It is known that human pupils are related to own interest and motivation, and the pupil dilation increases attractiveness. Focusing on the effect of pupil response, we analyzed the relationship between a speaker's...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031601064;9783031601071
It is known that human pupils are related to own interest and motivation, and the pupil dilation increases attractiveness. Focusing on the effect of pupil response, we analyzed the relationship between a speaker's speech and his/her own pupil response, and confirmed that pupils dilate in synchronization with speech. Furthermore, we developed a pupil response system that expresses various pupil responses and demonstrated its effectiveness. In particular, the pupil dilation can convey strong interest and high motivation to the speaker. Therefore, it is expected to develop an advanced system that actively engages the speaker by expressing pupil response as a listener. In this study, we developed a speech-driven listening system that mirrors the pupil response in synchronization with the speaker's speech. This system can express positive listening attitudes such as pupil responses and nodding responses. The effectiveness of this system was demonstrated by sensory evaluations.
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant promise as a technology that may improve the quality of educational practices. This includes specialized AI-powered technologies tailored for education and general AI-bas...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031723117;9783031723124
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant promise as a technology that may improve the quality of educational practices. This includes specialized AI-powered technologies tailored for education and general AI-based technologies, including recently popular generative AI tools that stakeholders are increasingly adapting for teaching and learning. Integrating AI tools into educational settings holds numerous potential pedagogical benefits, such as assisting teachers in planning lessons, promoting personalization, and enhancing student autonomy. However, concerns about bias and discrimination linked to the use of these technologies have rapidly emerged. Today, standardized evaluation criteria to assess the potential contribution of such tools to education and their reliability within the learning and teaching context are lacking. To address this gap, we build on an existing taxonomy for the evaluation of open educational resources (OER) to better suit the unique features of generative AI. The result is a six-dimensional evaluation approach that includes descriptive, pedagogical, representational, communication, scientific content, as well as the ethical and transparency dimension. We then apply this approach to examine the educational potential and ethical concerns around 30 AI tools. The analysis facilitates a critical mapping of the potential and risks of AI-powered technologies in education settings.
Advances in machine translation brought by the use of artificial neural networks and large language models are giving impetus to research and studies on its possible use for educational purposes. In this paper we cont...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789819742424;9789819742431
Advances in machine translation brought by the use of artificial neural networks and large language models are giving impetus to research and studies on its possible use for educational purposes. In this paper we contribute to the investigation about how this technology can be used to support language learning, particularly, taking into account the instructors' perspective. Building upon the state of the art in this field, we first conducted an experimental evaluation of machine translation quality and then a survey with language teachers and assistants on their perception of machine translation quality, their opinion about machine translation, and its use in educational activities, with the aim to investigate at what extent this emerging technology can support language learning and possibly be integrated into didactic practices.
Concepts and methods from theoretical physics and abstract mathematics can inspire new techniques to analyze the structure of musical compositions, seen as the unfolding of phenomena over time. Here, we consider an ad...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606373;9783031606380
Concepts and methods from theoretical physics and abstract mathematics can inspire new techniques to analyze the structure of musical compositions, seen as the unfolding of phenomena over time. Here, we consider an adaptation to music of a criterion to measure memory in quantum states (degree of non-Markovianity) and elements from the mathematical theory of musical gestures. We analyze salient features of two opera pieces, from Verdi's La forza del destino and Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, commenting the obtained results and the limits of these techniques.
One of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide is stroke, affecting the arteries leading to and within the brain. To help survivors relearn lost skills, post-stroke rehabilitation becomes a paramount part...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031610462;9783031610479
One of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide is stroke, affecting the arteries leading to and within the brain. To help survivors relearn lost skills, post-stroke rehabilitation becomes a paramount part of their life, focusing on attaining the best possible quality of life. Regardless, one main challenge is maintaining survivors' motivation, which when lost, can lead to social isolation, and possibly depression or anxiety. This work proposes the use of a Virtual Reality (VR) serious game to assist during upper-limb physical rehabilitation. The design and development were based on a Human-Centered Design (HCD) methodology with the healthcare professionals and stroke survivors from a rehabilitation center. The game narrative was carefully designed according to pre-determined gestures that survivors should perform for helping them increase upper-limb movement, based on two modes: 1- static - survivors use any arm to pick products from a supermarket shelf;2- exploratory survivors move throughout the supermarket to grab all products. During this, it is also possible to enable the mirror feature, allowing survivors to do these activities while the healthy limb is reflected. The game can also be cast to other devices for understanding and support, i.e., assessment sessions with a therapist team. We report the first impressions from healthcare professionals and stroke survivors, suggesting the VR serious game has the potential to increase survivors' motivation.
Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are a recent innovation in organizational structures, which are already widely used in the blockchain ecosystem. We empirically study the on-chain governance systems of 21...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031488054;9783031488061
Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are a recent innovation in organizational structures, which are already widely used in the blockchain ecosystem. We empirically study the on-chain governance systems of 21 DAOs and open source the live dataset. The DAOs we study are of various size and activity, and govern a wide range of protocols and services, such as decentralized exchanges, lending protocols, infrastructure projects and common goods funding. Our analysis unveils a high concentration of voting rights, a significant hidden monetary costs of on-chain governance systems, as well as a remarkably high amount of pointless governance activity.
An important prerequisite to trend-aware authoring is that scenarios be authorable and inspectable by instructors but also machine-readable such that authoring tools can assist with integrating real-world patterns int...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606083;9783031606090
An important prerequisite to trend-aware authoring is that scenarios be authorable and inspectable by instructors but also machine-readable such that authoring tools can assist with integrating real-world patterns into training. In this research, we use a semi-structured approach to authoring flight training scenarios in which textual descriptions of related scenario elements (i.e., happening at roughly the same time) are grouped together and assigned training objectives and phases of flight. This same representation can be used to represent real-world emergencies allowing their integration into scenarios for more realistic training. Such a representation is sufficient to support a recommender that ranks possible insertion points for real-world emergencies using constraints (i.e., the phase of flight of the emergency must match the phase of flight of the insertion point) and a ranking score. Our ranking score is currently based on matching training objectives associated with the emergency with training objectives in the scenario (i.e., training the same skills but using a more realistic example). The recommender is integrated into the scenario editor such that instructors can see the ranked injection points and modify the scenario by selecting one of these points.
This paper presents an incremental consistency-based diagnosis (CBD) algorithm that studies and provides explanations for erroneous human decision-making. Our approach relies on minimal correction sets to compute beli...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031552441;9783031552458
This paper presents an incremental consistency-based diagnosis (CBD) algorithm that studies and provides explanations for erroneous human decision-making. Our approach relies on minimal correction sets to compute belief states that are consistent with the recorded human actions and observations. We demonstrate that our incremental algorithm is correct and complete wrt classical CBD. Moreover, it is capable of distinguishing between different types of human errors that cannot be captured by classical CBD.
The paper addresses the comparison between static 360 panoramic images and 2D videos, both in virtual reality (VR) to analyze the best option to the used in Kansei method. This study uses a sample of 23 participants, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031613586;9783031613593
The paper addresses the comparison between static 360 panoramic images and 2D videos, both in virtual reality (VR) to analyze the best option to the used in Kansei method. This study uses a sample of 23 participants, who interacted with a virtual scenario using the OCULUS Quest 2, in two modalities, the 3D panorama, where it is possible to freely look around 360 degrees and the 2D video, where participants could observe in virtual reality an animated image. Presence and the Kansei words were evaluated: agitated/calm, uncomfortable/comfortable, devitalized/revitalized, stressed/relaxed. We verified that there are significant differences between the two modalities, and the 3D panorama has higher values on average than the 2D video, it appears that these differences did not affect the Kansei results, which are similar. We can therefore conclude that with the scenario used in this study, any of the modalities can be used, despite there being an advantage for the 3D panorama. Studies with more complex scenarios, where there is important information to the left and right of the participants, must be developed to assess whether in these cases there are more striking differences in the presence and results obtained by kansei.
Effective communication between native and non-native speakers is crucial for intercultural collaboration and successful teamwork. Non-native speakers often struggle to comprehend complex messages, which can lead to m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031679971;9783031679988
Effective communication between native and non-native speakers is crucial for intercultural collaboration and successful teamwork. Non-native speakers often struggle to comprehend complex messages, which can lead to miscommunication or exclusion. We explored using Large Language Models (LLMs) to translate complex text into summarized and simplified versions to improve readability and accessibility. We tested this approach with non-native speakers in a controlled experiment, where participants were given both complex and simplified versions of the same text. Although the simplified text was rated as easier to read, there was no significant difference in comprehension accuracy compared to the original text. This suggests that simplification might lead to a loss of critical information, impacting overall comprehension. Our findings suggest that text simplification, while enhancing readability, must be balanced against the risk of reduced comprehension accuracy. This has implications for designing communication tools in diverse and multicultural environments, emphasizing the need for a careful approach to ensure effective communication without compromising essential information.
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