This study presents a dynamic modeling framework that combines epidemiological and Input-Output analyses to evaluate the impact of a pandemic on essential occupational sectors in a nation and to assess the downstream ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9783031621390
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031621383;9783031621390
This study presents a dynamic modeling framework that combines epidemiological and Input-Output analyses to evaluate the impact of a pandemic on essential occupational sectors in a nation and to assess the downstream consequences of the unavailability of essential workforce, due to the presence of interdependency relations among infrastructures or sectors. In particular, the proposed approach relies on a compartmental SIR epidemiological model that considers different age classes. Based on such a model, the amount of unavailable essential workforce due to the pandemics is identified and fed into a Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output model (D-IIM), which in turn provides the dynamics of the degree of inoperability of the different sectors due to both the initial perturbation caused by the lack of essential workforce and to the effect of interdependency relations. The potential of the framework is demonstrated via a proof-of-concept simulation analysis for a scenario in Italy at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering realistic data.
The wide success of Bitcoin has led to a huge surge of alternative cryptocurrencies (altcoins). Most altcoins essentially fork Bitcoin's code with minor modifications, such as the number of coins to be minted, the...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031477508;9783031477515
The wide success of Bitcoin has led to a huge surge of alternative cryptocurrencies (altcoins). Most altcoins essentially fork Bitcoin's code with minor modifications, such as the number of coins to be minted, the block size, and the block generation time. In this paper, we take a closer look at Bitcoin forks from the perspective of vulnerability patching. By mining data retrieved from the GitHub repositories of various altcoin projects, we estimate the time it took to propagate relevant patches from Bitcoin to the altcoins. We find that, while the Bitcoin development community is quite active in fixing security flaws of Bitcoin's code base, forked cryptocurrencies are not as rigorous in patching the same vulnerabilities (inherited from Bitcoin). In some cases, we observe that even critical vulnerabilities, discovered and fixed within the Bitcoin community, have been addressed by the altcoins tens of months after disclosure.
With the rapid development of intelligent car technology, cars are no longer just means of transportation, but have become complex human-computer interaction systems. Therefore, user experience has become one of the k...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031613524;9783031613531
With the rapid development of intelligent car technology, cars are no longer just means of transportation, but have become complex human-computer interaction systems. Therefore, user experience has become one of the key indicators for evaluating the performance of modern intelligent cars. This study explores three scenario-based intelligent car user experience evaluation methods, namely specification-centered evaluation method, journey-centered evaluation method, and demand-centered evaluation method, aiming to reflect the user experience level of intelligent cars comprehensively and accurately. This study compared and analyzed these three evaluation methods through user surveys and real vehicle tests, proving the superiority of the demand-centered evaluation method in terms of framework, content, results, and application. This method can effectively reflect the level of intelligent car user experience by evaluating the degree of satisfaction of user demands. This research provides an important reference for the design and definition of intelligent cars.
Digital self-service solutions work well for a large variety of citizen-government interactions. However, empirical research illustrate that many citizens need support when using digital services and thus use other co...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747
Digital self-service solutions work well for a large variety of citizen-government interactions. However, empirical research illustrate that many citizens need support when using digital services and thus use other communication channels in parallel (e.g., telephone, chat, face-to-face meetings), especially for welfare benefits. Public organizations must therefore consider the total cost of digitalizing citizen-government interactions, including the support needed in multiple and parallel communication channels. In this paper, we contribute with new knowledge that can support such considerations. The aim is to develop knowledge on how public services can be characterized as to inform assessment of the suitability for digitalization and automation of a particular service. Our study is set in the Scandinavian context, and we use welfare benefits as our empirical example of public service. We build on previous research on public encounters and outline aspects that can be used to discuss different types of welfare benefits. These aspects are used to analyze four different welfare benefits, resulting in additional and inductively generated aspects. Last, we present criteria that can guide the assessment of digitalization suitability for a particular service. Our study contributes with empirical illustrations, theoretical development, and a deeper understanding of what makes some welfare benefits more suitable for digitalization and automation than others.
The objective of this work is to study quarter-tone music through the lens of harmonic series. The 11th harmonic (11/8), which corresponds to the major fourth interval, offers a remarkably precise approximation of the...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606373;9783031606380
The objective of this work is to study quarter-tone music through the lens of harmonic series. The 11th harmonic (11/8), which corresponds to the major fourth interval, offers a remarkably precise approximation of the quarter tone. By employing the "circle of major fourths," we may encompass the complete spectrum of 24 notes and establish a tuning system of quarter-tones that is based on overtones. We analyze its distinct attributes and perform a detailed examination of its impact, specifically on maqam music. To solve issues specifically related to modulation, a non-octave tuning is proposed by dividing the major fourth interval into 11 quarter-tones.
This study explores the adaptation to automation in social services, focusing on organizational challenges and skill dynamics to enhance workforce competencies. Using a sociotechnical systems perspective, it examines ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747
This study explores the adaptation to automation in social services, focusing on organizational challenges and skill dynamics to enhance workforce competencies. Using a sociotechnical systems perspective, it examines social workers' responses to implementing robotic process automation for decision-making. The analysis highlights a shift towards high-skilled labor, requiring advanced digital and interpersonal skills that can lead to job polarization and routine task automation. Key organizational challenges include resistance to automation, ethical considerations, and the need for effective communication and training. These findings emphasize the complexity of integrating automation in the public sector, necessitating transparent and inclusive strategies to build trust among employees and clients. Additionally, the study highlights competence challenges in 'shrinking' municipalities, pointing to the need for continuous skill development and organizational restructuring amidst technological advancements.
In the contemporary context of the medical field, the collaboration between technology and classical medicine becomes essential to improve the efficiency of the medical act and to be able to provide personalized care ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031630309;9783031630316
In the contemporary context of the medical field, the collaboration between technology and classical medicine becomes essential to improve the efficiency of the medical act and to be able to provide personalized care using the latest available technologies. The healthcare industry faces a number of challenges, including rising costs and a shortage of healthcare professionals. Effective and personalized medical treatment is one of the essential goals of healthcare systems spread across the globe. Distributed web infrastructure can help improve efficiency and reduce costs by simplifying communication and collaboration between healthcare providers. Distributed web systems offer a major new opportunity to improve the field through more effective interconnection and collaboration between healthcare providers and patients. Distributed web infrastructure improves data privacy and security by eliminating sensitive points. By allowing patients to share specific information with healthcare providers while maintaining privacy, they have more control over their medical data. This model of approach contributes to a model of patient-oriented medical care rather than distributing attention to the shortcomings of the information system. Decentralized data repositories and collaborative platforms can accelerate the pace of medical discovery and promote more efficient clinical trials. Integrating a distributed web infrastructure in healthcare promises to deliver personalized care and improve medical practice. This shift in direction towards decentralization will provide new opportunities for innovation, collaboration, and improving patient outcomes in the context of improved healthcare services.
In remote work environments, communication deficits pose significant challenges. To address this issue, metaverse-based virtual office systems have been developed. However, while these virtual offices provide spaces f...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031679971;9783031679988
In remote work environments, communication deficits pose significant challenges. To address this issue, metaverse-based virtual office systems have been developed. However, while these virtual offices provide spaces for conversation, they do not fully resolve communication deficits. Therefore, we focused on the barrier encountered when joining in ongoing conversations and developed a virtual office system with an overhearing function. Additionally, to address the anxiety induced by being overheard conversations, we implemented a feature to distort conversational audio. Evaluation experiments confirmed that unprocessed raw audio overhearing effectively facilitates smooth joining in conversations. On the other hand, overhearingwith distorted audio, while mitigating users' anxiety about being overheard to some extent, resulted in a compromise in the smoothness of conversation joining as a trade-off. Consequently, the need for additional system enhancements aimed at further reducing user resistancewhile facilitating smoother joining in conversations through overhearing became apparent.
As one of the most disruptive human-computer interaction techniques, Virtual Reality (VR) provides a novel way to examine human movements, e.g. when investigating Body Ownership (BO) in the field of cognitive sciences...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031490644;9783031490651
As one of the most disruptive human-computer interaction techniques, Virtual Reality (VR) provides a novel way to examine human movements, e.g. when investigating Body Ownership (BO) in the field of cognitive sciences, especially when the visual output diverges from real-world actions. Previous research in BO uses questionnaires and brain imaging, where the former is a highly subjective metric, and the latter is very costly in time, money, and personnel. To answer the question How can a VR serious game help overcome current challenges of BO assessment?, we designed Astral Body, a VR game that helps cognitive science researchers assess people's level of BO. In the game, players are asked to grab 'flying collectibles' coming from a portal in space. Researchers can inject different types and levels of asynchrony into the arms of the visualized avatar, thus affecting the players' BO experience and perception. Players, in turn, can also report whenever they perceive possible mismatched avatar behavior. In addition, researchers can analyze player data, including looking for unconscious responses, e.g. small adjustments in physical movements to mitigate injected asynchrony. Preliminary results from playtesting and qualitative analysis of Astral Bodyindicate that a VR game can effectively help researchers investigate BO phenomena.
Canada encompasses a band of territory that extends from the glaciers in the Arctic to the agricultural areas on Parallel 49th at the border with the United States. As such, the territory is sensitive to various natur...
详细信息
ISBN:
(数字)9783031621390
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031621383;9783031621390
Canada encompasses a band of territory that extends from the glaciers in the Arctic to the agricultural areas on Parallel 49th at the border with the United States. As such, the territory is sensitive to various natural disasters, from floods to wildfires to windstorms and heat waves. The balance of the different regions in the territory is such that one or two degrees of change have large consequences, such as the increase in intense wildfires and droughts. These disasters greatly affect the livability of the communities settled in these landscapes, particularly the coastal and northern First Nations communities. This paper describes how to consider the interdependencies among infrastructures and the social cost of disasters for more detailed risk assessment indices under severe climatic events.
暂无评论