In today's digital world, children are encouraged to develop a significant part of their daily lives by online means. Age assurance solutions have become essential tools to ensure the protection of their fundament...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031680236;9783031680243
In today's digital world, children are encouraged to develop a significant part of their daily lives by online means. Age assurance solutions have become essential tools to ensure the protection of their fundamental rights. This is reflected in different regulatory frameworks, strategies, codes, and recommendations concerning children's protection and a safer Internet. These solutions estimate or verify users' ages, allowing for the establishment of age restrictions for content, services, and goods. However, the intersection of safety and privacy within this field poses significant challenges, not only for children but for all Internet users. This research explores the privacy and data protection implications of age assurance, analyzing existing solutions and proposing a comprehensive privacy threat model. The threat model developed in this paper can be widely applied to improve the design and implementation of current solutions, policy and guidelines formulation, and awareness initiatives about age assurance challenges. By balancing adequate age assurance with robust and compliant data protection, we can create a digital environment for everyone that guarantees the protection of fundamental rights.
In the new global reality, distance learning has grown exponentially, and students with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), i.e., those with dyslexia, dysorthographia, or dyscalculia, struggle to learn. Because they ha...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789819742424;9789819742431
In the new global reality, distance learning has grown exponentially, and students with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), i.e., those with dyslexia, dysorthographia, or dyscalculia, struggle to learn. Because they have no direct contact with the teacher, they resort to using suitable tools and instruments, together with personalised learning plans. In addition, students with SLDs who take in-person courses must also follow an adapted didactic strategy. This problem affects millions of people around the world, and Technology Enhanced Learning currently proposes instruments and tools to help learners during their learning process. In this paper we propose a brief review of the literature about the use of Artificial Intelligence from 2018 to 2023 in the educational field specifically for dyslexic students in the post-transformer era. We aim to baseline the contribution of the use of generative and classic AI to help learners, highlighting possible strengths and weaknesses. The results of our inquiry show that in the specified years, the AI community has offered little to this field.
While the fashion industry is currently paying increasing attention to environmental pollution, the attention of "Generation Z" consumers to sustainable fashion has not yet reached a high level. Although the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031613616;9783031613623
While the fashion industry is currently paying increasing attention to environmental pollution, the attention of "Generation Z" consumers to sustainable fashion has not yet reached a high level. Although they vaguely believe that sustainable fashion should be a choice direction of daily consumption, they haven't actually implemented it in their lives, or clearly understand the environmental impact brought by consumption behavior. Based on the theory of perceived value, this study constructs a sustainable fashion application prototype named "Eco Echo". It aims to popularize the knowledge of sustainable fashion to "Generation Z" consumers while guiding them to make environmentally friendly fashion consumption choices and behaviors, thus narrowing the "green gap" in the field of sustainable fashion. Each functional module in "Eco Echo" has specific perceived value attributes, such as green value, social value, educational value, emotional value, and functional value. Users will increase the corresponding points in each module operation, and the points can then be used to unlock the corresponding honor certificate level. In addition to giving users a sense of pride, these certificates will also provide some material benefits. In the final prototype testing stage, the "Eco Echo" application has also been recognized by many consumers. In particular, the tester showed a great deal of enthusiasm by using the function of clothing environmental protection data generated by a virtual device. The educational value, which is also the main focus of our subsequent development, is embodied by this function. We believe that consumers' perceived value in the field of sustainable fashion will help to promote their behavior changes, and "Eco Echo" will contribute to narrowing the "green gap". The limitation of this study is that our project has only developed a prototype and has yet to be put into use in the market. In the future, we intend to establish contact with professional organi
Package design plays an important role as a means of communicating product information and value. In terms of package design, knowledge is needed on how to visually convey the value of the contents to better show the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031613500;9783031613517
Package design plays an important role as a means of communicating product information and value. In terms of package design, knowledge is needed on how to visually convey the value of the contents to better show the value of the product. However, in previous studies, there has not been much research on which elements of the package are looked at and what impressions are made about each one. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to clarify exactly the elements of the package that affect kansei by investigating both gaze measurement and kansei evaluation. To achieve the purpose, we will evaluate the gaze time with kansei words and discuss the results.
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in the provision of public services has increased considerably. AI is allegedly the main technology that can support the government's digital transformation agenda. ...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in the provision of public services has increased considerably. AI is allegedly the main technology that can support the government's digital transformation agenda. However, in practice, many government organizations still struggle to implement AI successfully, and research on the factors influencing governments' readiness to integrate AI is lacking. This study develops a conceptual framework containing specific factors influencing governments' readiness to implement AI. The framework comprises factors concerning data, technology, people, organization, environment, and public values. Through a systematic literature review synthesizing 42 articles, we identified 18 generic factors, 21 AI-specific factors, and 14 AI/government-specific factors. We conclude that readiness factors change throughout the stages of AI use in government, as the stage of planning and developing AI in government organizations is associated with readiness factors different from the stage of implementing AI. To our knowledge, this study is among the first to outline specific factors that characterize the stages of AI implementation in government.
This paper proposes a project-based approach to teach and improve modern translator's skills in translation technology. Based on a three-level classification [2, 12, 14] of translation tools, it discusses the moti...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789819742424;9789819742431
This paper proposes a project-based approach to teach and improve modern translator's skills in translation technology. Based on a three-level classification [2, 12, 14] of translation tools, it discusses the motivators and inhibitors of adopting current state-of-the-art translation technologies into a translator's workflow and the existing loopholes in workflow automation. Several translation scenarios in English-Chinese language pair are explored, such as Chinese term extracting, large-scale corpus building, mass process of structured language data, etc. It presents the initial finding that a high-level of workflow automation cannot be achieved with mere adoption of commercially available tools, and some ready-made tools have shortcomings like steep learning curve, high deployment cost, and hidden regulatory risks, Against this background, the paper turns away from the traditional tool-centered teaching and sets out to explore a meta-technology solution. Challenges and opportunities of introducing a digital "machine tool" technology, namely the programming languages, into the training of translators are discussed. The paper demonstrates how a translation-project-based Python course can be designed and carried out to help translation students working in English-Chinese language pair. The whole demonstration constructs a closed loop automation for a modern translator's workflow.
We present the first study that analyses and understands the information seeking behaviour of teachers and pedagogical engineers in the context of Serious Games. Although digital serious games are increasingly recogni...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031490644;9783031490651
We present the first study that analyses and understands the information seeking behaviour of teachers and pedagogical engineers in the context of Serious Games. Although digital serious games are increasingly recognized as valuable educational resources, research into teachers and pedagogical engineers' information-seeking behaviour and needs in this area remains sparse. To fill this gap, we engaged with 31 teachers to examine how they find, use and orchestrate digital serious games for their everyday classrooms. We conducted two workshops with the participants and used an elicitation toolkit to gather: teachers information sources, needs and challenges.
The security of many protocols such as voting and blockchains relies on a secure source of randomness. Decentralised Randomness Beacon (DRB) has been considered as a promising approach, where a set of participants joi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031477539;9783031477546
The security of many protocols such as voting and blockchains relies on a secure source of randomness. Decentralised Randomness Beacon (DRB) has been considered as a promising approach, where a set of participants jointly generates a sequence of random outputs. While the DRBs have been extensively studied, they failed to capture the advantage that some participants learn random outputs earlier than other participants. In time-sensitive protocols whose execution depends on the randomness from a DRB, such an advantage allows the adversary to behave adaptively according to random outputs, compromising the fairness and/or security in these protocols. In this paper, we formalise a new property, delivery-fairness, to quantify the advantage. In particular, we distinguish two aspects of deliveryfairness, namely length-advantage, i.e., how many random outputs an adversary can learn earlier than correct participants, and time-advantage, i.e., how much time an adversary can learn a given random output earlier than correct participants. In addition, we prove the lower bound of delivery-fairness showing optimal guarantee. We further analyse the delivery-fairness guarantee of state-of-the-art DRBs and discuss insights, which, we show through case studies, could help improve delivery-fairness of existing systems to its optimal.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the usability of three high-fidelity interactable prototypes with a stepper control, a slider control, and a picker control, and to suggest design improvements and recommen...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031613500;9783031613517
The purpose of this study was to investigate the usability of three high-fidelity interactable prototypes with a stepper control, a slider control, and a picker control, and to suggest design improvements and recommendations. Participants used an Apple mobile phone to complete five tasks related to smart bed angle adjustment. A usability test was used to collect quantitative data (time to complete the tasks and SUS scores), and the results were tested using repeated measures one-way ANOVA. Users' subjective attitudes and user experiences of the different programmes were also collected through post-test interviews and observations of the experimenters. The final results showed that: (1) The use of shortcut input or one-button direct access in the angle adjustment control can significantly improve the efficiency of user adjustment. (2) Avoiding the display of too many numbers in the adjustment area can improve the intuition of user operation. (3) Introducing multimodal feedback in the process of angle adjustment can help to guide the user, convey key information and state changes, and further enhance the user experience.
With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, students have reported that online classes not only lack effective teaching practices, but there is also an absence of the collaborative learning aspect that provides students with t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031601248;9783031601255
With the recent COVID-19 pandemic, students have reported that online classes not only lack effective teaching practices, but there is also an absence of the collaborative learning aspect that provides students with the ability to have quality interactions with one another and stay engaged (Dumford& Miller, 2018). The purpose of the current study was to assess the efficacy of animated and digital human avatars in comparison to traditional instructors in lecture videos. Data from 58 participants were analyzed. Participants were instructed to watch a total of four 4-7 min instructional videos and answer comprehension questions. The four videos in each condition consisted of two "Easy" Content and two "Hard" Content videos with the respective instructor type in that condition. After viewing a video, participants were asked to rate how much mental effort they devoted to understanding the information presented, and fill out questionnaires about their perceived engagement, trust in the avatar, and perceived usability of the instructional video. The results showed participants scored higher on the quizzes when the video content was hard than when it was easy. Participants also scored higher on the quiz when the video was presented with the human professor than the digital human professor. These results suggest that students may be more engaged, and as a result, showed higher quiz scores with the videos when the topic is more complex or when a human professor was present.
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