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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

共 6967 条记录，以下是661-670 订阅

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Built Heritage Exposed to Fast Moving Landslides. Vulnerability Analyses at the Urban Scale by Indicators 1

引用

5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Tarantino, C. Cascinie, L. Landolfo, R. Univ Naples Federico II Naples Italy

ISBN: (数字)9783031873164

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873188;9783031873164;9783031873157

Over the past few years, The University of Naples "Federico II" and the Southern Apennines River Basin District Authority (DAM) have activated a partnership to implement scientific research on building vulnerability in the procedures of Landslide and Flood risk analysis. In this context, a new methodology has been developed for the evaluation at the urban scale of structural vulnerability of built heritage against fast-moving landslides. Based on research experiences, the new methodology applies the analysis by indicators, the most commonly used in large-scale studies. The method uses both quantitative and qualitative indicators, properly selected among those reported in the scientific literature. The vulnerability of each building is calculated through the aggregation of the values of the indicators, properly weighted depending on their relevance, that has been evaluated on the base of former studies on the post-event survey of damages. The methodology is currently under validation through its application on several areas, historically affected by numerous landslide events, resulting in serious consequences for people and buildings.

关键词： landslide risk built heritage vulnerability analyses multi-criteria methods analyses by indicators

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Investigating the Characteristics and Determinants of Particle Crushing in Coral Reef Sands 2nd

Investigating the Characteristics and Determinants of Partic...

引用

2nd International Conference on Geosynthetics and Environmental engineering

作者： Yan Xinren Yue Liqiang Lu Chenwei Wu Haoliang CCCC Construct Grp Ltd Beijing 100022 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Sch Transportat Nanjing 211189 Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Civil Engn Zhuhai 519000 Peoples R China Southern Marine Sci & Engn Guangdong Lab Zhuhai Zhuhai 519000 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819777686;9789819777662;9789819777655

The phenomenon of particle crushing within coral reef sands exerts a significant influence on their mechanical properties. With the aim of investigating the governing laws of particle size evolution throughout the crushing process, a lateral confinement compression test on coral reef sand and gravel was conducted to quantify particle size variations during the assay. The results show that: after hydrostatic compression molding, the percentage of coral reef sand particle size in the range of 19.5-31.5, 9.5-19.5, 4.75-9.5, 2.36-4.75 passes through increased by about 10%. While the particle size distribution within the crushed stone mixture remained largely unchanged, the fragmentation rate of coral reef sand, when assessed under identical grading conditions, is significantly higher than that of crushed stone. The investigation into particle crushing phenomena provides critical insights for guiding related engineering and production methodologies.

关键词： Coral reef sand Particle fragmentation Masal fragmentation rate Maximum particle size

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Study on Operational Carbon Performance of Residential Archetype Buildings in Canada 9th

Study on Operational Carbon Performance of Residential Arche...

引用

9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Bartko, Michal Ghobadi, Mehdi Natl Res Council Canada Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

On a path to the net zero carbon future, minimizing construction industry greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the NRC needs to establish benchmark levels of environmental impacts in Canadian construction for new buildings as well as building retrofits. The aim of this study is to determine the operational carbon intensity performance of residential archetype buildings in Canada. Two energy archetype models from the Natural Resource Canada (NRCan) list were selected: 1) a single-family house model and 2) an attached row-house model. The Energy Plus software was used to determine energy demands for these archetypes under the current and future Canadian energy code requirements using various building envelopes and mechanical equipment efficiencies. GHG emissions factors were used to calculate the operational GHG emissions (kg CO2e). Eight (8) Canadian locations were studied. In anticipation of changes to future National Buildings Code (NBC) requirements, the GHG emissions were calculated separately for space heating, service water heating and other regular loads, the operational carbon decrease of up to 50% was observed for several instances. The results will serve as input for the future whole building life cycle assessment (wbLCA) study.

关键词： Residential archetype buildings operational carbon GHG emission factors code compliance

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Integrating Hydrophilic Material in Constructed Wall for Evaporative Cooling in Desert Climate 9th

Integrating Hydrophilic Material in Constructed Wall for Eva...

引用

9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Yan, Ming Diyalani, Hemant Zhang, Xiang Hakkarainen, Max Braham, William Aviv, Dorit Univ Penn Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

Extreme heat poses a major obstacle for human settlements in desert regions. Such hot and dry regions possess favorable conditions for passive evaporative cooling. This study aims to design and investigate the performance of porous evaporative cooling surfaces used to cool down indoor environments in desert climates. A case study with a porous evaporative cooling wall in a thermal shelter in Arizona is examined, where average summer conditions are 40 degrees C and 30% relative humidity. First, a physical experiment was set up in a climate chamber to compare the evaporative cooling performance of evaporative surface modules made of three different hydrophilic materials. Subsequently, energy simulation models were used to determine the cooling load demand for the proposed thermal shelter building. The simulated cooling load demand served as a benchmark to assess the cooling capacity of an evaporative cooling wall integrated with different hydrophilic materials for the proposed building, calculated from the experimental data. The results show that the aspen pad performs best in terms of evaporative cooling and can provide sufficient cooling for the test building in a hot, arid climate.

关键词： Evaporative cooling porous material climate chamber experiment cooling load building energy model

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Nonlinear Analyses of Industrial Steel Buildings with Semi-Rigid Joints 5th

Nonlinear Analyses of Industrial Steel Buildings with Semi-R...

引用

5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Venneri, Greta Agata De Matteis, Gianfranco Brando, Giuseppe Univ G dAnnunzio Dept Engn & Geol Viale Pindaro 42 I-65127 Pescara Italy Univ Campania L Vanvitelli Dept Architecture & Ind Design I-81031 Aversa CE Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873140;9783031873126;9783031873119

Italian existing steel buildings are often characterized by joints with semi-rigid and partial-strength behaviour, which result in poor global performance, particularly under seismic loads. This issue is due to the wrong design assumption of fully rigid or ideally pinned restraints, widespread in the usual practice of the past and acquired by national technical codes, which neglected the assumption of semi-continuous behaviour of frames. This paper presents a numerical study on the evaluation of the effects of semi-rigid and partial-strength joints on the seismic behaviour of real steel structures. For this purpose, single-story steel buildings were considered, whose column bases and beam-to-column joints were found to be semi-rigid and partial strength through the component method application. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed on finite element models of buildings and fragility curves were constructed, taking into account different levels of joint strength, stiffness, and ductility, to assess the seismic vulnerability of the semirigid frames.

关键词： Steel buildings Semi-rigid joints Finite element models Nonlinear analyses Seismic performance

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Design of Culvert Considering Soil-Structure Interaction 5th

Design of Culvert Considering Soil-Structure Interaction

引用

5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Zhang, David Aurecon Sydney NSW 2060 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782192;9789819782178;9789819782161

Culverts are buried structures used to carry vertical loads through a combination of internal capacity and soil arching around the structure, which is called soil-structure interaction. The culverts carry vertical loads vary significantly between different structure types due to their relative stiffnesses. Concrete culverts are categorized as rigid culverts and are assumed to carry the design loads internally with limited requirements or benefits from the soil. However, flexible culverts, such as corrugated steel culverts carry loads through soil-structure interaction, which is substantially different from rigid culverts. This is complicated for flexible culverts subjected to considerable induced earth pressures from high embankment fill. In addition, the material and installation requirements of the culverts and founding conditions should be sufficiently defined to ensure that the assumed soil-structure capacity can be achieved, and the settlements are not too excessive. Due to the complexity of soil-structure interaction, current design empirical methods may not be able to provide sufficient and accurate information for culvert design, particularly for soil-culvert interaction. Readily available software packages can provide good predictions of the culvert's behavior, as well as the loads transfer mechanism of soil-structure interaction. In this paper, case studies were carried out to investigate the soil-structure interaction influence on the culvert behaviors. High embankment induced complex soil-culvert interaction as well as the footings put uncertainty on the loads sustained by the culverts and footings. The soil-culvert interaction analysis involves methods of construction and the type and placement of the backfill. Design implications and product optimization were developed based on the numerical modelling results. The culvert design considered loads and founding conditions in both longitudinal and transverse directions.

关键词： Culvert Soil-structure interaction Backfill

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Importance of Demand Side Unsteadiness on Opportunity for Space Heating Energy Saving 9th

Importance of Demand Side Unsteadiness on Opportunity for Sp...

引用

9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Williams, Andrew Morgan Brammer, John Innerdale, Daniel Ashcroft, Michael Caldwell, Scott Kiddell, David Sadique, Monower Amoaki-Attah, Joseph Davies, Neale Endo Enterprises UK Ltd Warrington WA5 7TN England Univ Chester Chester CH1 4BJ England Liverpool John Moores Univ Liverpool L2 2QP England

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783151;9789819783137;9789819783120

Much effort is focused on improving space heating system efficiency through improving technologies such as boilers and heat pumps, improving building energy losses through, for example, improved insulation and reducing wasted heating through improved building controls. The importance of the hydronic circuit in affecting the amount of wasted energy is often overlooked, in part due to the conscious and unconscious application of quasi-steady assumptions to energy analyses of buildings. Occupant behaviour, equipment use and solar irradiance are three examples which cause the demand on the heating system to be significantly unsteady despite stable room temperature requirements and relatively high building fabric thermal masses. This paper presents results from a single room validated unsteady space heating energy model used to explore the effects of demand side unsteadiness on energy consumption for heating system with on-off and more complex proportional-integral type controls. Demand side unsteadiness is shown to have a significant influence on the heating energy consumed, typically increasing it compared to a steady equivalent. With on-off thermostat control, the behaviour is highly non-linear, depending significantly on the timing of demand perturbances relative to 'on' events. The heating energy used exceeded the minimum required to maintain 20 degrees C in cold and mild heating conditions by 1-14% and 14-75% respectively. With more complex proportional-integral based controllers, the excessive energy used exceeded the minimum required by 14-26% and 34-84% in cold and mild conditions respectively. High frequency demand side perturbations are effectively filtered out by the space's thermal mass. Lower frequency perturbations such as those arising from solar cycles are filtered out by the heating system control response. However, there remains frequencies of perturbance which are similar to the hydronic system response timescales which are not well managed, leading t

关键词： Heating Energy Unsteady Demand Hydronic Circuit

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Integrating Digital Twins and Web3 in Future Carbon Markets for Transparency: A New Framework Approach 20th

Integrating Digital Twins and Web3 in Future Carbon Markets ...

引用

20th International Conference on Computing in civil and Building engineering-ICCCBE

作者： Ramirez, Ricardo A. Gallopp Issa, Raja R. A. Univ Florida ME Rinker Sr Gainesville FL 32611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842108;9783031842085;9783031842078

Carbon offsets and carbon markets have emerged as an immediate strategy to mitigate climate change. However, concerns about accurately monitoring, reporting, and verifying carbon emission reductions have undermined trust and transparency in carbon markets. Recent case studies have revealed the significance of 4.0 technologies in developing digital monitoring, reporting, and verification systems (d-MRV) to streamline data collection, processing, and quality control of GHG emissions, mitigation actions, and support. An example of such technologies includes Digital Twins (DTs) which enables the virtual representation of physical assets, real-time monitoring of parameters, and AI-powered analytics. Furthermore, the use of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) as a more secure and transparent solution for d-MRV data storage and assets exchange is steadily gaining traction in present carbon markets. The recent emergence of environmentally friendly low-energy consumption blockchain networks is opening new applications for carbon credits trading within the web3 ecosystem. This study proposes a novel architecture integrating DTs and DLT as a blockchain-based predictive d-MRV system integrated into Web3. The framework uses BIM, IoT, AI, and DLT to automate data collection, quantify GHGs savings, track ITMOs, and provide visual reporting. Smart contracts automate the verification process and tokenization allows the retirement of carbon credits and their exchange in international carbon markets. The results of this study will determine whether a blockchain-based predictive Digital Twin MRV system integrated into Web3 can help improve the transparency of carbon offset projects and the functioning of carbon markets.

关键词： Carbon Offsets Transparency Digital Twins Web3

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Sustainability in Temporary Buildings: A Review 9th

Sustainability in Temporary Buildings: A Review

引用

9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Feng, Xiao-Tong He, Bao-Jie Chongqing Univ Ctr Climate Resilient & Low Carbon Cities Sch Architecture & Urban Planning Chongqing 400045 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Inst Smart City Liyang 213300 Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783199;9789819783175;9789819783168

Climate-induced disasters are increasingly frequent and intense under climate change, significantly threatening human settlements. Temporary buildings (TBs) play a crucial role in providing people with basic shelters. Along with the energy-efficient, and carbon-neutral campaigns, it is imperative for TBs to evolve into sustainable buildings that can meet contemporary requirements. However, existing studies on TBs are still in a nascent stage, lacking a systematic and comprehensive approach towards sustainability. This paper aims to perform a comprehensive and systematic review of the TB sustainability. In particular, the definition and characteristics of TBs are analyzed, after which the environmental performance and evaluation methods of TBs are analyzed. It is found that indoor thermal environment of TBs is the main research direction, and there are several studies on the outdoor thermal environment. The life-cycle assessment is the primary evaluation method to examine TB sustainability. However, the methods in existing few studies are far from comprehensive. Overall, this study is expected to enable architects and researchers to gain a holistic understanding of TBs and sustainability issues.

关键词： Temporary buildings Sustainability Building performance Life-cycle assessment Life-cycle performance Active and passive measures

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Weak Axis Bending Moment Capacity of Polygonal Hollow Steel Sections

Weak Axis Bending Moment Capacity of Polygonal Hollow Steel ...

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2023 Canadian Society for civil engineering Annual Conference

作者： Fei, Chenghang MacDougall, Colin Kabanda, John Westmar Advisors Inc Burnaby BC V5C 6R6 Canada Queens Univ Dept Civil Engn Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031615375;9783031615351;9783031615344

Hollow structural sections (HSS) have high torsional rigidity, which makes them an ideal candidate for structural applications to combat lateral-torsional buckling. However, as the bending moment applied on HSS members increase, the risk of local buckling of the HSS members also increases. In recent studies, polygonal hollow sections (PHS) with discrete bends have been shown to be effective in reducing local buckling and improving rotational capacity under strong axis bending. However, the effectiveness of these bends under weak axis bending has not been studied. This paper investigates the structural performance of PHS as well as that of rectangular hollow sections (RHS) with comparative dimensions through a series of four-point bending tests about weak axis with the aid of distributed fiber optic strain sensors (DFOS). The smaller RHS305 beam reached its theoretical yield moment capacity, while the moment capacity of the larger RHS356 beam was 14% less than the theoretical yield moment capacity. The moment capacity of the smaller PHS305 beam is 10% less than its theoretical yield moment, while that of the larger PHS356 beam is 23% less. DFOS was found to be effective in identifying and quantifying stress concentration as well as in monitoring the progress of local buckling in thin-walled PHS and RHS beams.

关键词： Hollow structural sections Polygonal hollow sections Weak-axis bending

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