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Errors in the Short-Term Forest Resource Information Update

Errors in the Short-Term Forest Resource Information Update

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Luoma, Ville Vastaranta, Mikko Eyvindson, Kyle Kankare, Ville Saarinen, Ninni Holopainen, Markus Hyyppa, Juha Univ Helsinki Dept Forest Sci Latokartanonkaari 7 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland Finnish Geospatial Res Inst Natl Land Survey Geodeetinrinne 2 Masala 04310 Finland Finnish Geospatial Res Inst Ctr Excellence Laser Scanning Res Masala 02431 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

Currently the forest sector in Finland is looking towards the next generation's forest resource information systems. Information used in forest planning is currently collected by using an area-based approach (ABA) where airborne laser scanning (ALS) data are used to generalize field-measured inventory attributes over an entire inventory area. Inventories are typically updated at 10-year interval. Thus, one of the key challenges is the age of the inventory information and the cost-benefit trade-off between using the old data and obtaining new data. Prediction of future forest resource information is possible through growth modelling. In this paper, the error sources related to ALS-based forest inventory and the growth models applied in forest planning to update the forest resource information were examined. The error sources included (i) forest inventory, (ii) generation of theoretical stem distribution, and (iii) growth modelling. Error sources (ii) and (iii) stem from the calculations used for forest planning, and were combined in the investigations. Our research area, Evo, is located in southern Finland. In all, 34 forest sample plots (300 m(2)) have been measured twice tree-by-tree. First measurements have been carried out in 2007 and the second measurements in 2014 which leads to 7 year updating period. Respectively, ALS-based forest inventory data were available for 2007. The results showed that prediction of theoretical stem distribution and forest growth modelling affected only slightly to the quality of the predicted stem volume in short-term information update when compared to forest inventory error.

关键词： Growth modelling Forest planning GIS Airborne laser scanning Forest inventory

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MapReduce Based Scalable Range Query Architecture for Big Spatial Data

MapReduce Based Scalable Range Query Architecture for Big Sp...

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Eken, Suleyman Kizgindere, Umut Sayar, Ahmet Kocaeli Univ Dept Comp Engn Engn Fac Umuttepe Campus TR-41380 Izmit Kocaeli Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

Finding all objects that overlap a given range query is very important in terms of extraction useful information from big spatial data. In this study, in order to be able to realize range query on large amounts of spatial data, three datasets are created with different size and a MapReduce computation model is set up to test scalability of range queries. Experimental results show that process times for range query reduce with increase of conventional machines.

关键词： Big spatial data Range query MapReduce Scalability

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Application of Web-GIS for Dissemination and 3D Visualization of Large-Volume LiDAR Data

Application of Web-GIS for Dissemination and 3D Visualizatio...

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Kulawiak, Marcin Kulawiak, Marek Gdansk Univ Technol Fac Elect Telecommun & Informat Dept Geoinformat Narutowicza St 11-12 PL-80233 Gdansk Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

The increasing number of digital data sources, which allow for semi-automatic collection and storage of information regarding various aspects of life has recently granted a considerable rise in popularity to the term "Big data". As far as geospatial data is concerned, one of the major sources of Big data are Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) scanners, which produce high resolution three-dimensional data on a local scale. The recent introduction of relatively low-cost LiDAR scanners has sparked a revolution in photogrammetry, as the technology offers data quality and cost-effectiveness which greatly outmatch traditional techniques. As a result, the volume and density of collected three-dimensional terrain data is growing rapidly, which in turn increases the pressure on development of new solutions dedicated to processing this data. This paper presents a concept system for web-based storage, processing and dissemination of LiDAR data in a geographic context. Processing and dissemination of LiDAR data in a web environment requires the data to be converted into a format which is fit for processing via DHTML. Because of this the presented system uses the emerging 3D Tiles open standard for serving LiDAR point clouds alongside reconstructed 3D models of buildings to remote users. The system provides remote presentation of LiDAR data in a web environment by means of Cesium, an open source GIS library for 3D visualization of geospatial data. The concept system has been tested using large volumes of LiDAR data collected in the Pomeranian region in Poland, with particular focus on the area of the Tricity, which is a large agglomeration consisting of Gdansk, Sopot and Gdynia. Presented results indicate that the combination of Cesium and 3D Tiles constitute a promising set of open standards for dissemination and visualization of LiDAR data in a web environment.

关键词： GIS Web LiDAR 3D Processing

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Mapping Emotions: Spatial Distribution of Safety Perception in the City of Olomouc

Mapping Emotions: Spatial Distribution of Safety Perception ...

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Panek, Jiri Paszto, Vit Marek, Lukas Palacky Univ Olomouc Dept Dev Studies Fac Sci 17 Listopadu 12 Olomouc 77146 Czech Republic Palacky Univ Olomouc Dept Geoinformat Fac Sci 17 Listopadu 50 Olomouc 77146 Czech Republic Univ Canterbury Dept Geog Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8041 New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

Places are strongly linked with emotions and can be considered safe or unsafe, pleasant or ugly, favourite or boring among other emotions. Subjective perceptions of a city can be valuable sources of information for city planners and a local administration. Among the above-mentioned emotions that have an effect on the quality of life for people in a city, the perception of safety has a prominent position. Safety and fear of criminality affect our interaction with public spaces the most. But criminality does not have to be the only reason people feel uncomfortable in a city, they may also be afraid of the darkness or the friendlessness of a place. The paper describes the mapping of unsafe places in the city of Olomouc via a paper-based questionnaire and a web-based crowdsourcing tool PocitoveMapy. cz. In total, the authors collected answers from 661 respondents;144 used the online tool and 517 used the paper-based version. The final dataset comprises 1516 places (453 online/1063 questionnaire). The data were gathered over the period between 1st October and 2nd December 2015. The authors collected data that are gender specific as well and time of day specific, therefore it was possible to analyse the differences between daytime and night-time fearful places in the city as well as places that are perceived unsafe by women and men. The spatial density analysis, local correlations and hexagonal aggregation revealed hot-spots that are felt by the citizens of Olomouc to be unsafe. The strongest agreement in votes can mainly be found in the three localities with the densest localisation of votes. In these localities, a strong correlation exists also between the perception of fear during the daytime and the night-time. The results of the case study can be used by the local police department or administration authorities in the future development of safety strategies for the city.

关键词： Emotional mapping Subjective data Unsafe places Olomouc Spatial correlation Geovisualisation

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Datasets of Basic Spatial Data in Chosen Countries of the European Union

Datasets of Basic Spatial Data in Chosen Countries of the Eu...

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Cada, Vaclav Marvalova, Jindra Musilova, Barbora Univ West Bohemia Fac Sci Appl Geomat Sect Dept MathTech 8 Plzen 30614 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

The fundaments for creating high-quality European data infrastructure, which is based on different national data infrastructures, are good basic spatial data of individual European countries. The purpose of using this infrastructure is especially European environmental policy. Expected quality calls for appropriate methods of data collection, its content and management. On national level the need of actual data with guaranteed quality applied to decision making in public administration, is much more important. Geographic data fulfilling such requirements should distinguish itself by high level of details, information about ownership or higher accuracy. Activities in passive infrastructure, transport infrastructure, spatial planning and other services explicitly require such type of geodata. The aim of this paper is to compare the content of national datasets, the level of detail and quality, collection method and data management in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic according to chosen criteria.

关键词： European data infrastructure National data infrastructures Geographic data Geographic information National datasets Vector database State map series

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Creating Large Size of Data with Apache Hadoop

Creating Large Size of Data with Apache Hadoop

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Ruzicka, Jan Kocich, David Orcik, Lukas Svozilik, Vladislav VSB Tech Univ Ostrava Fac Min & Geol Inst Geoinformat 17 Listopadu 15-2172 Ostrava 70833 Czech Republic VSB Tech Univ Ostrava Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept Telecommun 17 Listopadu 15 Ostrava 70833 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

The paper is focused on research in the area of building large datasets using Apache Hadoop. Our team is managing an information system that is able to calculate probability of existence of different objects in space and time. The system works with a lot of different data sources, including large datasets. The workflow of data processing is quite complicated and time consuming, so we were looking for some framework that could help with system management and, if possible, to speed up data processing as well. Apache Hadoop was selected as a platform for enhance our information system. Apache Hadoop is usually used for processing large datasets, but in a case of our information scystem is necessary to perform other types of tasks as well. The systems computes spatio-temporal relations between different types of objects. This means that from relatively small amount of records (thousands) are built relatively large datasets (millions of records). For this purposes is usually used PostgreSQL/PostGIS database or tools written in Java or other language. Our research was focused to determination if we could simply move some of this tasks to Apache Hadoop platform using simple SQL editor like Hive. We have selected two types of common tasks and tested them on PostgreSQL and Apache Hadoop (Hive) platform to be able compare time necessary to complete these tasks. The paper presents results of our research.

关键词： Data creating Apache hadoop Cloudera Hive PostgreSQL

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Surveying of Open Pit Mine Using Low-Cost Aerial Photogrammetry

Surveying of Open Pit Mine Using Low-Cost Aerial Photogramme...

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Kovanic, Ludovit Blist'an, Peter Zeliznakova, Vladislava Palkova, Jana Tech Univ Kosice Inst Geodesy Cartog & Geog Informat Syst Fac Min Ecol Proc Control & Geotechnol Pk Komenskeho 19 Kosice 04200 Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

For the geodetic survey of the terrain surface, the use of conventional surveying methods and instruments is common. New technologies, such as e.g. UAVs and their combination with a digital camera, bring new opportunities also in the documentation of Earth's surface. This combination of technologies allows the low-cost digital photogrammetry use to document the Earth's surface in relation to mining activities. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to analyse the accuracy of the digital elevation model obtained using low-cost UAV photogrammetry. The surface mine Jastraba (Slovakia) was chosen as the test area. The mine has morphologically dissected surface and is thus suitable for verifying the use of UAV photogrammetry to capture fairly intricate details on the surface. The use of UAV in a photogrammetric survey of the mine brings new opportunities for the creation of documentation because with this technology we can measure the entire surface in detail, create orthophoto maps of the entire area and document inaccessible parts of the area such as sludge dumps, steep slopes, etc.

关键词： Low-cost UAV Photogrammetry Point cloud

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Applicability of Support Vector Machines in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping

Applicability of Support Vector Machines in Landslide Suscep...

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Karell, Lukas Munko, Milan Duraciova, Renata Slovak Univ Technol Bratislava Dept Theoret Geodesy Fac Civil Engn Radlinskeho 11 Bratislava 81005 Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

Landslides in Slovakia are followed by great economic loss and threat to human life. Therefore, implementation of landslides susceptibility models is essential in urban planning. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the possible applicability of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) in landslides susceptibility prediction. We have built a classification problem with two classes, landslides and stable areas, and applied SVMs algorithms in the districts Bytca, Kysucke Nove Mesto and Zilina. A spatial database of landslides areas and geologically stable areas from the State Geological Institute of Dionyz Stur were used to fit SVMs models. Four environmental input parameters, land use, lithology, aspect and slope were used to train support vector machines models. During the training phase, the primal objective was to find optimal sets of kernel parameters by grid search. The linear, polynomial and radial basis function kernels were computed. Together 534 models were trained and tested with LIBLINEAR and LIBSVM libraries. Models were evaluated by Accuracy parameter. Then the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and landslides susceptibility maps were produced for the best model for every kernel. The best predictive performance was gained by radial basis function kernel. This kernel has also the best generalization ability. The results showed that SVMs employed in the presented study gave promising results with more than 0.90 (the area under the ROC curve (AUC) prediction performance.

关键词： Landslide susceptibility Machine learning Support vector machines Validation Receiver operating characteristic

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Integration of Heterogeneous Data in the Support of the Forest Protection: Structural Concept

Integration of Heterogeneous Data in the Support of the Fore...

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Chalachanova, Jana Faixova Duraciova, Renata Papco, Juraj Jakus, Rastislav Blazenec, Miroslav Slovak Univ Technol Bratislava Fac Civil Engn Dept Theoret Geodesy Radlinskeho 11 Bratislava 81005 Slovakia Slovak Acad Sci Inst Forest Ecol Ludovita Stura 2 Zvolen 96053 Slovakia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

The basic precondition for effective management and protection of a forest is a concept built on modern methods of collection, processing, analysis and publication of spatial data about forest coverage, as well as its health status. This paper provides a structural concept for integration of heterogeneous data in the support of the forest protection with implementation of the latest methods of remote sensing data collection. The main principles of the structural concept of Forest protection management system (FPMS) result from the assessment of the current and new available data sources (represented by the Diagram of data sources), data analysis and development of innovative mathematical techniques of image processing (represented by the Diagram of methods and tools). Mind maps of the proposed diagrams were created in the free mind mapping application FreeMind. The structural concept is represented by an analytical model of the co-operation of data sources, tools and applications. The dynamic structure was proposed using Unified Modelling Language (UML). The Diagram of the use cases is represented by a Use Case Diagram in UML. The Diagram of the processes, which describes the main processes realized within forest protection management, is represented by an Activity Diagram in UML. The UML diagrams were created in open-source software StarUML. The resulted structural concept of FPMS is the basis of a predictive model improvement and a web application development for the forest protection from the bark beetle.

关键词： Data modelling Satellite data UAV technology Forest protection Predictive model

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Spatio-Temporal Variation of Accessibility by Public Transport-The Equity Perspective

Spatio-Temporal Variation of Accessibility by Public Transpo...

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GIS Symposium on the Rise of Big Spatial Data

作者： Stepniak, Marcin Goliszek, Slawomir Polish Acad Sci Inst Geog & Spatial Org Ul Twarda 51-55 PL-00818 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319451237;9783319451220

The growth of large, open datasets coupled with an acceleration of technical developments, including GIS solutions, opens the door to new challenges in transport research. One of the emerging fields of research is the temporal dynamics of accessibility. The increase in availability of General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data permits the inclusion of very detailed, schedule-based travel time information. In the study presented we focus on the spatial and temporal variation in accessibility by public transport in the city of Szczecin (Poland). This paper advocates the necessity of incorporating a temporal component in accessibility analysis. We conducted a full day analysis for 1 day using averaged 15-min-long time periods at a very detailed spatial scale (enumeration districts). Based on the calculated origin-destination matrix in 96 time-profiles we calculated the potential accessibility indicator. Then we investigated spatial disparities and their variability during the day-long observation. Apart from the well-known spatial disparities in accessibility level, our findings underline the uncertainty of the accessibility pattern. Moreover, the results show that less accessible areas are also more affected by the daily variation in accessibility level. The findings provide a more realistic insight into accessibility patterns which will be useful for transport planners and policy makers.

关键词： Accessibility Public transport Open data GTFS Spatial and temporal analysis Szczecin

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