For individuals with significant vision impairment, due to natural aging processes or early vision loss, descriptions of indoor scenes require a high level of precision in spatial information to convey accurate object...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319639468;9783319639451
For individuals with significant vision impairment, due to natural aging processes or early vision loss, descriptions of indoor scenes require a high level of precision in spatial information to convey accurate object relations and allow for the formation of effective mental models. This paper briefly describes a single experiment conducted within a larger study investigating the preference of spatial prepositions to describe spatial relations between objects in a vista-scale setting. The goal of the larger study is to identify a small set of spatial concepts and terms that can provide a framework for automated natural-language descriptions of indoor vista-scale environments.
With the emergence of new mobility options and various initiatives to increase the sustainability of our travel behaviour, it is desirable to gain a deeper understanding of our behavioural reactions to such stimuli. A...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319782089;9783319782072
With the emergence of new mobility options and various initiatives to increase the sustainability of our travel behaviour, it is desirable to gain a deeper understanding of our behavioural reactions to such stimuli. Although it is now possible to use GPS-tracking to record people's movement behaviour over a longer period, there is still a lack of computational methods which allow to detect and evaluate such behaviour change processes in the resulting datasets. In this study, we propose a data mining method for describing individual persons' mobility behaviour change processes based on their movement trajectories and clustering participants based on the similarity of these behavioural adaptations. We further propose to use a decision tree classifier to semantically explain the derived clusters in a human-interpretable form. We apply our method to a real, longitudinal movement dataset.
Real-time maps (with temporal and spatial resolution: 1-10 Hz and similar to 1 cm, respectively) of cortical activation can be obtained by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which noninvasively measures co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319639468;9783319639451
Real-time maps (with temporal and spatial resolution: 1-10 Hz and similar to 1 cm, respectively) of cortical activation can be obtained by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which noninvasively measures cortical hemodynamic changes (as oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin changes). The very recent launch in the market of commercial wireless/wearable fNIRS systems encourages their application in the field of human navigational studies to be carried out in the real-life situations.
Real-world behaviors of human road users in a non-regulated space (shared space) are complex. Firstly, there is no explicit regulation in such an area. Users self-organize to share the space. They are more likely to u...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319782089;9783319782072
Real-world behaviors of human road users in a non-regulated space (shared space) are complex. Firstly, there is no explicit regulation in such an area. Users self-organize to share the space. They are more likely to use as little energy as possible to reach their destinations in the shortest possible way, and try to avoid any potential collision. Secondly, different types of users (pedestrians, cyclists, and vehicles) behave differently. For example, pedestrians are more flexible to change their speed and trajectory, while cyclists and vehicles are more or less limited by their travel device-abrupt changes might lead to danger. While there are established models to describe the behavior of individual humans (e.g. Social Force model), due to the heterogeneity of transport modes and diversity of environments, hand-crafted models have difficulties in handling complicated interactions in mixed traffic. To this end, this paper proposes using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks based deep learning approach to model user behaviors. It encodes user position coordinates, sight of view, and interactions between different types of neighboring users as spatio-temporal features to predict future trajectories with collision avoidance. The real-world data-driven method can be trained with pre-defined neural networks to circumvent complex manual design and calibration. The results show that ViewType-LSTM, which mimics how a human sees and reacts to different transport modes can well predict mixed traffic trajectories in a shared space at least in the next 3 s, and is also robust in complicated situations.
Decline of hippocampal function with age has many effects, including deficits in episodic memory and spatial orientation. Motivated by research in cognitive psychology and behavioral neuroscience showing the importanc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319639468;9783319639451
Decline of hippocampal function with age has many effects, including deficits in episodic memory and spatial orientation. Motivated by research in cognitive psychology and behavioral neuroscience showing the importance of environmental boundaries in spatial mapping, we tested adult and aged rats in a simple reorientation task involving both environmental boundary geometry and landmarks. We find preliminary evidence that aged rats are impaired in their ability to reorient, particularly with respect to boundary geometry.
The study implements a workflow to evaluate the effects of different data sampling methods and interpolation methods, when measuring and modelling a river bathymetry based on point data. Interpolation and sampling str...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319782089;9783319782072
The study implements a workflow to evaluate the effects of different data sampling methods and interpolation methods, when measuring and modelling a river bathymetry based on point data. Interpolation and sampling strategies are evaluated against a reference data set. The evaluation of the results includes critically discussing characteristics of the input data, the used methods and the transferability of the results. The results show that the decision for or against a particular sampling method and for a specific setting of the parameters can certainly have a great influence on the quality of the interpolation results. Further, some general guidelines for the acquisition of bathymetries are derived from the study results.
Explicitly linking text documents to geographical space is an important processing step for applications such as map visualization, spatial querying, and placename disambiguation. In this work, we present a proof-of-c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319639468;9783319639451
Explicitly linking text documents to geographical space is an important processing step for applications such as map visualization, spatial querying, and placename disambiguation. In this work, we present a proof-of-concept processing pipeline to generate spatial footprints for a spatially-rich, manually-annotated corpus of hiking blogs. We present preliminary results obtained by exploiting the spatially-focused nature of our input data and the rich placename resources at our disposal. Future work will fully automate the pipeline and systematically examine the influence of processing decisions on the footprints and downstream tasks.
Historical photographs are a very rich source of information that can be useful in a variety of different contexts such as environmental analyses, land planning and illustration of landscape evolution. However to reac...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319782089;9783319782072
Historical photographs are a very rich source of information that can be useful in a variety of different contexts such as environmental analyses, land planning and illustration of landscape evolution. However to reach this goal the images must be accurately georeferenced. In this paper we propose to use the crowd to perform the 3D georeferencing of collections of historical images. To this goal we implemented a web 3D georeferencer that offers volunteers the possibility to semi-automatically identify 1. the location of the point from where a picture has been taken, 2. the three angles: tilt, roll and yaw and 3. the field of view. A virtual web-based globe is the central element in this tool that allows both for the georeferencing in three dimensions by volunteers and for the visualization of georeferenced images to assess the landscape variation through time. In this paper we evaluate the method and the georeferencer and give suggestions for further developments and exploitation of the database.
We present work from an on-going project to develop techniques of automated cartography. We introduce Artificial Cognitive Maps as an approach to integrating insights from spatial cognition with geographic data. The u...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319639468;9783319639451
We present work from an on-going project to develop techniques of automated cartography. We introduce Artificial Cognitive Maps as an approach to integrating insights from spatial cognition with geographic data. The ultimate goal is to drive highly contextual map views that more effectively support navigation tasks such as travelling across large, complex cities. With a focus on our now ubiquitous small screen mobile devices, we propose that distortions on the traditional metric cartographic representation may support a reduction in cognitive load for the user, but that the logic and parameters of these distortions should be founded on the natural distortions present in our cognitive representations of geographic objects and their relation.
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