The problem addressed in this research is that not all nursing knowledge is captured in a way that is easy to access outside the border of a community of practice (CoP) or beyond geography or time. As nursing accounts...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031490644;9783031490651
The problem addressed in this research is that not all nursing knowledge is captured in a way that is easy to access outside the border of a community of practice (CoP) or beyond geography or time. As nursing accounts for over half the healthcare professionals globally, the role is broad in scope, performed in various healthcare settings and across the human lifespan;managing this knowledge is important. To address this problem, this research explores to what extent a serious game could elicit and evaluate specialist nursing knowledge so that it can be preserved beyond its initial use. However, no suitable game was found. Using an elaborated action design research (eADR) approach, this research designed, implemented, and evaluated a serious knowledge elicitation and evaluation game - The Nurse's Knowledge Bank. In total, three cycles of the game were played by nurses (n = 18) based in an oncology setting. From the three cycles n = 112 evaluated knowledge submissions were captured. These submissions included concepts such as 'Check patients' temperature on discharge' or 'Ensure patient has their prescription before discharge'. These submissions were mapped into two clinical terminologies, providing a means of sharing this knowledge beyond the clinic border and demonstrating that serious games could potentially have a role in knowledge management. This paper presents an overview of the development and design of the game.
In this paper, we introduce a proposal towards a formal grammatical model that captures different types of negation uniformly, in terms of pragmatic structuring. The central objective of the paper is the analysis of t...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783031608780
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031608773;9783031608780
In this paper, we introduce a proposal towards a formal grammatical model that captures different types of negation uniformly, in terms of pragmatic structuring. The central objective of the paper is the analysis of the relation between focusing and negation, modeling both 'focus negation' and 'sentential negation'. We propose a modular grammatical model, with separate but interrelated representations for syntax, semantics and information structure. We argue for a two-level analysis of negation, such that next to semantics it operates at the level of information structure. The main concern of the paper is the formal grammatical modeling of the IS-level, where negation targets the communicative function determined by the given focus structure.
We design efficient and robust algorithms for the batch posting of rollup chain calldata on the base layer chain, using tools from operations research. We relate the costs of posting and delaying, by converting them t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031488054;9783031488061
We design efficient and robust algorithms for the batch posting of rollup chain calldata on the base layer chain, using tools from operations research. We relate the costs of posting and delaying, by converting them to the same units and adding them up. The algorithm that keeps the average and maximum queued number of batches tolerable enough improves the posting costs of the trivial algorithm, which posts batches immediately when they are created, by 8%. On the other hand, the algorithm that only cares moderately about the batch queue length can improve the trivial algorithm posting costs by 29%. Our findings can be used by layer two projects that post data to the base layer at some regular rate.
Labeling style affects labeling efficiency and quality in image annotation tasks. For example, a "label quickly" style can increase labeling efficiency when the data are easy, and a "label carefully&quo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031601064;9783031601071
Labeling style affects labeling efficiency and quality in image annotation tasks. For example, a "label quickly" style can increase labeling efficiency when the data are easy, and a "label carefully" style can increase label quality when the data are difficult. However, the selection of an appropriate labeling style is difficult as different annotators have different experiences and domain knowledge, affecting their subjective feelings of data difficulties (for example, User 1 feels Data A to be easy, while User 2 feels it difficult). In this paper, we propose "Dynamic Labeling" as a control system for labeling styles used in image-labeling tasks. Our control system analyzes the labeling behaviors of annotators (i.e., label selection time) and dynamically assigns an appropriate labeling style (label quickly or label carefully). We conducted a user study to compare a conventional "nondynamic" and the proposed "dynamic" labeling approaches for an image-labeling task. The results suggest that Dynamic Labeling increased the label quality and labeling efficiency.
Pyramid schemes are investment scams in which top-level participants in a hierarchical network recruit and profit from an expanding base of defrauded newer participants. They have existed for over a century, but their...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031477508;9783031477515
Pyramid schemes are investment scams in which top-level participants in a hierarchical network recruit and profit from an expanding base of defrauded newer participants. They have existed for over a century, but their historical opacity has prevented in-depth studies. This paper presents an empirical study of Forsage, a smart-contract-based pyramid scheme with unprecedented transparency. Our study focuses on the period around 2020, when Forsage was one of the largest contracts (by gas usage) in Ethereum. In 2022, some months after initial release of this work, the U.S. SEC dubbed Forsage a "fraudulent crypto pyramid and Ponzi scheme" and filed charges against its creators and promoters. We quantify the (multi-million-dollar) gains of top-level participants as well as the losses of the vast majority (around 88%) of users. We analyze Forsage code both manually and using a purpose-built transaction simulator that we release as open source software to uncover the complex mechanics of the scheme. Through complementary study of promotional videos and social media, we show how Forsage promoters leveraged the unique features of smart contracts to lure users with false claims of trust-worthiness and profitability, and how Forsage activity is concentrated within a small number of national communities. Our analysis is the most complete study of a pyramid scheme to date.
Learning is a social process. However, online learning is characterized by social isolation. We present an AI social actor, SAMI, for fostering social interactions in online classrooms. SAMI (Social Agent Mediated Int...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031630279;9783031630286
Learning is a social process. However, online learning is characterized by social isolation. We present an AI social actor, SAMI, for fostering social interactions in online classrooms. SAMI (Social Agent Mediated Interactions) aims to mitigate the potentially adverse impact of social isolation on the learning experience and emotional well-being of geographically dispersed online learners in asynchronous educational settings. SAMI connects learners based on their shared identity considering student location, hobbies, and academic interests. It also aims to enhance the feeling of "belongingness" felt by the students in the community of online students. SAMI has been deployed at Georgia Institute of Technology in several online classes with over 11000 students in the past two years. We describe our findings from student surveys to gauge SAMI's effectiveness.
Recently, the computational complexity of the Pumping-Problem, that is, for a given finite automaton A and a value p, deciding whether the language L(A) satisfies a previously fixed regular pumping lemma w.r.t. the va...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783031661594
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031661587;9783031661594
Recently, the computational complexity of the Pumping-Problem, that is, for a given finite automaton A and a value p, deciding whether the language L(A) satisfies a previously fixed regular pumping lemma w.r.t. the value p, was considered in [H. Gruber and M. Holzer and C. Rauch. The Pumping Lemma for Regular Languages is Hard. CIAA 2023, pp. 128-140.]. Here we generalize the Pumping-Problem by investigating Bar-Hillel's context-free pumping lemma instead. It turns out that for context-free languages, the Pumping-Problem for Bar-Hillel's pumping lemma is undecidable. When restricted to regular languages, the problem under consideration becomes decidable.
The development of accurate causal models is crucial for achieving and explaining desired outcomes that require interventions. Building these models efficiently requires combining available data with expert causal kno...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031722400;9783031722417
The development of accurate causal models is crucial for achieving and explaining desired outcomes that require interventions. Building these models efficiently requires combining available data with expert causal knowledge. Often experts have unique data and model insights, but sharing them is challenging due to privacy or security concerns. Federated machine learning addresses similar issues by allowing multiple sites to collaborate on a common model without sharing private datasets. This paper introduces CCaT, a distributed causal discovery tool enabling collaborative development of a shared causal model while preserving local models and data privacy. CCaT allows each site to evaluate and refine the shared model using its private dataset, sharing only summary statistics or suggested new causal relations. The tool supports maintaining distinct local causal models, as analysts can choose to adopt or change parts of the shared model. CCaT enhances the accuracy of causal models by leveraging diverse expertise and data, achieving a generality and accuracy unattainable by individual sites. We present several common scenarios with the CCaT to demonstrate its effectiveness.
In recent years, China has entered an aging society [1]. As they age, the elderly experience a continuous decline in vision. The decrease in the transmittance of the elderly lens and the size of the pupil leads to a w...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031615429;9783031615436
In recent years, China has entered an aging society [1]. As they age, the elderly experience a continuous decline in vision. The decrease in the transmittance of the elderly lens and the size of the pupil leads to a weakened sensitivity to light [2]. In terms of color recognition, due to the degeneration of the visual nerves and the reduction of cone cells in the retina, the elderly's ability to distinguish colors deteriorates [3]. They become very sensitive to intense brightness, their sensitivity to color discrimination decreases, and as a result, their speed of processing visual information slows down [4]. Moreover, with the increase in age, cognitive abilities also decline, and the elderly will take longer than younger individuals to complete a given task [5]. Psychologically, the elderly often experience negative emotions such as anxiety and depression due to the decline in vision [6]. As of June 2023, the proportion of internet users aged 60 and over was 13% [7], and the number of elderly people using smart products has gradually increased. Therefore, in the digital age, the design of interactive interfaces plays a crucial role for the elderly in using social apps. Phone apps are commonly used social apps for the elderly. According to color psychology theory, colors have a regulatory effect on human functions and emotional changes [8]. However, most of the existing phone app interfaces are relatively monochromatic, relying solely on characters and layout to convey information. The functionality of searching, dialing, and connecting is not clear, leading to relatively difficult information recognition for the elderly and a poorer user experience.
Digital badges have been widely recognized as one of the topics of great discussion in higher education in recent years. The European Commission has presented its plan for a European approach to microcredentials with ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789819742455;9789819742462
Digital badges have been widely recognized as one of the topics of great discussion in higher education in recent years. The European Commission has presented its plan for a European approach to microcredentials with the intention of making these alternative credentials more widespread in the European education area by 2025. However, many potential stakeholders may not yet recognize or even know about digital badges. We investigated the current situation among Austrian employers, corporate recruiters, and headhunters through expert interviews. The interviews show that all the stakeholders mentioned have developed very specific points of view. We confirm that there is a widespread interest in badge use and awareness of potential benefits. Our interviews show that peer feedback from stakeholders supports the revision of current badges at multiple levels. These peer reviews should be formalized and published in a reusable and meaningful way. This leads to the conclusion that for these peer reviews to be helpful in badge development, there is an increasing demand for a platform or framework to bring structure and standardization to the growing amount of implicit and explicit feedback from HR experts.
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