This study aims to support Project-Based Learning (PBL) in a distance environment in which teachers provide feedback to learners to facilitate learning. However, in distance PBL, it is difficult for teachers to grasp ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031679971;9783031679988
This study aims to support Project-Based Learning (PBL) in a distance environment in which teachers provide feedback to learners to facilitate learning. However, in distance PBL, it is difficult for teachers to grasp learners' learning status, and it is difficult for them to provide appropriate feedback. In this study, to assist teachers in providing feedback to learners whose learning status is not good, we estimate engagement, which is one of the mental indicators of their positive attitude toward learning, using activity reports submitted by the learners. In this paper, we analyzed the content of activity reports from perspectives other than the occurrence of negative words, which has been reported on previously. The results of the analysis suggest the possibility of estimating learner engagement and learning status through sentiment estimation using a widely used sentiment analysis program, indicating that activity reports are useful in assisting teachers in providing feedback.
In recent years, an increasing number of companies and institutions have begun the process of digitizing their physical records to promote digital access and searchability of their collections. For cost-efficiency, do...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031724367;9783031724374
In recent years, an increasing number of companies and institutions have begun the process of digitizing their physical records to promote digital access and searchability of their collections. For cost-efficiency, documents are often scanned in consecutively, resulting in large PDF files consisting of many documents. Although cost-effective, this practice can be harmful for searchability when these concatenated documents are used to build a search engine. The task of Page Stream Segmentation is concerned with recovering the original document boundaries through the analysis of the text and/or images of these PDF files. Currently, many of the approaches to solving this problem make use of machine learning techniques that require significant amounts of training data. However, due to the sometimes sensitive nature of the data, few large datasets exist, and there is a lack of agreed-upon metrics to measure system performance. In an effort to resolve these issues and provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the field, we constructed the OpenPSS benchmark, consisting of two large public datasets and a comprehensive study of various types of approaches, evaluated using multiple evaluation metrics. The datasets originated from several Dutch government institutions, cover a heterogeneous set of topics, and total roughly 141 thousand pages from around 32 thousand documents. The experimental results show that ensemble methods using both the text and image representations of pages are superior to uni-modal methods, and that image-based neural methods are not as robust as text models when evaluated on out-of-distribution data.
This article addresses the design of activity generators in the context of serious games for declarative knowledge training. Designing these generators is a complex task requiring specific knowledge and guidance, whic...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031723148;9783031723155
This article addresses the design of activity generators in the context of serious games for declarative knowledge training. Designing these generators is a complex task requiring specific knowledge and guidance, which falls under the scope of research in engineering. Our proposal is a design and implementation framework for generators of training game activities. The framework is a model and metamodel oriented software infrastructure that must be extended for domain specific facts. The resulting generators provide adapted and varied training activities in the form of dungeon levels for Roguelite-oriented games.
Recently, the utilization of videoconferencing applications has had a substantial increase in a wide range of domains, including meetings, conferences, educational activities, and safety training. The emergence of the...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783031574023
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031574016;9783031574023
Recently, the utilization of videoconferencing applications has had a substantial increase in a wide range of domains, including meetings, conferences, educational activities, and safety training. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the pivotal role these tools play in how businesses and public institutions coordinate and oversee their employees' activities. They offer the distinct advantage of accommodating a virtually unlimited number of participants, surmounting geographical constraints, and curbing the costs associated with organization and travel, all while contributing to improved environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the challenge of maintaining social interaction and engagement remains when individuals work remotely using such tools, particularly in scenarios where physical proximity with others is necessary for effective learning or training processes. Safety training is a critical aspect of disaster preparedness and prevention. Traditional safety training methods often lack realism and fail to adequately prepare people for real-world emergencies, especially in a cooperative context. This article presents the design of an immersive multi-user experience of safety training and proposes a collaborative environment for fire extinguisher training by using the Meta Quest 2 headset. Learning the procedures before operating in a real setting is the way to avoid operators' mistakes can have serious consequences on process operation and safety. We also described how to organize the training activities and conduct the evaluation.
Music can be represented by a sequence of chords. The transition between the individual chords is naturally of great importance due to the induced musical tension or the created cadence. In this work we summarize seve...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606373;9783031606380
Music can be represented by a sequence of chords. The transition between the individual chords is naturally of great importance due to the induced musical tension or the created cadence. In this work we summarize several known and less known approaches for comparing two chords of the same as well as different cardinality and calculating their distances in the corresponding chord spaces, which are used to measure transitions between individual chords.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)'s rise in education brings benefits and challenges. Tools likeGrammarly and ChatGPT have been part of our lives, particularly in the education sector. Consequently, it is important to ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031630309;9783031630316
Artificial Intelligence (AI)'s rise in education brings benefits and challenges. Tools likeGrammarly and ChatGPT have been part of our lives, particularly in the education sector. Consequently, it is important to explore how inclusive and adaptable these tools are for students from diverse cultures and languages. This study analyzes survey data from 87 undergraduate students in Canada to identify key themes such as the need for better language translation capabilities, cultural and linguistic inclusivity, and reducing bias and Eurocentrism in AI technologies. These findings form the basis of the Adaptive and Inclusive AI Learning (AIAL) theory, which emphasizes the importance of adaptability, inclusivity, and responsiveness in AI educational technologies to meet the diverse needs for students. The research highlights the need for AI educational tools to advance technologically while remaining culturally sensitive and accessible, in order to promote educational equity and for diverse learners. It suggests a collaborative approach involving cross-cultural developers, educators, and policymakers in creating AI technologies that not only enhance educational outcomes but also respect the diversity of the global student community.
SNACKs are succinct non-interactive arguments of chain knowledge. They allow for efficient and generic solutions to blockchain light-client bootstrapping. Abusalah et al. construct SNACKs in the random oracle model fo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031477508;9783031477515
SNACKs are succinct non-interactive arguments of chain knowledge. They allow for efficient and generic solutions to blockchain light-client bootstrapping. Abusalah et al. construct SNACKs in the random oracle model for any single-chain blockchain from any graph-labeling proof of sequential work (PoSW) scheme. Their SNACK construction is a PoSW-like protocol over the augmented blockchain. Unlike single-chain blockchains, such as proof-of-work and proof-of-stake blockchains, proof-of-space (PoSpace) blockchains are composed of two chains: a canonical proof chain and a data chain. These two chains are related using a signature scheme. In this work, we construct PoSW-enabled SNACKs for any PoSpace blockchain. Combined with the results of Abusalah et al., this gives the first solution to light-client bootstrapping in PoSpace blockchains. The space cost of our construction is two hash values in each augmented PoSpace block. Generating SNACK proofs for a PoSpace blockchain is identical to generating SNACK proofs for single-chain blockchains and amounts to looking up a succinct number of augmented blocks.
In this paper we present techniques to generate melodies which follow the contours coming from segments of audio signal graphs. We refer to these segments as cycles, which we model with cubic splines, focusing on the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606373;9783031606380
In this paper we present techniques to generate melodies which follow the contours coming from segments of audio signal graphs. We refer to these segments as cycles, which we model with cubic splines, focusing on the case where the audio signal has recognizable fundamental frequency. These spline models of cycles are sampled in various ways to give a sequence of values which are used to define logarithmic pitch deviations from some chosen central pitch. Melodic fragments are constructed using cycles extacted from recorded wave forms, and these same cycles are also used to construct the tones of the melodic fragments as audio segments with given pitch and duration. In this way, the musical elements of pitch, duration, and timbre are captured in the context of spline modeling of cycles.
This study evaluates a mathematics mastery learning platform used by over half a million U.S. students in grades 3-8. This platform was examined in prior research via a between-group cross-sectional design on data fro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031723148;9783031723155
This study evaluates a mathematics mastery learning platform used by over half a million U.S. students in grades 3-8. This platform was examined in prior research via a between-group cross-sectional design on data from a single school year, which found a positive relationship between time spent on the platform and standardized math test scores. Although the authors included statistical controls for prior knowledge, the influence of potential unobserved confounding and self-selection artifacts could not be ruled out. In the present study, we improve on this past work with a robust longitudinal analysis that makes use of multi-year panel data. By examining the changes in individual students' platform usage and standardized test scores across years, we were able to treat each student as their own control, thereby eliminating confounding from time-invariant student factors (e.g., general ability, motivation). We also examined possible treatment interactions across demographic groups. Using this approach, we replicated the previous findings and found positive treatment effects that did not vary across demographic subgroups - suggesting that all students benefited equally, regardless of racial background. These results are a substantial improvement over earlier research, and further demonstrate the promise of technology enhanced, mastery based learning to enhance outcomes for all students. A limitation of this approach is that we cannot rule out time-varying confounds, such as hiring a tutor or a change to school policy. We discuss additional limitations of these findings and potential avenues for obtaining greater specificity in the measurement of platform efficacy.
This paper delves into the complex landscape of digital government (or e-Government) research, exploring the concept of public value. Drawing from extensive literature from public administration, particularly the work...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747
This paper delves into the complex landscape of digital government (or e-Government) research, exploring the concept of public value. Drawing from extensive literature from public administration, particularly the works of Moore, Beck Jorgensen and Bozeman, and Rose et al., the study investigates the relationship between public value ideals, using structural equation modelling (SEM). Utilizing data from both citizens and public servants in a Swedish municipality, two models are constructed, reflecting the multifaceted nature of public values in practice. The findings highlight a disconnect between the perceived values of citizens and of public servants. While citizens prioritize efficiency and service as values to be created, public servants emphasize internal values of support for the public organization, referred to as an "institutional approach". This study contributes to the ongoing debate on public value(s) in digital government by illustrating the importance of contextual viewpoints and question the role of service provision in relation to public values. It emphasizes the need to balance generative and institutional perspectives and advocates for further research to explore the shift from "serving" to "service" in the public sector ecosystem. Through these insights, this research is intended to inform more effective strategies for digital government and public sector management in contemporary societies.
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