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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering"

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Washed Away: Incorporating Bank Erosion into Highway Risk Assessments 5th

Washed Away: Incorporating Bank Erosion into Highway Risk As...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Davidson, S. L. Marin-Esteve, B. Weatherly, H. Scordo, E. Holm, K. BGC Engn Inc 980 Howe St Vancouver BC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782192;9789819782178;9789819782161

Rivers are dynamic systems that shift over time across floodplains and alluvial fans. While these natural geomorphic changes often bring ecological benefits, they also pose a significant threat to transportation infrastructure. Highways, often located in valleys alongside rivers, are particularly vulnerable to these hazards. This research focuses on bank erosion-related components of a landslide and flood risk assessment conducted for Highway 8, a 60 km-long road that runs parallel to the Nicola River in British Columbia, Canada. In November 2021, an extreme flood caused severe bank erosion that washed out Highway 8 in 25 locations, cutting off access to communities along the corridor for nearly a year. Highway 8 is also subject to geotechnical hazards (e.g., rock fall and debris flows) and intersects catchments burned by wildfires earlier in 2021, which further complicated response and recovery efforts. During the subsequent highway re-construction, a risk assessment was initiated to systematically assess the risk of highway closure due to landslide and floodrelated geohazards. The highway was divided into smaller segments ranging from tens to hundreds of meters, and each geohazardwas characterized in terms of its probability of impacting a particular segment and the associated road closure duration. The study compared the overall risk posed by different geohazards, considering the duration of closures on an annualized basis. To simulate bank erosion, a probabilistic, physically-based model was used. During the design flood scenario, approximately 18 km of the highway had a 25% or higher probability of being impacted by bank erosion, with a total closure duration of about 2 years. Among the highest-risk sites identified, the majority were related to bank erosion hazards. This study emphasizes the critical importance of considering geomorphic changes when planning and designing highways to ensure their long-term resilience and functionality.

关键词： Bank erosion Risk Highway

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Urban Heat Island Effect on Building Energy Consumption: ANN Method Application 9th

Urban Heat Island Effect on Building Energy Consumption: ANN...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Mombeni, Afshin Gharib Tariku, Fitsum British Columbia Inst Technol Bldg Sci Ctr Excellence Burnaby BC V5G 3H2 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783113;9789819783090;9789819783083

The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon denotes the higher temperatures observed within urban areas compared to their surrounding rural areas. The repercussions of the urban heat island are not only limited to the pedestrian discomfort but also influences buildings' energy consumption. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based method is used to determine the urban temperature increase and quantify the UHI effect on the energy consumption of an office building in Montreal, Canada. It was found that the annual average urban heat island intensity for the study area is 2.6 degrees C. Due to the UHI effect, the annual cooling energy consumption of the building in the study area increased by 18% (6.75 kWh/m(2)) while its heating energy reduced by 34% (5.21 kWh/m(2)). The total HVAC energy consumption of the building (cooling plus heating) on a yearly basis increased by 3% (1.54 kWh/m(2)). The result of this investigation shows the importance of considering the impact of UHI when engineers size cooling and heating equipment and the need for urban planners to introduce measures to mitigate the increases in urban temperature.

关键词： Urban Heat Island Artificial Neural Network Building Energy Consumption

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The REVHEAL Project: Preliminary FE Simulations of Full-Scale Tests on Masonry Cross Vaults 1

引用

5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Gandelli, Emanuele Facconi, Luca Faini, Samuele Minelli, Fausto Alforno, Marco Ferrero, Chiara Matta, Emiliano Sammartano, Giulia Venuti, Fiammetta Monaco, Alessia Univ Brescia Dept Civil Environm Architectural Engn & Math DIC Brescia Italy Politecn Torino Dept Architecture & Design DAD Brescia Italy

ISBN: (数字)9783031873164

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873188;9783031873164;9783031873157

The project REVHEAL (Structural Rehabilitation of Vaults in Heritage Asset Learning: collapse identification and design of compatible strengthening systems supported by adaptive 3D models) focuses on the identification of the main collapse mechanisms of masonry cross vaults under differential settlements and the design of sustainable strengthening systems, both items supported by the development of novel 3D adaptive models. These objectives are pursued by means of two experimental campaigns, on small-scale and full-scale specimens, respectively. The experiments on both scale specimens are supported by 3D digital models based on point clouds and multi-scale approximated surface objects, for an accurate detection of the cracks' pattern. The full-scale tests aim at assessing the response of a 3.5 m span masonry cross-vault under shear sliding of two abutments. The test program includes two reverse cyclic quasi-static tests: the first carried out on a bare vault and the second on the same vault strengthened by an TRM overlay applied at the extrados of the specimen. This paper describes the results of preliminary FE simulations carried out on the bare vault employing a nonlinear continuum approach. In particular, a parametric study was performed to investigate different layouts of interaction between the cross-vault and the perimetral arches highlighting its importance on the overall seismic response. Indeed, this aspect may affect: (a) both the lateral stiffness and the peak strength;(b) the evolution of the cracking pattern;(c) the slope of the post-peak softening branch.

关键词： masonry cross vaults real-scale tests test set-up FE analyses

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Anomaly Detection of Static Monitoring Data of Traditional Tibetan Timber Structures Based on LSTM-MHSA-VAE Algorithm 5th

Anomaly Detection of Static Monitoring Data of Traditional T...

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5th International Conference on Protection of Historical Constructions-PROHITECH

作者： Qian, Xiaowen Yang, Na Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Civil Engn Beijing 100044 Peoples R China Beijing Jiaotong Univ Beijings Key Lab Struct Wind Engn & Urban Wind En Beijing 100044 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031873140;9783031873126;9783031873119

An in-depth analysis of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) data is essential for ensuring structural safety, with anomaly detection playing a crucial role in this assessment. This study optimizes an anomaly detection algorithm using modern machine learning techniques for static monitoring data, including ambient temperature, humidity, and strain, specifically in Traditional Tibetan Timber Structures (TTTSs). The research begins with a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the monitoring data, followed by the establishment of a thorough data preprocessing process. This process employs the sigma-LOF algorithm to identify anomalies and the NeuralProphet algorithm to address missing data. Building on this foundation, we propose an LSTM-MHSA-VAE neural network that integrates a Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), a Multi-Head Self Attention (MHSA) mechanism, and a Variational autoencoder (VAE) with a state threshold criterion to effectively detect and diagnose anomalies in the monitoring data. The results demonstrate that this model significantly improves accuracy in identifying and diagnosing anomalies, surpassing the effectiveness of traditional methods.

关键词： Traditional Tibetan Timber Structures Structural Health Monitoring Deep learning Data characteristics Anomaly detection

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Small Thickness Brick Vaults. Experimental Study of Single-Leaf and Lined Alentejo Tile Vaults 11th

Small Thickness Brick Vaults. Experimental Study of Single-L...

引用

11th International Conference of Ar.Tec.

作者： Rei, Joao Gago, Antonio Sousa Acad Mil CINAMIL P-2720113 Amadora Portugal Univ Lisbon Inst Super Tecn CERIS Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031718571;9783031718557;9783031718540

This article describes the tests carried out to assess the structural strength of traditional thin brick vaults in the Alentejo region of Portugal, commonly known as "abobadilhas alentejanas". This type of traditional construction extends throughout the Mediterranean basin, where it takes on different names depending on the country and region. For example, this particular type of vault in Spain is called boveda tabicada (volta catalana in Catalonia and boveda extremena in Extremadura), and in Italy it is called volta in folio (realina in folio in Sicily). The slenderness of these vaults and the fact that they can be built without centering, using gypsum mortar and taking advantage of the arch effect, are characteristics that distinguish them from other masonry vault solutions. One of the ways that ancient builders used to increase the strength of Alentejo tile vaults was by superimposing a second layer of brick over the intradorso layer, thus doubling the thickness of the tile vault. Typically, the intradorso layer was made without centering, using gypsum mortars, and the supplementary layer was built on top of it, sometimes with lime mortars, without the use of gypsum. However, despite the interest that this solution continues to arouse, the structural study of this solution is still scarce and the particularities of its operation have not yet been fully reproduced in structural models. In order to provide more information on this issue, a campaign of experimental tests was carried out on prototypes of single-leaf and lined tile vaults, replicating traditional construction. This article presents the experimental work carried out, describing its procedures, results and main conclusions. Other experimental campaigns were carried out as part of ongoing research, the results of which will be presented in upcoming publications.

关键词： Alentejo Tile Vault Loading Tests Structural Strength

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Research on Optimized Control Strategy of Ice Storage Cooling Air Conditioning System for Office Buildings Based on Load Forecasting 9th

Research on Optimized Control Strategy of Ice Storage Coolin...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Zhou, Zezheng Zhao, Lihua South China Univ Technol Sch Architecture State Key Lab Subtrop Bldg Sci Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783151;9789819783137;9789819783120

Ice storage technology, being a pivotal technology for demand response, can be deployed to facilitate the scheduling of grid loads by implementing cold storage mode. In this study, we propose a day-ahead optimized scheduling (DOS) model grounded in load forecasting. During the construction of the forecasting model, the support vector machine (SVM) is employed to determine the optimal parameters. To avoid falling into local optima, multiple algorithms are introduced to optimize the parameters, thereby forming combined forecasting models, and the accuracy of these combined prediction models is verified through case studies. Based on historical operational data, we establish both the energy consumption model of the ice storage air-conditioning system (ISACS) and the DOS model. Subsequently, three typical days were chosen for the DOS analysis aimed at minimizing operational costs. A comparison is made between energy consumption patterns before and after the implementation of DOS. The DOS model effectively reduces the overall operating costs of ISACS while optimizing its power consumption patterns. The operating costs for three typical days decreased by 2.9%, 6.9%, and 3.6%, respectively, with the implementation of load forecasting-based DOS.

关键词： Office Building Ice Storage Air Conditioning system Load Forecasting Day-Ahead Scheduling

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Investigation of Geotechnical Properties of Soil Using Shredded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Wastes

Investigation of Geotechnical Properties of Soil Using Shred...

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2023 International Conference on Environmental Geotechnology, Recycled Waste Materials and Sustainable engineering

作者： Bansal, Vaishnavi Bharti, Gaurav Hurukadli, Parikshit Singh, Harsh Shukla, Bishnu Kant JSS Acad Tech Educ Dept Civil Engn Noida India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783953;9789819783939;9789819783922

This initiative is concerned with the full analysis, improvement, and stabilization of soil characteristics using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes. Soil stabilization is the progression of improving the characteristics of local soil engineering. This soil stabilization method can be used successfully to satisfy societal challenges. Because soil is a crucial component of nature, and soil provides all of life's fundamental requirements, such as food, clothing, and shelter, using plastic as a soil stabilizer would decrease the amount of trash deposited in land and seas, as well as the harmful effects on the ecosystem. The present study is conducted with the purpose of investigating whether plastic waste finds any usage in soil stabilization. Effect on soil properties by carrying out direct shear tests, Proctor tests, and California Bearing Ratio tests is the primary concern of this study. The outcomes are analyzed for various tests and inferences, and conclusions are strained toward the suitability, usefulness, and efficiency of fiber as reinforcement mean for soil stabilization. In this present study, a series of tests were conducted on soil samples without and with plastic reinforcement. The maximum dry density upsurges by 4.41% from soil with no plastic to plastic with 1% by weight with aspect ratio of 3. Also, optimum moisture content of soil with plastic decreases by 2.21% from soil with no plastic. From direct shear test, cohesion value rises from 0.1 to 0.16 kg/cm(2) from no reinforcement to reinforcement with aspect ratio of 2 with 1% of plastic content by weight of sample. Angle of internal friction was increased from 41 to 43.5 degrees from zero reinforcement to reinforcement of aspect ratio 2. Increase in CBR value is 4.86% for unsoaked sample, and increase in CBR value is 6.81% for soaked sample.

关键词： PET wastes Soil samples CBR test Direct shear test Soil stabilization

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BIM-Based Life Cycle Assessment for Integrated Energy and Seismic Retrofit of Existing Buildings 20th

BIM-Based Life Cycle Assessment for Integrated Energy and Se...

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20th International Conference on Computing in civil and Building engineering-ICCCBE

作者： Kulthanaphanich, Y. Lin, S. Y. Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Civil Engn Taipei 106 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031842108;9783031842085;9783031842078

Global trends toward achieving net-zero emissions raise awareness of sustainability in construction. Energy retrofitting construction is gaining high recognition as a competent option to mitigate energy consumption during the use period, which is found to be a vast contributor to carbon emissions. However, considering that many older buildings are challenged by disasters, such as structural degradation and increased earthquake risks, structural strengthening construction is also in high demand. A practical solution is seismic retrofitting, which can improve the resistance of buildings to disasters, prolong their lifespan, and improve the resilience of the community. Therefore, it is essential to take both seismic and energy retrofitting into account. Several existing Building Information Modeling tools for carbon emission calculations are applicable to energy retrofitting but lack support for seismic retrofit or combined retrofitting options. Furthermore, they often focus on the operational stage and neglect the construction phase of existing buildings, which involves the addition of new structural or architectural components and requires processes of partial demolition of the surrounding elements, waste disposal, and others. A novel BIM-based framework for assessing carbon footprints has been developed to overcome these limitations using Autodesk Revit and energy simulation software. This framework goes beyond estimating the operational and embodied carbon emissions;it also considers the construction cost associated with the different integration of energy and seismic retrofit strategies. A reinforced concrete school building is applied as a case study to illustrate its capabilities. The life cycle assessment encompasses the boundary of the cradle-to-grave system, including the product, construction process, operational and end-of-life stages. The proposed framework enables a comparison of various energy retrofit options and commonly used seismic retrofit strategie

关键词： Life cycle assessment Carbon emission calculation Seismic retrofit Energy retrofit Building Information Model

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Approach to Assess As-Built Moduli of Compacted Foundation Layers Using Intelligent Compaction 5th

Approach to Assess As-Built Moduli of Compacted Foundation L...

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5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics

作者： Zuniga, Isaac Esteban Tirado, Cesar Nazarian, Soheil Chang, George K. Univ Texas El Paso Ctr Transportat Infrastruct Syst El Paso TX 79968 USA Transtec Grp Inc Austin TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9789819782192;9789819782178;9789819782161

The satisfactory performance of well-designed pavement sections hinges on the appropriate compaction of layers in the field, especially compacted geomaterials forming the foundation layers. In-situ spot density tests are standard practice for assessing the compaction effort, even though the mechanistic-empirical design procedures are based on layer moduli. The state of the practice in in-situ density measurements, and more recently modulus measurements, relies on limited in-situ spot testing meant to represent a large area of compacted geomaterial. Intelligent compaction (IC) can be utilized to access the as-built moduli by vibratory rollers across the entire compacted geomaterial area to overcome the limitation of spot density tests. This paper presents an approach to assess the layer-by-layer variation in the as-built moduli. The real-time IC mapping process has proved to be practical, efficient, and robust. The assessment results can be obtained by combining the IC measurement values (ICMV) with limited lightweight deflectometer (LWD) measurements for local calibration and laboratory-based resilient modulus nonlinear parameters. The method's veracity and applicability are demonstrated through comprehensive data from two cells collected during the Minnesota Road Research Facility (MnROAD) reconstruction. The assessment results showed that the local in situ calibration of the ICMVs with the limited LWD modulus is necessary to obtain accurate layer-specific as-built moduli.

关键词： Intelligent compaction Pavement foundation Modulus Lightweight deflectometer

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A Distribution Strategy for Measuring Points of Street Green Space Reducing Traffic Noise 9th

A Distribution Strategy for Measuring Points of Street Green...

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9th International Building Physics Conference

作者： Li, Mengmeng Wu, Yuanxiang Sun, Shi Zhang, Mingfeng Harbin Inst Technol Sch Architecture & Design Key Lab Cold Region Urban & Rural Human Settlemen Minist Ind & Informat Technol Harbin 150001 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819783199;9789819783175;9789819783168

Street green spaces play a critical role in reducing traffic noise. When assessing the overall noise reduction effect generated by street green spaces, the discrepancies caused by measuring point density have not been taken into consideration in current researches. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal density of measuring points for street green space, which is effective in properly calculating the overall noise reduction effect. Consequently, a segment of a street green space with 16 m long and 30 m wide is selected for this study, which was split into slices perpendicular to the road with intervals of 1m and measuring points with 0 m, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m from the road respectively are set in each slice. In this study, data was interpolated using ARCGIS, and a noise map of the street green space was developed. This study indicates that the noise mapping varies with the density of measuring points, while variations in beginning positions of measuring points in the same density condition have little effect. This implies that the estimate of the overall noise reduction effect of street green spaces is influenced by measuring point density rather than position. In order to identify the ideal distance between measuring points, the study used analysis of variance. This study proposes a distribution strategy for street green space noise reduction measuring point positions that can be used to compare the results of other research.

关键词： Traffic Noise Reduction Street Green Space Measuring Points Arrangement Noise Mapping

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