Question Answering (QA) datasets are crucial in assessing reading comprehension skills for both machines and humans. While numerous datasets have been developed in English for this purpose, a noticeable void exists in...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031723148;9783031723155
Question Answering (QA) datasets are crucial in assessing reading comprehension skills for both machines and humans. While numerous datasets have been developed in English for this purpose, a noticeable void exists in less-resourced languages. To alleviate this gap, our paper introduces machine-translated versions of FairytaleQA, a renowned QA dataset designed to assess and enhance narrative comprehension skills in young children. By employing fine-tuned, modest-scale models, we establish benchmarks for both Question Generation (QG) and QA tasks within the translated datasets. In addition, we present a case study proposing a model for generating question-answer pairs, with an evaluation incorporating quality metrics such as question well-formedness, answerability, relevance, and children suitability. Our evaluation prioritizes quantifying and describing error cases, along with providing directions for future work. This paper contributes to the advancement of QA and QG research in less-resourced languages, promoting accessibility and inclusivity in the development of these models for reading comprehension. The code and data is publicly available at ***/bernardoleite/fairytaleqa-translated.
This paper presents EscapeCell, a Serious Game to help undergraduate students understand plant cellular biology. Each course chapter is enriched with one mini-game, a gamification module integrated into the e-learning...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031490644;9783031490651
This paper presents EscapeCell, a Serious Game to help undergraduate students understand plant cellular biology. Each course chapter is enriched with one mini-game, a gamification module integrated into the e-learning platform and several reminders of the game in the course material. We conducted a study on 117 students to compare their exam results with a control group from last year. We also correlated the collected feedback from the students and usage tracks. This helped us measure the usefulness of specific game elements such as a non-player character that provides help and bonus information modules hidden throughout the mini-games. The preliminary results indicate that the integration of EscapeCell improves students' learning outcomes in the final exam and that Blob, the virtual tutor, facilitates the usage of the mini-games. Although the bonus information modules do not directly correlate with the final exam result, they show a positive correlation with the scores of the intermediate tests - the multiple-choice questions (MCQs) - taken by the students just after playing the mini-games.
Empathy, the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, is integral to effective communication and social interaction. In collaborative learning environments, empathy assumes even greater significance as ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031679971;9783031679988
Empathy, the ability to understand and share the feelings of others, is integral to effective communication and social interaction. In collaborative learning environments, empathy assumes even greater significance as it facilitates idea exchange and problem-solving among students. While previous studies have explored the role of empathy in collaboration, research focusing specifically on its impact on computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between students' levels of affective and cognitive empathy and their chat discussion behavior within a CSCL environment. An exploratory descriptive study with 188 students from Spain (N= 133) and Brazil (N= 55) (M-age = 15.7 years) examined how affective and cognitive empathy influence student's online discussion within a CSCL environment. This study provides initial insights into the relationship between empathy and online collaboration. The findings indicate a positive correlation between students' levels of Perspective Taking and messages oriented to socialization. While, groups with higher max values under cognitive and affective empathy demonstrated a positive correlation with task-oriented messages. This study provides novel insights into the emergence of empathy within CSCL environments and has implications for the design of online collaborative learning platforms and educational technologies.
In this study, an adaptive instructional system was developed to explore the impact of automation transparency on learning outcomes in an assembly task. Participants were instructed on an assembly process for 8 unique...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606083;9783031606090
In this study, an adaptive instructional system was developed to explore the impact of automation transparency on learning outcomes in an assembly task. Participants were instructed on an assembly process for 8 unique shapes. The system assigned either adaptive instruction, tailoring restudy based on learner performance, or static instruction, providing a fixed amount of restudy. Transparency was implemented in the form of text-based feedback provided to the learner. Participants either received transparent feedback with explanations regarding why the system assigned restudy of concepts, or general feedback without explanations. While adaptive instruction and automation transparency did not show a consistent performance improvement in the assembly task, they appeared to influence participants' perceptions of the training. The findings and implications will be discussed.
As technology continues to advance, there is a growing interest in exploring the potential of generative agents and large language model (LLM)-powered virtual students to revolutionize the field of education. In this ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031723117;9783031723124
As technology continues to advance, there is a growing interest in exploring the potential of generative agents and large language model (LLM)-powered virtual students to revolutionize the field of education. In this work, we present Evelyn AI, a LLM-powered virtual student conversation agent that we developed for pre-service teacher training in a virtual environment. Students powered by Evelyn AI exhibit varying baseline conceptual understanding levels, dynamic cognitive-affective states, and short-term memory. These features enable personalized, adaptive training and promote a more engaging and immersive learning experience for pre-service teachers. We describe the design and implementation of Evelyn AI, and report results of alpha testing to assess the utility of Evelyn AI for pre-service teacher training.
The proof of work mechanism by which many blockchain-based protocols achieve consensus may be undermined by the use of quantum computing in mining-even when all cryptographic primitives are replaced with post-quantum ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031477539;9783031477546
The proof of work mechanism by which many blockchain-based protocols achieve consensus may be undermined by the use of quantum computing in mining-even when all cryptographic primitives are replaced with post-quantum secure alternatives. First, we offer an impossibility result: we prove that quantum (Grover) speedups in solving a large, natural class of proof-of-work puzzles cause an inevitable incentive incompatibility in mining, by distorting the reward structure of mining in proof-of-work-based protocols such as Bitcoin. We refer to such distortion as the Superlinearity Problem. Our impossibility result suggests that for robust post-quantum proof-of-work-based consensus, we may need to look beyond standard cryptographic models. We thus propose a proof-of-work design in a random-beacon model, which is tailored to bypass the earlier impossibility. We conclude with a discussion of open problems, and of the challenges of integrating our new proof-of-work scheme into decentralised consensus protocols under realistic conditions.
This paper outlines challenges, considerations, informational needs, and technical assessments faced by developers of digital libraries representing cultural heritage collections. The University of Bergen Library'...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031724398;9783031724404
This paper outlines challenges, considerations, informational needs, and technical assessments faced by developers of digital libraries representing cultural heritage collections. The University of Bergen Library's Special Collections encompass four collections with differing material types and ways for disseminating content. In the effort to present a collective whole, the library has initiated the development of a unified digital solution. Due to the different nature of the collections and the existing technological stack used by the developing team, such a project presents various challenges and a series of pre-development considerations, including metadata structuring and accommodating diverse user needs. Drawing on discussions and work meetings of involved parties, the paper showcases ongoing efforts to determine the optimal approach for this in-house development. By highlighting the tasks and activities behind the development of new digital libraries presented to the public, this paper explores the complexities such as balancing ambitions and constraints, aligning processes and strategies, making technological choices, and leveraging developer expertise.
Access to reliable scientific knowledge is crucial to making informed decisions for both policymakers and citizens. However, scientific documents are inherently difficult due to their complex terminology and vernacula...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031724367;9783031724374
Access to reliable scientific knowledge is crucial to making informed decisions for both policymakers and citizens. However, scientific documents are inherently difficult due to their complex terminology and vernacular. Automatic text simplification aims to remove some of these barriers. Evaluation frameworks, which include collections and evaluation measures, are designed to assess the generated text simplifications. In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis of current text simplification evaluation measures on both scientific text and a generic corpus based on Wikipedia. Our main finding is that the currently existing measures tend to perform worse on scientific texts and on longer texts consisting of several sentences. More generally, our analysis informs the development of suitable text simplification evaluation measures for scientific texts.
Learning analytics (LA) refers to the collection, analysis, and presentation of big data to assist teachers in optimising learning conditions. Although LA has made contributions, it still has not met students' nee...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031630279;9783031630286
Learning analytics (LA) refers to the collection, analysis, and presentation of big data to assist teachers in optimising learning conditions. Although LA has made contributions, it still has not met students' needs because it does not provide sufficient actionable insights that prioritise learning over analytics. Moreover, the degree of LA adoption is still limited, and students and teachers who do adopt LA do not engage with it consistently. Our research aims to examine students' perspectives of adopting LA. The research question is as follows: "What are students' learning perceptions and satisfaction under learning analytics-based guidance?" A qualitative study that included interviews and a perception survey was conducted at a university in Greece. The factors that affected the adoption of LA were performance expectancy, feelings, and guidance, according to the findings. Student satisfaction was also high with LA-based guidance. We discuss the implications and future research for students adopting LA.
This research is a case study to examine the question "How can we sell without selling?" in accordancewith the logic of Effectuation. For this purpose, we examined the association between the activities of e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031601248;9783031601255
This research is a case study to examine the question "How can we sell without selling?" in accordancewith the logic of Effectuation. For this purpose, we examined the association between the activities of employees of medical management consulting firms and Effectual Selling. We used the method of collaborative autoethnography to study, initiating at the time when she was a working graduate student at a business school, through a period of having sideline works, and to the time when she started her own company. The result may motivate practitioners to take action, since it indicates that the Effectuation logic and the "Otherish" behavior by successful other-oriented givers who are non-salespeople stimulates long-term sales achievements.
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