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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

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Biogenic Local Waste for the Refurbishment of Rural Heritage: The Gualtieri Case Study (Lombardy, Italy) 11th

Biogenic Local Waste for the Refurbishment of Rural Heritage...

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11th International Conference of Ar.Tec.

作者： Speciale, Fernanda Malighetti, Laura Elisabetta Grecchi, Manuela Politecn Milan Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031718694;9783031718670;9783031718663

Can rural buildings be refurbished by exploiting natural waste from local productions? This research aims to achieve implementation and sufficiency objectives by focusing on existing building refurbishment, efficiency improvement, and local natural resources exploitation. The solution being explored is the use of bio-based building materials, which, if well-designed, can offer low or even positive environmental impacts. To avoid land use and ensure not to compete with the food and biofuel sectors, the research focuses on organic waste in a circular approach. The research investigates a replicable workflow for using local bio-based waste in rural refurbishment, from the quantification of waste to the evaluation as building components, to finally assess the impact of their application. The contribution analyzes the state of the art, highlighting the lack of an established methodology for using natural waste in construction. The final goal is to facilitate the integration of these materials into the local construction sector. A case study has been presented to consider a specific geography and government system, starting with examining the Valmalenco Mountain Valley in northern Italy and hypothesizing the refurbishment of the Gualtieri village as a pilot project. The research employed Life Cycle Assessment to investigate the sustainability of different refurbishment scenarios for the case study, employing the semi-static method to determine GWP. Two tiers of study ensued: a primary comparison of biogenic insulation materials based on performance, impact, and cost, and a secondary analysis of three technologies, both conventional and innovative. Finally, a comprehensive examination of impacts was conducted and contrasted with the CasaClima protocol's national performance scale, yielding positive verification.

关键词： Bio-based Materials Rural Settlements Local Organic Waste Refurbishment Strategies Data-driven Design

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Tensile Response of Traditional and Contemporary Connectors in Masonry Cavity Walls with Thick Insulation

Tensile Response of Traditional and Contemporary Connectors ...

引用

2023 Canadian Society for civil engineering Annual Conference

作者： Romero, Danny Tomlinson, Douglas Univ Alberta Edmonton AB Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031615375;9783031615351;9783031615344

Masonry cavity walls are often used as exterior walls in low-rise structures such as warehouses, schools, residential, and retail buildings. Cavity walls are advantageous as they include architectural, structural, and insulation properties in a single system. These walls typically consist of a concrete masonry unit backing, insulation, an air gap, and a brick veneer. Ties connect masonry layers together and transfer out-of-plane loading (such as wind) from the veneer to the backing. There are many ties on the market though many are proprietary. Generic ties are discussed in Canadian masonry standards (CSA S304-14 and CSA A370) with most research on these ties completed decades ago. However, the Canadian National Energy Code for Buildings has been updated with stricter thermal requirements for walls that require thicker insulation as well as thermal bridging to be considered. As part of a larger investigation into the thermal and structural effects of these changes in masonry cavity walls, 31 masonry wallets with cavity widths and materials representative of modern walls were constructed and tested in tension to assess their capacity and failure mechanisms. Two brick types were tested: clay and concrete. Tested ties include z-tie and rectangular ties common in older structures, plate connectors common in contemporary walls, and a novel inclined connector intended to improve wall composite action under longitudinal shear. Results show that, despite the larger cavity widths expected in future walls, all connectors satisfied the minimum requirements of CSA A370. Capacities were lower for z-ties (2.2 kN) and rectangular ties (1.9 kN) than for the plate connectors (4.3 kN) or the novel connectors (6.0 kN) with capacity dependent on the anchorage of the connector into the veneer. Connectors with anchorage ties had more warning of failure as those ties typically yielded before pullout but failures in all systems were controlled by mortar breakout in the brick layer.

关键词： Masonry Anchorage Exterior walls

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Inspection Screening and Damage Visualization by Differential Analysis of Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Data of Bridges 20th

Inspection Screening and Damage Visualization by Differentia...

引用

20th International Conference on Computing in civil and Building engineering-ICCCBE

作者： Kubota, Satoshi San, Yuito Seki, Kazuhiko Kansai Univ Fac Environm & Urban Engn Suita Osaka Japan EYESAY Co Ltd Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842108;9783031842085;9783031842078

In the periodic inspection of bridges, the condition is determined based on visual inspection, and the classification of countermeasures and diagnosis of soundness are conducted to serve. Condition data on the external shape and degree of damage are obtained for reference when utilizing past inspection results and considering maintenance and management plans. Furthermore, periodic inspections must be conducted appropriately while sharing information with other maintenance providers under the division of roles, and it is important to transfer information such as inspection results and repairs. In this study, we proposed a method of extracting damage from three-dimensional point cloud data measured using terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) during a field inspection prior to a periodic inspection in order to perform primary screening to identify damage that is subject to detailed inspection of bridges. We measured a bridge using a TLS and a camera, analyzed the difference between the acquired point cloud data and a reference plane, extracted damage, and verified a simplified method for aligning the point cloud data and the reference plane. The manually created reference plane is aligned with the point cloud data of the bridge, and a difference analysis is performed. The point cloud data were analyzed by subtracting them from the reference plane, and the damage was extracted. The damage extracted from the point cloud data was quantitatively evaluated by differential analysis and compared with the actual size of the damage. In the primary screening of bridge inspections, damage is evaluated in 10 mm in the depth direction and in 50 mm in the width direction. It was verified that the results of the difference analysis satisfied this requirement. These results suggest that the required accuracy can be met, and that the damage extracted using point cloud data can be evaluated.

关键词： Bridge Inspection Three-dimensional Point Cloud Data Heat Map Difference Analysis

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Physics-Based Inverse Model Anomaly Detection in Light Commercial Buildings' AHU Systems 9th

Physics-Based Inverse Model Anomaly Detection in Light Comme...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Soultanzadeh, Milad Babadi Nik-Bakht, Mazdak Ouf, Mohamed M. Paquette, Pierre Lupien, Steve Concordia Univ Bldg Civil & Environm Engn Dept Montreal PQ Canada Strato Automat Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783151;9789819783137;9789819783120

Fault detection and diagnosis in commercial buildings have the potential to yield substantial energy savings. The term "light commercial building" typically refers to commercial buildings that have a surface area of less than 2350 square meters and no more than six stories. These buildings typically rely on relatively simpler HVAC systems that have similar configurations, which facilitates the development of scalable and replicable fault detection approaches. This paper introduces three inverse modeling approaches to establish a baseline for detecting anomalies in Air Handling Unit (AHU) systems within these light commercial buildings. The study aims to characterize AHU thermal loads using optimization techniques: artificial neural networks (ANNs), genetic algorithms (GA), and Physics-based neural networks (PBNN). Anomalies in energy consumption are then identified as deviations from this baseline. AHU data from a light commercial building in Montreal, Canada, is employed for validation. Results indicate superior performance of PBNN in baseline establishment compared to optimization methods. Detected anomalies using PBNN can aid in investigating programming logic faults following ASHRAE Guideline 36. The study underscores the importance of robust anomaly detection methods in enhancing the operational efficiency of AHU systems, particularly in light commercial buildings.

关键词： Air Handling Unit Inverse Model Physics-Based Neural Network Anomaly Detection

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Digital Decision Support System Prototyping for Building Performance Analysis and Management 11th

Digital Decision Support System Prototyping for Building Per...

引用

11th International Conference of Ar.Tec.

作者： Massafra, Angelo Coraglia, Ugo Maria Predari, Giorgia Gulli, Riccardo Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna Bologna Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031718656;9783031718632;9783031718625

The ongoing transformation of the AECO sector towards digitalization has led to a growing need for digital decision support systems (DDSS) to aid in managing built heritage. While there have been many technological improvements in this area, creating these digital tools still demands substantial technical and financial investments and highly specialized IT competencies. To respond to this challenge, this paper presents BTwin, a toolkit developed to facilitate the prototyping processes of DDSSs for performance-oriented building management. This open-source software, implemented in Python, allows for integrating building data from multiple sources into graph networks, such as building information models and building performance simulations, meters, and sensors. This integration capability, supported by specific semantic and ontological rules, is complemented by the possibility of quickly displaying the data on interactive dashboards accessible to non-expert users. After explaining the theoretical framework behind the toolkit, the paper showcases its practical application in a university building, focusing on energy- and occupancy-related topics.

关键词： Built heritage Decision support systems Knowledge graph Digital twin Building information modelling

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Do Teleworkers Buy Bigger Homes and Acquire New Cars? A Survey-Based Analysis of Teleworkers' Behaviors in Canada 9th

Do Teleworkers Buy Bigger Homes and Acquire New Cars? A Surv...

引用

9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Sepanta, Farzam O'Brien, William Carleton Univ Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

Recent widespread adoption of telework induced by COVID-19 showed many jobs could transition to an entirely remote or a hybrid model. This transition might impact teleworkers' preferences to buy bigger homes to have a home office, relocate to remote areas, and acquire a car. However, there is little data to corroborate these relationships. At the same time, it is unclear whether relocations are farther or closer to the workplace. Therefore, the present study aims to gain insights into the impact of teleworkers' behaviors and preferences on the two domains of home and transportation through a survey. The survey is developed based on an earlier model suggested by a comprehensive literature review. The survey is structured to assess the impact of telework on each domain and its interrelationship with the other domain. Participants are recruited through simple random sampling. The results show a very weak reversed relationship between total days of telework (zero days to five days) and home size. Furthermore, telework does not directly impact home size. However, teleworkers who relocated less than 40 km are more likely to acquire a car. The results have major implications for policymakers and employers in terms of using alternative work arrangements in order to reduce their carbon footprint.

关键词： Telework Offices Homes Transportation Car Relocation

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Sustainable Building Solutions: Enhancing Thermo-Acoustic Performance Through Activated Hydrochar in Cement and Lime-Based Plasters 9th

Sustainable Building Solutions: Enhancing Thermo-Acoustic Pe...

引用

9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Santini, Carolina Fabiani, Claudia Barbanera, Marco Cardarelli, Alessandro Pisello, Anna Laura Univ Perugia Dept Engn Via G Duranti 97 I-06125 Perugia Italy Univ Perugia CIRIAF Interunivers Res Ctr Via G Duranti 63 I-06125 Perugia Italy Univ Tuscia Dept Econ Engn Soc & Business Org I-01100 Viterbo Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783076;9789819783052;9789819783045

Over the past few years, there has been a growing trend towards selecting environmentally sustainable construction materials. The incorporation of natural or recycled materials in the construction sector is developing. One particularly promising material is hydrochar, a byproduct of the biomass hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC). The focus of this research is to conduct a thorough multiphysical analysis of cutting-edge cement and lime-based plasters that include activated hydrochar. This innovative approach not only allows for the repurposing of waste but also increases the porosity and surface area of the resulting material. Thermo-acoustic property evaluations were carried out on three samples containing 2%, 4%, and 8% by weight of activated hydrochar, respectively. Additionally, a comparison was made with a sample containing 4% non-activated hydrochar. The results showed that the presence of hydrochar in the plasters led to a decrease in thermal conductivity and significant improvements in acoustic transmission loss. In conclusion, this research highlights the potential of utilizing hydrochar in plasters as a sustainable solution for building applications.

关键词： Hydrochar sustainable plasters thermo-acoustic characterization

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Dynamic Modelling of Interactions Between Building Heating Events 9th

Dynamic Modelling of Interactions Between Building Heating E...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Innerdale, Daniel Thomas Williams, Andrew Morgan Brammer, John Ashcroft, Michael Caldwell, Scott Kiddell, David Sadique, Monower Amoako-Attah, Joseph Davies, Neale Univ Chester Chester CH1 4BJ Cheshire England Endo Enterprises UK Ltd Warrington WA5 7TN Cheshire England Liverpool John Moores Univ Liverpool L2 2QP Merseyside England

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

With high energy prices, more households in fuel poverty and space heating accounting for significant amounts of global CO2 emissions, every effort is required to improve the efficacy and efficiency of building heating systems. There is an opportunity to reduce global CO2 emissions and energy demand within domestic and commercial applications by better utilising heating events. During periods of inactivity, setpoints are often reduced to conserve energy. This decreases building fabric temperature, which must be restored during working hours. This paper quantifies how heating events interact, specifically considering their contribution to subsequent heating events to inform decisions on heating schedules. Using a validated dynamic room model representing a typical UK domestic property, the relationship between room temperature, room temperature history, building fabric and surrounding conditions on the coupling of adjacent heating events was explored. The amount of energy that is usefully retained for the subsequent heating event depends significantly on the duration of the previous heating and cooling periods. For example, a day-long heating event with four heating periods of 1.5 h (duty cycle of 0.25), consumes 9.4% more energy than a single 6.0 h heating period. A small energy pulse was used in the model to track the interactions between specific heating events. It showed that the useful contribution of a heating event to future heating events depended on the time-temperature history of the room, due to the dynamic thermal behaviour of the building fabric.

关键词： Energy savings dynamic thermal model space heating heat loss

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HVAC Strategies for Mitigating the Spread COVID-19 in High-Rise Residential Building 9th

HVAC Strategies for Mitigating the Spread COVID-19 in High-R...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Workneh, B. Usmani, H. Poobalasingam, A. Quach, T. Fung, Alan S. Toronto Metropolitan Univ Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783199;9789819783175;9789819783168

COVID-19 is the new norm around the world. This report evaluates high-rise residential buildings in Toronto and how best to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Various software solutions were used to examine different aspects of this HVAC problem. Eventually, it was decided to supply air directly to each unit so everyone would receive fresh air. A higher ratio of outdoor air in the air mixture was configured. Larger ducts and more powerful fans will need to be installed. A MERV filter rating of 8 was exchanged for a rating of 16 for increased efficiency by 5%. The addition of an external air filter decreases the concentration of the contaminants by 3-4 times more than having the space without it. From the results, the HVAC system should have an Outdoor Air Fraction (OAF) of 40% and MERV-16 filters.

关键词： HVAC COVID-19 ventilation

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Hygrothermal Assessment of Cob Walls in Cold Conditions 9th

Hygrothermal Assessment of Cob Walls in Cold Conditions

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Kabore, Aguerata Ouellet-Plamondon, Claudiane Univ Quebec Ecole Technol Super Montreal H3C IK3 PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783076;9789819783052;9789819783045

This article aims to evaluate the various performances of cob materials integrated into the building envelope with a timber frame through numerical simulations. Energy efficiency assessments specific to 15 cm thick buildings located in cold and humid climates have been conducted with numerical simulations of heat and mass transfer using COMSOL 6.1 and WUFI Pro 6.7 Software. The objective was to evaluate the evaluation of interior surface temperature and the middle humidity of the cob walls. Two conditions were examined: the uninsulated walls (materials evaluation) and the insulated walls (wood/materials/wood). Energy losses or gains were also assessed for the cities of Montreal in Canada, Rennes in France, and Reno in USA. The results showed that for outdoor temperatures ranging from -30 to 25 degrees C, the indoor wall temperatures fluctuated between 13 and 22 degrees C and 13.4 and 23.6 degrees C respectively for cob walls without wood framing. For cob walls with wood framing (wood/cob/wood), the temperatures ranged from 16 to 24 degrees C.

关键词： Numerical simulations cob Wall eco-friendly materials energy efficiency hygrothermal performance

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