting this process in the heat exchange well, we utilized the drainage in one or more downstream well. With this strategy, the possible drainage duration was unlimited because the process can be executed in a few wells alternately or simultaneously. The strategy is simulated herein using a finite difference model. The results showed that the strategy is effective within a certain distance. With this improved strategy, the GWHP-drainage system in the community is expected to work coordinately, and energy costs for air-conditioning in the community are expected to be decreased.

关键词： Kyo-machiya Groundwater Heat Pump Net-Zero Energy Community

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Vertical Greenery Systems for Building Stock 11th

Vertical Greenery Systems for Building Stock

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11th International Conference of Ar.Tec.

作者： Lo Faro, Alessandro Moschella, Angela Lombardo, Grazia Sciuto, Gaetano Univ Catania I-95123 Catania Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031718694;9783031718670;9783031718663

The 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation. In this sense, greening strategies can help achieve this goal as well as improve the environmental, psychological, and social quality of cities. Nature Based Solutions (NBS) constitute one of the strategies that address both adaptation and mitigation of climate change. In the urban context, NBS are translated into Green Infrastructures (GI) i.e. greening of private and public land with trees and hedges, Green Roofs (GR) and Vertical Greenery System (VGS). The greening systems when applied on new buildings, for instance Bosco verticale (Stefano Boeri, 2009_2014) or Caixa Forum (Herzog & de Meuron, 2003_2008), just to mention the most famous ones, became one of those requirements which the design in based on;instead, when we deal with urban regeneration and building renovation/retrofitting design it is necessary to choose the greening strategy that accounts the constraints dictated by existing buildings related to geometry, load bearing structure, architectural and technological aspects. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of VGS on the existing building stock and their role in summer comfort, starting from the classification of building types used in the most recent architectural projects. The study provides a premise for the transfer of this technology as a useful strategy in greening interventions on the building stock.

关键词： Built environment Building retrofit Green facade Living wall

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Experimental Tests on Hemp-Reinforced Adobe Bricks 5th

Experimental Tests on Hemp-Reinforced Adobe Bricks

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5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Meglio, Emilia Formisano, Antonio Univ Naples Federico II Dept Structures Engn & Architecture Naples Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873140;9783031873126;9783031873119

In the pursuit of reducing the environmental impact of construction, minimizing land consumption, and promoting sustainable building systems, the use of adobe bricks reinforced with hemp offers a promising revival of traditional, eco-friendly building methods. This research specifically investigates the physical and mechanical characteristics of bricks made from a blend of adobe and hemp, aiming to enhance structural performance while maintaining sustainability. The study involved producing adobe bricks that were naturally sun-dried and prepared solely with water, without any added chemicals or stabilizing agents. Reinforcement was incorporated through hemp fibres or hurds, introduced in varying percentages and lengths to examine their effects on brick performance. The initial research phase focused on determining the optimal water content needed to achieve a uniform, semi-solid or plastic mixture. This entailed accounting for both the clay's properties and the hemp's water absorption capacity. Once the ideal mix design was established, brick specimens were formed, and their shrinkage during drying was measured to evaluate stability. The mechanical properties of the bricks were assessed through three-point bending and compression tests. The findings indicate that hemp reinforcement, in specific configurations, effectively limits shrinkage and enhances the compressive strength of the adobe bricks, demonstrating a viable option for sustainable construction materials. These results suggest that adobe bricks with hemp reinforcement could serve as an eco-sustainable material, combining traditional techniques with modern requirements for strength and durability.

关键词： Adobe Bricks Experimental Tests Natural Fibres Hemp Bio-composite Materials

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A Perspective on Stabilizing Landslides and Slopes in Challenging Terrain Using Rigid Structural Elements 5th

A Perspective on Stabilizing Landslides and Slopes in Challe...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Kostaschuk, Rod Devonald, Martin Gilazghi, Simon Breckon, Cam Stirling, Jan BGC Engn Inc Vancouver BC V6Z 0R3 Canada BGC Engn Inc Edmonton AB T5J 4A1 Canada BGC Engn Pty Ltd Brisbane Qld 4101 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782437;9789819782413;9789819782406

In challenging geologic and topographic conditions, traditional earthworks and drainage measures maybe unfeasible, impractical, or insufficient, and rigid structural elements are used to stabilize existing landslides and to enhance the stability of slopes for transportation projects. Rigid elements commonly used for slope stabilization include drilled shafts or driven piles for passive slope support, retaining structures, and post-tensioned ground anchors for active support. A perspective is provided on these types of rigid inclusions using experiences from landslide and slope stabilization projects in the challenging, glaciated, and mountainous geography of western Canada. The perspective includes key considerations in the selection of the most effective structural support elements and integrating structural support with traditional earthworks and drainage measures for the optimal overall geotechnical approach to design. Geotechnical and structural monitoring results from completed landslide stabilization projects are described to illustrate the effectiveness of the rigid elements during and after construction. Important learnings from construction are provided, and results of geotechnical instrumentation are evaluated and interpreted. Based on experiences from several geotechnical designers and projects, the authors provide a summary of the site conditions that influence the selection of rigid inclusions and structural support for the stabilization of steep slopes.

关键词： Landslide stabilization Anchored slopes Pile-supported slopes

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Roofs Passive Cooling Performance Through Air Permeability of Tiles: Development of a Standardized Laboratory Assessment Method 9th

Roofs Passive Cooling Performance Through Air Permeability o...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Di Giuseppe, Elisa Gianangeli, Andrea Ferrari, Benedetta Latini, Arianna D'Orazio, Marco Univ Politecn Marche I-60131 Ancona Italy Ctr Ceram I-40131 Bologna Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

Ventilated roofs with clay tiles significantly reduce the incoming thermal heat in summer season, based on "above sheathing" and "under-tile" ventilation concepts ("Ventilated and Permeable Roofs", VPR). The European LIFE HEROTILE project developed an innovative "Herotile", designed with an improved aerodynamic shape, optimizing its air permeability while maintaining waterproofness. The project demonstrated the effectiveness of the "Herotiles-based roof" (HBR) in reducing cooling energy compared to other roofing solutions. Although this technological advancement and the well-established benefits of roof ventilation, the potential of VPR/HBR solutions is still poorly recognized at regulation levels, thus limiting their replicability and transferability. One of the actions of the new LIFE SUPERHERO project aims to overcome this barrier by developing a standardized test method to assess the air permeability of tiled roofs and then a recognized classification way for covering products, based on their ventilation performance. A round-robin test has been arranged in three independent laboratories. It consists of blowing or aspirating air down a pipe into a plenum chamber covered by an assembly of tiles. The measured air pressure differences and volume airflow rates are used to determine the air permeability of the assembly. In this work, the developed test method is presented, together with the preliminary results obtained on several tiles typologies available on the market (curved, flat or Herotiles). The outcomes confirm the impact of the tiles shape on the air permeability. Future developments entail the proposal to include the standardized test method in a European Assessment Document or in a CEN standard.

关键词： Roof Tile Passive Cooling Air Permeability Ventilation Laboratory testing

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