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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Computer Science"

共 300228 条记录，以下是131-140 订阅

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EIP-4844 Economics and Rollup Strategies 9th

EIP-4844 Economics and Rollup Strategies

引用

28th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security

作者： Crapis, Davide Felten, Edward W. Mamageishvili, Akaki Ethereum Fdn Zug Switzerland Offchain Labs Princeton NJ 08542 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031692307;9783031692314

We study the economics of the Ethereum improvement proposal 4844 and its effect on rollups' data posting strategies. Rollups' cost consists of two parts: data posting and delay. In the new proposal, the data posting cost corresponds to a blob posting cost and is fixed in each block, no matter how much of the blob is utilized by the rollup. The tradeoff is clear: the rollup prefers to post a full blob, but if its transaction arrival rate is low, filling up a blob space causes too large delay cost. The first result of the paper shows that if a rollup transaction arrival rate is too low, it prefers to use the regular blockspace market for data posting, as it offers a more flexible cost structure. Second, we show that shared blob posting is not always beneficial for participating rollups and change in the aggregate blob posting cost in the equilibrium depends on the types of participating rollups. In the end, we discuss blob cost-sharing rules from an axiomatic angle.

关键词： Ethereum

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Designing Agency in Detective Video Games: An Analysis of Shadows of Doubt (2023) 17th

Designing Agency in Detective Video Games: An Analysis of Sh...

引用

17th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling

作者： Feng, Paola Rojas-Salazar, Alberto Univ Costa Rica San Jose Costa Rica

ISBN: (纸本)9783031784521;9783031784538

In many video games where the player assumes the role of a detective, gameplay often focuses more on advancing an established narrative rather than allowing the player to perform as a detective. To empower the player with control over the investigation, the narrative structure must be supported by a system that enables the player to follow her own curiosity. Shadows of Doubt (2023) introduces an innovative approach to the genre by entrusting the investigative and deductive work entirely to the player, offering a high degree of agency within a fully simulated, procedurally generated environment. This short paper presents an analysis of Shadows of Doubt that proposes a solution to enhance player agency.

关键词： Agency Detective Games Interactive Digital Narrative Narrative Design

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Utilizing Fractional Order Epidemiological Model to Understand High and Moderate Toxicity Spread on Social Media Platforms 16th

Utilizing Fractional Order Epidemiological Model to Understa...

引用

16th International Conference on Social Networks Analysis and Mining

作者： Addai, Emmanuel Yousefi, Niloofar Agarwal, Nitin Univ Arkansas COSMOS Res Ctr Little Rock AR 72204 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031785375;9783031785382

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased social media usage significantly, highlighting its critical role in public statements, information dissemination, news propagation. In this study, we construct and evaluate a fractional-order toxicity contagion model with quarantine intervention in Twitter. The model incorporates different infected groups that account for toxicity intensity and its development, that is, moderate and high infected users, and it is used to investigate the influence of each user in the overall spread of toxic content. We have evaluated the post-free toxic equilibrium point, the reproduction number (R0), the existence-uniqueness solution, and the stability point. The model, which fits well to (#F*covid) hashtags data, is qualitatively analyzed to evaluate the impacts of different schemes for control strategies. Our findings reveal that the conventional model, which does not differentiate between infected groups, overestimates or underestimates the rate of change in the number of infectious users, resulting in a greater error rate. From analysis, implementing quarantine measures on social media platforms can bring long-term benefits with low risk, affirming platform safety. By quarantining moderate and high toxic active users, the resulting error rates were impressively low, measured at 0.0011 and 0.0012 for the respective groups of infected users. This study will assist network providers in identifying such users, thereby reducing toxic conversations.

关键词： toxicity spread SEIQR epidemiological model social media fractional derivative

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Analyzing X's Web of Influence: Dissecting News Sharing Dynamics Through Credibility and Popularity with Transfer Entropy and Multiplex Network Measures 16th

Analyzing X's Web of Influence: Dissecting News Sharing Dyna...

引用

16th International Conference on Social Networks Analysis and Mining

作者： Abdidizaji, Sina Baekey, Alexander Jayalath, Chathura Mantzaris, Alexander Garibay, Ozlem Ozmen Garibay, Ivan Univ Cent Florida Ind Engn & Management Syst Orlando FL 32816 USA Univ Cent Florida Comp Sci Orlando FL 32816 USA Univ Cent Florida Stat & Data Sci Orlando FL 32816 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031785405;9783031785412

The dissemination of news articles on social media platforms significantly impacts the public's perception of global issues, with the nature of these articles varying in credibility and popularity. The challenge of measuring this influence and identifying key propagators is formidable. Traditional graph-based metrics such as different centrality measures and node degree methods offer some insights into information flow but prove insufficient for identifying hidden influencers in large-scale social media networks such as X (previously known as Twitter). This study adopts and enhances a non-parametric framework based on Transfer Entropy to elucidate the influence relationships among X users. It further categorizes the distribution of influence exerted by these actors through the innovative use of multiplex network measures within a social media context, aiming to pinpoint influential actors during significant world events. The methodology was applied to three distinct events, and the findings revealed that actors in different events leveraged different types of news articles and influenced distinct sets of actors based on the news category. Notably, we found that actors disseminating trustworthy news articles to influence others occasionally resort to untrustworthy sources. However, the converse scenario, wherein actors predominantly using untrustworthy news types switch to trustworthy sources for influence, is less prevalent. This asymmetry suggests a discernible pattern in the strategic use of news articles for influence across social media networks, highlighting the nuanced roles of trustworthiness and popularity in the spread of information and influence.

关键词： Influential Actors News Articles Social Network Analysis Transfer Entropy Multiplex Networks

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Goldfish: No More Attacks on Ethereum?! 28th

Goldfish: No More Attacks on Ethereum?!

引用

28th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security

作者： D'Amato, Francesco Neu, Joachim Tas, Ertem Nusret Tse, David Ethereum Fdn Berlin Germany Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031786754;9783031786761

The LMD GHOST consensus protocol is a critical but brittle component of proof-of-stake Ethereum. We propose Goldfish, a new consensus protocol that satisfies key properties required of a drop-in replacement: Goldfish is secure in the sleepy model, assuming an honest majority of validators. Goldfish is reorg resilient so that honestly produced blocks are guaranteed inclusion in the ledger, and it supports fast confirmation with expected confirmation latency independent of the desired security level. Subsampling validators can improve the communication efficiency of Goldfish, and Goldfish is composable with finality/accountability gadgets. Crucially, Goldfish is structurally similar to LMD GHOST, providing a credible path to adoption in Ethereum. Attacks on LMD GHOST exploit lack of coordination among honest validators, typically provided by a locking mechanism in classical BFT protocols. However, locking requires votes from a quorum of all participants and is not compatible with fluctuating participation. Goldfish is powered by a novel coordination mechanism to synchronize the honest validators' actions.

关键词： Ethereum

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DeepFairRank: A Multi-objective Framework for Fair Top-k Node Ranking in Network Data 16th

DeepFairRank: A Multi-objective Framework for Fair Top-k Nod...

引用

16th International Conference on Social Networks Analysis and Mining

作者： Santos, Francisco Masrour, Farzan Tan, Pang-Ning Esfahanian, Abdol-Hossein Michigan State Univ E Lansing MI 48825 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031785405;9783031785412

The fair top-k node ranking problem aims to find the k most significant nodes in a network without discriminating against particular groups of nodes as defined by their protected attribute. However, unlike fair ranking problems for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data, the rank assigned to a node may influence the perception of fairness among its neighbors with similar acceptability scores due to the interconnectivity among the nodes. Fairness perception, which is an individual-level fairness metric, has thus been proposed to measure the degree to which a node perceives its ranking outcome as fair. While existing fair node ranking algorithms can help maximize its fairness perception, they are susceptible to the oversmoothing effect due to their message passing mechanism. Thus, a key challenge in designing fair node ranking algorithms is to balance the trade-off between maximizing the acceptability of the highly ranked nodes while satisfying both individual-level and group-level fairness criteria. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel framework called DeepFairRank that integrates the potentially diverging criteria in a unified, multi-objective optimization framework using neural networks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework when applied to real-world data.

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Computational Analysis of Communicative Acts for Understanding Crisis News Comment Discourses 16th

Computational Analysis of Communicative Acts for Understandi...

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16th International Conference on Social Networks Analysis and Mining

作者： Paakki, Henna Ghorbanpour, Faeze Aalto Univ Espoo Finland Ludwig Maximilian Univ Munich Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031785375;9783031785382

Social media analyses using computational methods are becoming increasingly important, especially for crisis communication and social media monitoring. We seek to investigate the validity and utility of computationally analyzing communicative acts in social media crisis news comment discourses. We implement an applied act classifier for a novel online context by utilizing few-shot learning and a small manually annotated dataset. To illustrate the usefulness of analyzing communicative acts, we show that how people use acts in comments notably changes across the crisis timeline. In contrast to classic crisis research, early social media crisis responses in our study do not show a heightened use of acts oriented to discursive struggle only, but instead resolution oriented acts are most common at first. In further analysis, we show that computational analysis of acts can complement traditional content analyses to reveal more specific insights on the functions and goals of comments. Our study paves the way for more fine-grained approaches to understanding social media discourses and crisis responses, offering potential new tools for crisis management.

关键词： Crisis Discourses Crisis Narratives Communicative Acts Few-shot Learning Applied NLP Social Media

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LedgerHedger: Gas Reservation for Smart Contract Security 28th

LedgerHedger: Gas Reservation for Smart Contract Security

引用

28th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security

作者： Tsabary, Itay Manuskin, Alex Bar-Zur, Roi Eyal, Ittay Technion Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9783031786754;9783031786761

In smart contract blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, users interact with the system by issuing transactions. System operators called miners or validators add those transactions to the blockchain. Users attach to each transaction a fee, which is collected by the miner who placed it in the blockchain. Miners naturally prioritize better-paying transactions. This process creates a volatile fee market due to limited throughput and fluctuating demand. The fee required to place a transaction in the future is unknown;yet, ensuring timely transaction confirmation is critical for securing smart contracts that represent billions of dollars and underpin prominent blockchain scaling solutions. We present LEDGERHEDGER, a novel mechanism that guarantees the confirmation of a transaction within a specified time frame. Due to the absence of external enforcement in decentralized systems, LEDGERHEDGER uses incentives. Its core is a hedging agreement between a transaction issuer and a second party, possibly a miner. The issuing party pays for the transaction upfront while the second party commits to paying any necessary fees when the transaction is issued in the future, even if they exceed the original payment. LEDGERHEDGER gives rise to a strategic game, where the issuing party deposits the transaction payment and the committing party deposits a collateral. During the target time frame, the latter is required to confirm the transaction if it exists, or they have the option to withdraw the payment and the collateral if the transaction is not presented. We demonstrate that for a broad range of parameters, a subgame perfect equilibrium exists where both parties are incentivized to act as desired, thereby guaranteeing transaction confirmation. We implement LEDGERHEDGER and deploy it on an Ethereum test network, showcasing its efficacy and minor overhead.

关键词： Blockchains Cryptocurrency Smart Contracts Hedging Gas Price

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ZK-SNARKs for Ballot Validity: A Feasibility Study 9th

ZK-SNARKs for Ballot Validity: A Feasibility Study

引用

9th International Joint Conference on Electronic Voting (E-Vote-ID)

作者： Huber, Nicolas Kuesters, Ralf Liedtke, Julian Rausch, Daniel Univ Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031722431;9783031722448

Electronic voting (e-voting) systems have become more prevalent in recent years, but security concerns have also increased, especially regarding the privacy and verifiability of votes. As an essential ingredient for constructing secure e-voting systems, designers often employ zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), allowing voters to prove their votes are valid without revealing them. Invalid votes can then be discarded to protect verifiability without compromising the privacy of valid votes. General purpose zero-knowledge proofs (GPZKPs) such as ZKSNARKs can be used to prove arbitrary statements, including ballot validity. While a specialized ZKP that is constructed only for a specific election type/voting method, ballot format, and encryption/commitment scheme can be more efficient than a GPZKP, the flexibility offered by GPZKPs would allow for quickly constructing e-voting systems for new voting methods and new ballot formats. So far, however, the viability of GPZKPs for showing ballot validity for various ballot formats, in particular, whether and in how far they are practical for voters to compute, has only recently been investigated for ballots that are computed as Pedersen vector commitments in an ACM CCS 2022 paper by Huber et al. Here, we continue this line of research by performing a feasibility study of GPZKPs for the more common case of ballots encrypted via Exponential ElGamal encryption. Specifically, building on the work by Huber et al., we describe how the Groth16 ZK-SNARK can be instantiated to show ballot validity for arbitrary election types and ballot formats encrypted via Exponential ElGamal. As our main contribution, we implement, benchmark, and compare several such instances for a wide range of voting methods and ballot formats. Our benchmarks not only establish a basis for protocol designers to make an educated choice for or against such a GPZKP, but also show that GPZKPs are actually viable for showing ballot validity in voting systems using Exponenti

关键词： Cryptography

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A Longitudinal Network Analysis of the Space Sector Using International Trade Data 16th

A Longitudinal Network Analysis of the Space Sector Using In...

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16th International Conference on Social Networks Analysis and Mining

作者： Guldstrand, Frank Lindstrom, Sandra Mattsson, Linn Westman, Jonatan Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI Dept Space Syst Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9783031785535;9783031785542

The space domain is attracting increasing commercial and military interest, and thus there is an interest from several parties to better understand the actors in this domain, and their interrelations and interdependencies. While there have been several methods proposed for studying separate state space actors, few attempts have been made at quantifying the intricacies of the interrelations between these actors. In this work, we propose a novel approach of modeling the interrelations between state actors in the space domain using social network analysis, based on global space trade data over a 20-year period from the International Trade Centre. We show how this data can be visualized and then utilized for longitudinal studies, demonstrating the dynamic evolution of the global space trade network over time. Although few comparable studies of the space domain have been performed, our results are in agreement with our previous research on space trends, using other quantitative and qualitative methods. Considering the increasingly "congested, contested and competitive" nature of the space domain, and the emergence of an increasingly multipolar space trade landscape, we find that the proposed method can constitute a valuable addition to any space domain analyst's toolbox.

关键词： Space Actors Space Domain International Trade Space Trade Social Network Analysis Graph Time Series Longitudinal Network Analysis

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