In recent years, the number of people with dementia has been increasing. Treatment of dementia is important. Dementia is a progressive disease that requires treatment and care according to the progress of the disease....
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031615450;9783031615467
In recent years, the number of people with dementia has been increasing. Treatment of dementia is important. Dementia is a progressive disease that requires treatment and care according to the progress of the disease. As of now, the progress of the disease, such as cognitive decline, is generally diagnosed through various examinations. These methods are time-consuming and are not suitable for simple diagnosis in outpatient settings or welfare facilities. The purpose of this study is to estimate cognitive function using a simpler method. As a proposal for this purpose, a model was constructed using support vector machines (SVM) and logistic regression with data measured by a simple electroencephalograph (EEG) and a heart rate monitor as explanatory variables and neuropsychological examination, which are often used in examination for dementia, as objective variables. The results showed that SVM could estimate cognitive function with an accuracy of up to 71.6%.
We leverage generative large language models for language learning applications, focusing on estimating the difficulty of foreign language texts and simplifying them to lower difficulty levels. We frame both tasks as ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031630279;9783031630286
We leverage generative large language models for language learning applications, focusing on estimating the difficulty of foreign language texts and simplifying them to lower difficulty levels. We frame both tasks as prediction problems and develop a difficulty classification model using labeled examples, transfer learning, and large language models, demonstrating superior accuracy compared to previous approaches. For simplification, we evaluate the trade-off between simplification quality and meaning preservation, comparing zero-shot and fine-tuned performances of large language models. We show that meaningful text simplifications can be obtained with limited fine-tuning. Our experiments are conducted on French texts, but our methods are language-agnostic and directly applicable to other foreign languages.
A variety of claims have been made about weak crossover effects in both matrix and relative clauses. In this paper, we conduct an experiment using Hoji's Language Faculty science (LFS) methodology, focusing on a c...
ISBN:
(数字)9783031608780
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031608773;9783031608780
A variety of claims have been made about weak crossover effects in both matrix and relative clauses. In this paper, we conduct an experiment using Hoji's Language Faculty science (LFS) methodology, focusing on a comparison and contrast between these two constructions. The results of this experiment show a clear division in the conditions under which they are acceptable.
Integration of video games in classroom instruction poses challenges for teachers, including the need for technical and financial resources, support from parents and administrators, concerns about toxic gaming culture...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031490644;9783031490651
Integration of video games in classroom instruction poses challenges for teachers, including the need for technical and financial resources, support from parents and administrators, concerns about toxic gaming culture, and uncertainty in teaching and evaluating using video games. These barriers hinder teachers' progress, diminish their motivation, and impede the transition toward game-based teaching. This article explores the valid barriers faced by teachers during video gameintegration into their classrooms and explores the application of the Solution-Focused Approach (SFA) instruments, namely SFAquestions, as a possiblemeans to address these barriers. The SFA questions facilitate a shift in focus from deficiencies to existing strengths and from an ineffective Problem Talk to an effective Solution Talk. Various SFAquestions are provided to guide teachers toward fostering a healthier and more productive dialogue with themselves and others, allowing concentration on desired outcomes. Promising results of the SFA-based Education Professional Development Programme for Teachers are presented, and future directions are proposed to explore SFA application in this area.
Analyzing the usability of transparency websites and local government portals has been the subject of scientific discussion. Instead of discussing what was disclosed, research has focused on how attractive the governm...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031613500;9783031613517
Analyzing the usability of transparency websites and local government portals has been the subject of scientific discussion. Instead of discussing what was disclosed, research has focused on how attractive the government website is. In human-computer interaction, the evaluation of these environments has heuristic aspects, such as responsiveness in the migration between different types of devices, browsers, among others. In the Brazilian case, the type of connection and the user's familiarity have a relevant impact, especially when there are limitations. The Brazilian political environment still exerts control over the issue, since political decisions are involved. Thus, a deductive methodology with a theoretical-empirical basis and testswas used to analyze the transparency websites and portals of municipalities with 200,000 inhabitants. This test followed the following steps: first an evaluation based on heuristics, followed employing the Wave Evaluation Tool extension, known asWAVE, which is a tool capable of evaluating the accessibility of websites. Developed by WebAIM, an organization dedicated to web accessibility, WAVE helps designers and developers identify accessibility problems in their web pages. Finally, the data was processed using GNU PSPP 2.0 Statistical Software. The results strongly suggested that the majority of websites are responsive, but there are cases where they need to be improved or rebuilt. In this way, the lack of compatibility hinders the popularization of access, especially because it limits the population, especially in access mechanisms, or even when migrating between mobile devices.
Video games have the potential to help teach evolutionary biology, but most commercial games misrepresent evolutionary principles by allowing player choice to dictate evolutionary trajectories. Our game studio aims to...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031490644;9783031490651
Video games have the potential to help teach evolutionary biology, but most commercial games misrepresent evolutionary principles by allowing player choice to dictate evolutionary trajectories. Our game studio aims to incorporate scientifically accurate evolutionary models into gameplay mechanics. In our previous games Darwin's Demons and Project Hastur, we designed digital genomes and implemented evolutionary models to create enemy populations that adapt to player strategies. However, accurately simulating evolution can sometimes conflict with crafting an enjoyable game. Here we examine balancing scientific realism with fun in the game design process. Using experimental data from Project Hastur, we show enemies evolve increased size and sensory abilities to counter player defenses, demonstrating the game mechanic's adaptive capabilities. We discuss how mutation rates, population sizes, generation times and other parameters can be adjusted to balance accuracy and enjoyment, with the goal of creating engaging games that reinforce and demonstrate, rather than misrepresent, evolutionary principles.
Since 2018, stablecoins have become the major digital currencies facilitating payment flows across various decentralized financial platforms. While in the simplest terms, stablecoins operate as lowvolatility digital c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031488054;9783031488061
Since 2018, stablecoins have become the major digital currencies facilitating payment flows across various decentralized financial platforms. While in the simplest terms, stablecoins operate as lowvolatility digital cash, they are not created equal. Broadly speaking, stablecoins are dichotomized into fiat-backed or algorithmic;algorithmic refers to a diverse set of stablecoins. By reviewing a brief history and analyzing the current state of affairs for stablecoins, we discuss critical facts about stablecoins and propose strategic pathways for the future. Fiat-backed stablecoins are similar to money market funds in their function and structure. As such, the regulatory framework for money market funds should be a guiding light. From this viewpoint, the necessary conditions for the proper functioning of fiat-backed stablecoins are: transparency, full disclosure, quality auditing, and oversight. Algorithmic stablecoins are in principle synthetic cash, or a derivative instrument. As such, they are perfectly positioned to play pivotal roles in digital financial derivative (contingent claims) markets. Due to the heterogeneity of their use-cases, the appropriate regulatory framework depends heavily on the underpinning economics. Lending-related algorithmic frameworks (i.e., credit contingent claims) can benefit from economics and regulatory environments of collateralized repo markets and the like. Others can be considered through the lens of derivatives instruments-futures, options, swaps-for finding best practices and optimal strategies.
In a previous work [4], we laid the foundations of a formal compositional semantic theory for dependency grammars. In this paper, we continue this line of research with the aim of showing that the basic principles we ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783031608780
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031608773;9783031608780
In a previous work [4], we laid the foundations of a formal compositional semantic theory for dependency grammars. In this paper, we continue this line of research with the aim of showing that the basic principles we stated in [4] allow one to deal with more advanced syntactic phenomena. We consider two cases: the relative clauses (which depend on the acl:relcl dependency relation) and the open clausal complements (which depend on the xcomp dependency relation). This leads us to revise some of the solutions advocated in [4], while at the same time generalizing some of the principles on which our theory is based.
Proof-of-stake systems require stakers to lock up their funds in order to participate in consensus validation. This leads to capital inefficiency, as locked capital cannot be invested in Decentralized Finance (DeFi). ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031488054;9783031488061
Proof-of-stake systems require stakers to lock up their funds in order to participate in consensus validation. This leads to capital inefficiency, as locked capital cannot be invested in Decentralized Finance (DeFi). Liquid staking rewards stakers with fungible tokens in return for staking their assets. These fungible tokens can in turn be reused in the DeFi economy. However, liquid staking introduces unexpected risks, as all delegated stake is now fungible. This exacerbates the already existing Principal-Agent problem faced during any delegation, in which the interests of the delegator (the Principal) are not aligned with the interests of the validator (the Agent). In this paper, we study the PrincipalAgent problem in the context of liquid staking. We highlight the dilemma between the choice of proportional representation (having one's stake delegated to one's validator of choice) and fair punishment (being economically affected only when one's choice is misinformed). We put forth an attack illustrating that these two notions are fundamentally incompatible in an adversarial setting. We then describe the mechanism of exempt delegations, used by some staking systems today, and devise a precise formula for quantifying the correct choice of exempt delegation which allows balancing the two conflicting virtues in the rational model.
Game-based learning (GBL) environments are designed to foster emotional experiences conducive to learning;yet, there are mixed findings regarding their effectiveness. The inconsistent results may stem from challenges ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031723148;9783031723155
Game-based learning (GBL) environments are designed to foster emotional experiences conducive to learning;yet, there are mixed findings regarding their effectiveness. The inconsistent results may stem from challenges in measuring and modeling emotions as multi-dimensional constructs during GBL. Traditional approaches often use one data channel and conventional statistics to study emotions, which limit our understanding of the multicomponential interactions that underlie emotional states during GBL. In this study, we merged non-linear dynamical systems (NLDS) theory with the component process model of emotion to examine interactions and synchrony among two emotion signals during GBL, facial expressions and heart rate variability (HRV), and assessed its relation to knowledge and learning gain. Data were collected from 58 participants (n = 58) at a university in Central Finland while they learned about pathology with a tower defense game called Antidote COVID-19. Results showed a significant improvement in knowledge after GBL. A NLDS technique called cross-wavelet transformation showed there were varying degrees of synchrony between facial expressions and HRV. Neutral expressions showed the highest degree of synchrony with HRV, followed closely by happiness and anger with HRV. However, the synchrony between facial expressions and HRV did not affect knowledge and learning gain. This research contributes to the field by studying emotions as multidimensional systems during GLB.
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