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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

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Wood Industry Wastes Valorisation and Reuse for a Greener Architecture 11th

Wood Industry Wastes Valorisation and Reuse for a Greener Ar...

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11th International Conference of Ar.Tec.

作者： Leone, Rosanna Campisi, Tiziana Saeli, Manfredi Univ Palermo Dept Engn Viale SciBld 8 I-90128 Palermo Italy Univ Palermo Dept Architecture Viale Sci Bld 8-14 I-90128 Palermo Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031718656;9783031718632;9783031718625

This study is part of a PhD research supported by PNRR aimed to provide concrete actions to implement greener constructive practices in response to the EU Green Deal and the demand of sustainability in construction. In particular, this paper analyses how wastes from the wood industry can be reused for applications in construction, in light of the circular economy (CE) and the industrial symbiosis. The analysed wastes derive from various processes and their heterogeneous nature often makes their incorporation into novel products complex. Additionally, they may contain contaminants, such as glues or chemicals, that may limit the reuse options or require special handling procedures. However, by addressing these issues through appropriate manufacturing processes and sustainable practices, wood waste reuse can offer significant environmental benefits, such as reducing wastes quantity and saving natural resources, or technological benefits by bringing innovation and sustainability to the sector. Once wood assortments' manufacture was briefly outlined, the various types of waste resultant from each processing phase are analysed to explore possible recycling opportunities and identify challenges and prospects for more efficient, rational, and sustainable management. The study proposed here, focuses on the analysis of materials, products and systems that reuse wastes from the wood industry and the possible applications in construction. Among these, for example, thermoacoustic panels, polymer-based biocomposites, wood-cement panels and blocks are discussed. Furthermore, attention is given to microlaminated wood technology, currently considered a technological implementation to traditional laminated wood. Finally, the crucial role of wood waste recycling as a CE approach is underlined, emphasizing the fundamental contribution to environmental sustainability, the mitigation of climate change, and the creation of new markets and jobs in the construction context.

关键词： Wood Waste Circular Economy Industrial Symbiosis Environmental Sustainability Innovative Materials

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A Small-Scale Test Setup for Measurement of Moisture in Wall Assemblies During Runoff Wetting and Drying 9th

A Small-Scale Test Setup for Measurement of Moisture in Wall...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Karim, Ali Naman Kalagasidis, Angela Sasic Johansson, Par Chalmers Univ Technol Dept Architecture & Civil Engn Div Bldg Technol S-41296 Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783076;9789819783052;9789819783045

Rainwater leakage through facades poses a significant risk of moisture damage in building envelopes. This requires testing of new wall assemblies adjusted to prevailing local climate conditions. Existing standardized laboratory tests for watertightness, particularly against wind-driven rain, are often resource-intensive and involve extreme conditions primarily applicable to high-rise buildings. Moreover, these tests rely on a pass/fail criterion, limiting quantitative data collection under prevailing wetting scenarios. To address these challenges, a small-scale laboratory test setup was developed to replicate rainwater runoff wetting based on historical wind-driven rain intensities in Swedish climates. The aim of the setup design is to enhance efficiency, ease of use, and real-time monitoring of moisture conditions during wetting and drying phases. To verify its performance, the moisture performance of a commercial coating system with aerogel-based coating mortar (ACM-system), new to the Swedish market, was tested. ACM-systems, typically 50 mm thick, comprise multiple layers of ordinary coating mortars and 40 mm of ACM, known for its low thermal conductivity of 30-50 mW/(m center dot K). Various surface water-repellent properties, with and without a horizontal crack measuring 1 +/- 0.5 mm in width, were applied. The results show that the setup and integrated monitoring system gives replicable quantitative data for measuring moisture conditions during wetting and drying phases.

关键词： Runoff wetting small-scale testing coating mortar render driving rain

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Life Cycle Assessment of Ground Improvement Methods to Enhance the Efficiency of Thermo-Active Geostructures Within Transport Infrastructure 5th

Life Cycle Assessment of Ground Improvement Methods to Enhan...

引用

5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Balwit-Cheung, Natasha Beh, Maxine Rengaraju, Sripriya Al-Tabbaa, Abir Univ Cambridge Dept Engn Cambridge CB2 1PZ England

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782390;9789819782376;9789819782369

The integration of ground source energy systems with geostructures included in large transport projects-such as tunnels, pavements, retaining walls, and pile foundations-has multiple advantages. Harvesting geothermal energy from geostructures can provide operational energy savings by providing direct geothermal energy for space heating and cooling, deicing of pavements, etc. Incorporating multiple applications into one construction process streamlines construction and reduces cost, and in cases such as road tunnels, where excess heat is generated by traffic, the heat generated from activity and use of the infrastructure can be repurposed rather than wasted. Harnessing the full potential of ground source energy requires collecting and using the energy as efficiently as possible. Tailored ground improvement can assist in increasing the thermal conductivity of the soil surrounding energy geostructures, thereby increasing the efficiency and longevity of each system by allowing for faster heat extraction and dissipation. This article includes the use of life cycle assessment to estimate and assess the environmental impacts of several ground improvement strategies for a thermo-active pile over the full project lifetime, and explores key challenges and technical considerations related to the application of life cycle assessment to ground source energy systems in the context of transport infrastructure. The results of this analysis demonstrate the importance of weighing the environmental impacts of ground improvement additives against their role in improving the efficiency of ground source energy systems. This research is part of a UK government funded project SaFEGround (Sustainable, Flexible and Efficient Ground source heating and cooling systems) which aims to investigate, through multi-scale modelling and assessment, how ground source energy systems can be coupled with geostructures to deliver low-cost, low-carbon heating and cooling.

关键词： Ground source heat pump Ground improvement Thermo-active geostructure Energy pile Life cycle assessment

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An Analysis of Building Occupancy Patterns Based on Time Use Survey Data 9th

An Analysis of Building Occupancy Patterns Based on Time Use...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Banfi, Alessia Ferrando, Martina Malik, Jeetika Hong, Tianzhen Causone, Francesco Politecn Milan Energy Dept Via Lambruschini 4 I-20156 Milan Italy Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab 1 Cyclotron Rd Berkeley CA 94720 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

Understanding occupant behavior (OB) is crucial for accurate building performance simulations. Most existing tools rely on a single, static set of user schedules, overlooking the inherent variability, and diversity of human behavior. This leads to inaccurate energy predictions and limitations in scaling simulations to urban contexts. This study explores the daily occupancy patterns of individuals across diverse building types using data from the 2013 Italian Time Use Survey. Cluster analysis identifies 18 recurrent patterns distinct for weekdays, Saturdays, and Sundays, further investigated through sociodemographic correlations. This innovative approach focuses on individuals' daily movements across urban spaces, not just single building types, providing versatile results for diverse case studies and urban scale applications.

关键词： Building Occupancy Time Use Survey (TUS) Clustering Building Performance Simulation (BPS) Urban Building Energy Modelling (UBEM)

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A BIM-Based Assessment Method for Reusing Components from Existing Precast Concrete Buildings 20th

A BIM-Based Assessment Method for Reusing Components from Ex...

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20th International Conference on Computing in civil and Building engineering-ICCCBE

作者： Al-Jawhar, Husam Thermou, Georgia Osorio-Sandoval, Carlos Tokbolat, Serik Univ Nottingham Univ Pk Nottingham NG7 2RD England

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842108;9783031842085;9783031842078

Reusing concrete components is a promising solution for mitigating the environmental impact of waste generated by construction and demolition activities. This study aims to contribute to this effort by assessing the reusability of existing precast concrete components before they are used in new structures via the development of a Building Information Modelling (BIM)-based methodology. The first step of the procedure involves the identification of the components that pass the component condition criterion. In the next stage, the disassembly ability of the selected components is assessed. An automated sequential disassembly plan is developed by ensuring that the component does not host another component, has no fasteners, and identifies the directions for disassembly. This plan facilitates the isolation of the components that can be reused and then calculates the other criteria defined in this study for these components. These criteria are the load-bearing capacity, the cost, the environmental impact, and the duration of deconstruction. This data is essential in determining the total value of each component and the overall possible reduction in the carbon footprint achieved through the reuse of these components. The result will be a model visualisation of the component that can be reused and a report containing all this information essential for matching it with the new design. Furthermore, this report includes detailed sequential disassembly planning, facilitating streamlined deconstruction processes.

关键词： BIM Circular Economy Reusability Assessment Carbon Footprint

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Reproduction of Moisture Absorption and Permeation in Porous Building Materials Using Hygrothermal Analysis Assuming Heterogeneity and Local Non-equilibrium 9th

Reproduction of Moisture Absorption and Permeation in Porous...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Iwamoto, Satoshi Fukui, Kazuma Takada, Satoru Kobe Univ 1-1 Rokkodaicho Nada Ku Kobe Hyogo 6578501 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783076;9789819783052;9789819783045

In the majority of hygrothermal simulations concerning building materials, moisture transfer is based on Fick's law, with the assumption of uniform material properties and local equilibrium between liquid and vapor phases. However, the calculated moisture content has been found to change more rapidly than that observed in the vapor absorption process. This study investigated the application of models considering material property heterogeneity and local non-equilibrium, aiming to reproduce the results of moisture absorption and permeation experiments. In a moisture absorption experiment, vapor absorption by a dried aerated concrete specimen was observed. In a moisture permeation experiment, a jar upper was sealed by a specimen, with the relative humidity outside the jar kept constant at a high value, and the humidity change from a low value inside the jar was measured. The results of the moisture absorption experiment showed that the moisture content of the specimen increased gradually over hundreds of days, whereas for the moisture permeation experiment, the relative humidity inside the jar stabilized within approximately a week. Models based on homogeneity and local equilibrium predicted moisture absorption at a rate much faster than the experimental results. After incorporating assumptions of heterogeneity or local non-equilibrium, by identifying suitable values for local resistance to vapor transfer or phase change, the calculation results for both moisture absorption and permeation processes were close to the measured results. This would suggest the necessity of considering local resistance to vapor transfer or phase change to explain the moisture transfer at least for autoclaved aerated concrete.

关键词： porous building material hygrothermal simulation moisture property vapor permeability Fick's law

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Sustainable Underground Gallery Construction Below Dam Body

Sustainable Underground Gallery Construction Below Dam Body

引用

2023 International Conference on Environmental Geotechnology, Recycled Waste Materials and Sustainable engineering

作者： Mauriya, Vinod Kumar NTPC Ltd EOC Hyderabad 500080 Telangana India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783953;9789819783939;9789819783922

In NTPC's one hydro project, out of network of underground galleries, one Gallery#6 is constructed at 21 m below Dam's deepest foundation level. It has circular (3.0 m dia, 161 m long) cross-section with sub-horizontal base and concrete lining. High inflow was anticipated inside despite exhaustive grouting campaigns. Therefore, to understand the impact on the level of water table, contour level map of water table in the rock foundation was done. Through water table mapping, deficiency of its water tightness is worked out for additional measures. Water pressure tests were carried out to observe efficacy of the grouting. To meet the design requirement of allowed seepage limits, grouting was necessitated under prevailing geological conditions. Various chemical grouting operations were explored but not found suitable under prevailing water and pressure conditions. Therefore, a quick setting time grout mix with appropriate grouting methodology was formulated, in order to be able to grout rock and concrete in artesian conditions. With adequate contact and consolidation grouting, seepage along the walls of gallery was reduced, however, still some seepage was remaining from invert of gallery. Considering condition of invert and construction joints, 250 mm thick second-stage concrete was provided at invert. With above measures, seepage reduced to 350 L/min and water level inside the gallery was significantly reduced to manageable level. Foundation monitoring equipment such as leak measurement weirs and piezometers were installed at suitable locations for monitoring of underground conditions in operating phase. With adopted methodology and techniques, posed challenges in construction including WPT test, grouting and seepage control in Gallery#6, were overcome without affecting the scheduled completion.

关键词： Gallery Dam Grouting Water Pressure Test (WPT)

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Analysis of the Potential of Urban Buildings to Accommodate Roof Photovoltaic Power Generation: A Case Study in Yangpu District, Shanghai 9th

Analysis of the Potential of Urban Buildings to Accommodate ...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Tian, Shuai Zhang, Xinkai Shi, Xing Zhou, Xin Tongji Univ Coll Architecture & Urban Planning Shanghai Peoples R China Minist Educ Key Lab Ecol & Energy Saving Study Dense Habitat Shanghai Peoples R China Southeast Univ Sch Architecture Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

Applying rooftop photovoltaics (RPV) system can significantly reduce the demand for fossil fuels in cities, as well as contributing to sustainability and improving energy security. Accommodating the generated electricity is the primary issue worth investigating during large-scale promotion of RPV. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the accommodation potential of various subjects in the city in advance. This study focuses on assessing the potential of urban building to accommodate the PRVpower generation. Firstly, the power generation ofRPVand building energy consumption of Yangpu district were simulated. Then, the hourly supply and demand match was calculated to analyze the accommodation potential of buildings for local RPV electricity generation. The results showed that the total RPV electricity generation of Yangpu District were 1.82 x 10(9) kWh, and 66.96% of which can be used by buildings, accounting for 15.5% of the building energy consumption. If dividing the study area into 1 km x 1 km square blocks, and establishing microgrid to share RPV power generation among buildings, 92.86% of electricity production can be used. Considering the current solar energy accommodation policy (the accommodation ratio >= 95%), the available solar energy was 3.33 x 10(8) kWh.

关键词： rooftop photovoltaic deep learning UBEM supply-demand match

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The Innovation Imagined for the Window: International Patents in Comparison 11th

The Innovation Imagined for the Window: International Patent...

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11th International Conference of Ar.Tec.

作者： Cernaro, Alessandra Minutoli, Fabio Univ Messina Dept Engn I-98158 Messina Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031718694;9783031718670;9783031718663

The window is an element of the building system that has always been a field of stylistic and technological experimentation. By virtue of belonging to the envelope, it assumes a non-secondary role in the formal composition of facades and affects levels of thermal, luminous, and acoustic comfort. Recently, the aim of environmental sustainability has encouraged the offer of more efficient solutions, also responding to the circular economy, for example by providing for the use of recycled materials. To intercept both the direction taken by the research sector and the direction that industrial production may take, the purpose of the study was to understand what the innovative features of the window will be in the near future;this was done by analysing published patent applications. The methodological approach required prior investigation of patent types and of the territorial extension of their protection. In order to detect current trends on a global scale, interest was directed to international patent applications (PCT - Patent Cooperation Treaty), which allow for the possible protection of the invention in the 157 Treaty countries and which are published in the PATENTSCOPE database of WIPO. In 2023, the chosen year of observation, 195 patent applications were published in the "window" category and 132 were included in the study, selected according to previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The classification was based on the sub-systems identified within the window element (Attachment to the structure;Frame, Sash;Glazing;Screen;Movement and maneuvering;Gasket) and categorised into three innovation areas (A1. Design, A2. Performance, A3. Sustainability), and related sub-areas. The study showed that the area of Sustainability is still lacking;while greater interest on the part of the researchers concerned the area of Performance, and in particular thermal/luminous comfort, with a significant focus on the integration of the smart component in windows.

关键词： Window Patents Design Innovation Performance Innovation Sustainable Innovation

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Daylight Assessment and Implications on the Overall Energy Need in an Office Building: A Case Study 9th

Daylight Assessment and Implications on the Overall Energy N...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Iatauro, Domenico Zinzi, Michele ENEA Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Sustainabl Via Anguillarese 301 I-00123 Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783199;9789819783175;9789819783168

The energy use for lighting represents relevant part in the energy balance of office buildings. For this reason, the correct evaluation of the indoor daylight availability, strictly linked to the weather conditions of the site, is a crucial factor to predict the electric use for lighting with more accuracy than the current relevant standard, implemented in the framework of the EPBD. This study compares the indoor daylight levels in an office building, and the related energy performance, calculated according to the relevant standard EN15193-1:2017 and to dynamic climate-based simulation, based on hourly weather data, and those derived by Italian solar radiation dataset. In the latter cases, the electric lighting systems is controlled and switched on/off considering the contribution of daylighting to achieve the visual task set-point. This approach leads to a more realistic evaluation of the daylight autonomy (DA) and, consequently, of the electric lighting demand. In addition to this performance gap assessment, since different operating hours lead to different internal gains, the impact on the space heating and cooling performance of the building is evaluated as well. The simulations, carried out using the EnergyPlus calculation tool, highlighted significant discrepancies in terms of annual energy consumption for lighting (62-78%) and overall energy need. Findings of the study aims at introducing elements of climate-based assessment for a more accurate evaluation of environmental and energy performance and stimulate the upgrade of current standardized approaches, which may lead to relevant performance gap.

关键词： daylight assessment climate-based simulation LENI

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