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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography"

共 1042 条记录，以下是361-370 订阅

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Cartographic Memory Preservation of the Petropolis City in Brazil: Koeler Map Scanning Using Photographic Survey 28th

Cartographic Memory Preservation of the Petropolis City in B...

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28th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Fernandes, Manoel do C. Laeta, Taina dos Santos, Deivison F. de Menezes, Paulo M. L. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro Dept Geog Lab Cartog Rio De Janeiro RJ Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783319573366;9783319573359

Historical cartographic documents have been increasingly essential to several studies, especially when understanding how the current forms of a landscape are structured. In this regard, these documents, along with the assistance of new digital technologies, are preserved and made available to the public. This research focused on investigating the Koeler Plan, a document providing guidance on urban planning for the development of the city of Petropolis. The plan's milestone is the Petropolis Map (1846), which became known as Koeler Map, in honor of its creator. The map was made at a scale of 1: 5,000 and contains different cartographic elements such as hydrography, public parks, streets, blocks, and land reserved for public and religious buildings. This research aims to digitally reproduce this map, since its restoration and further use are quite difficult due to its current conditions. The methodology comprises photographic survey techniques using a high resolution digital camera and a track system which moves the camera vertically and horizontally. Several tests were made using multiple georeferencing algorithms to check which of them would better adjust into a mosaic the 191 photographs taken and preserve the features for the digital map generation. The process was developed in five pairs of photographs distributed along the map area, using ArcGIS 10.1 software with different transformations: Zero Order Polynomial, 1st Order Polynomial (Affine), 2nd Order Polynomial, 3rd Order Polynomial, Adjust, Projective Transformation, and Spline. After georeferencing these pairs, a test was made based on the distortions produced in area and length, in addition to the RMS for each transformation. From these results, it was found that the 1st Order Polynomial (Affine) transformation had lower distortion values for the photographs, which allowed a highest quality photo mosaicking.

关键词： Koeler map Photographical survey Preservation of archives

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Using the A^☆ Algorithm to Find Optimal Sequences for Area Aggregation 28th

Using the A<SUP>☆</SUP> Algorithm to Find Optimal Sequences...

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28th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Peng, Dongliang Wolff, Alexander Haunert, Jan-Henrik Univ Wurzburg Chair Comp Sci 1 Wurzburg Germany Univ Bonn Inst Geodesy & Geoinformat Bonn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319573366;9783319573359

Given two land-cover maps of different scales, we wish to find a sequence of small incremental changes that gradually transforms one map into the other. We assume that the two input maps consist of polygons that constitute a planar subdivision and belong to different land-cover classes. Every polygon in the small-scale map is the union of a set of polygons in the large-scale map. In each step of the sequence that we compute, the smallest area in the current map is merged with one of its neighbors. We do not select that neighbor according to a prescribed rule but define the whole sequence of pairwise merges at once, based on global optimization. An important requirement for such a method is a formalization of the problem in terms of optimization objectives and constraints, which we present together with a solution that is based on the so-called A(star) algorithm. This algorithm allows us to limit the exploration of the search space such that we can compute solutions of high quality in reasonable time. We tested the method with a dataset of the official German topographic database ATKIS and discuss our results.

关键词： Continuous map generalization Land cover Type change Compactness Graph Optimization

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Cross-Scale Analysis of Sub-pixel Variations in Digital Elevation Models 28th

Cross-Scale Analysis of Sub-pixel Variations in Digital Elev...

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28th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Ghandehari, Mehran Buttenfield, Barbara P. Farmer, Carson J. Q. Univ Colorado Dept Geog Boulder CO 80309 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319573366;9783319573359

Terrain is modeled on a grid of pixels, assuming that elevation values are constant within any single pixel of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (a 'rigid pixel' paradigm). This paradigm can generate imprecise measurements because it does not account for the slope and curvature of the terrain within each pixel, leading to precious information being lost. In order to improve the precision of interpolated points, this paper relaxes the rigid pixel assumption, allowing possible sub-pixel variations (a 'surface-adjusted' paradigm) to be used to interpolate elevation of arbitrary points given a regular grid. Tests based on interpolating elevation values for 5000 georeferenced random points from a DEM are presented, using the rigid pixel paradigm and different interpolation methods (e.g., Weighted Average, Linear, Bi-linear, Bi-quadratic, Bi-cubic, and best fitting polynomials) within different contiguity configurations (i.e., incorporating first and second order neighbors). The paper examines the sensitivity of surface adjustment to a progression of spatial resolutions (10, 30, 100, and 1000 m DEMs), evaluating sub-pixel variations that can be directly measured from 3 m resolution LIDAR data.

关键词： Digital elevation models Rigid pixel paradigm Sub-pixel estimation Surface-adjusted analysis

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A Big Geo Data Query Framework to Correlate Open Data with Social Network Geotagged Posts 20th

A Big Geo Data Query Framework to Correlate Open Data with S...

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20th Conference on Geographic Information Science of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Libraries-in-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Bordogna, Gloria Capelli, Steven Psaila, Giuseppe CNR IREA Via Bassini 15 I-20133 Milan Italy Univ Bergamo DIGIP Viale Marconi 5 I-24044 Dalmine BG Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783319567594;9783319567587

The objective of this paper is to fill in the gap existing between the need of business companies and analysts to spatially correlate open geo-data and social network geo-tagged information, and the lack of tools to enable this task in an easy way. To this end we propose a novel declarative query language named J-CO (JSON Collections) to perform complex queries on heterogeneous collections of data stored within a NoSQL database as JSON objects.

关键词： Collections of JSON objects Geo-tagged data sets Query language for geographical analysis Powerful spatial operators

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On the Way to Create Individualized Cartographic Images for Online Maps Using Free and Open Source Tools 28th

On the Way to Create Individualized Cartographic Images for ...

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28th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Szigeti, Csaba Albert, Gaspar Ilyes, Virag Kis, David Varkonyi, David Eotvos Lorand Univ Doctorate Sch Earth Sci Budapest Hungary Eotvos Lorand Univ Dept Cartog & Geoinformat Budapest Hungary Eotvos Lorand Univ Dept Survey Stat Budapest Hungary Eotvos Lorand Univ Fac Informat Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9783319573366;9783319573359

The goal of the research was to create online maps with dynamically changing cartographic images according to the users' map reading skills, by only using open source tools and resources. The maps were designed for three map reader groups (beginners, intermediates and experts). We used OpenStreetMap and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data to create the maps in QGIS. To display the maps online, we used QGIS Server on the server side, and OpenLayers on the client side. Based on earlier studies on map reading skills and cognitive load, the map design and generalization aimed to maximize the map reading efficiency of the target group. In the grouping process, an online test was used to measure the map reading competences of the map readers, such as the interpretation of hypsography, orientation skills, distance and travel time estimation, interpretation of map symbols, interpretation of geographic names and interpretation of topographic objects. The design and generalization of the map features were based on the map data categories (such as hypsography, coverage, roads, etc.) and they are different on the three maps.

关键词： Open source Individualized maps QGIS Experimental cartography

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Data Classification for Highlighting Polygons with Local Extreme Values in Choropleth Maps 28th

Data Classification for Highlighting Polygons with Local Ext...

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28th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Schiewe, Jochen HafenCity Univ Hamburg Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319573366;9783319573359

Following the general demand for task-orientation in map design, one specific task will be examined here: the preservation and highlighting of local extreme values in choropleth maps. Extreme value polygons are ones that show a larger (local maximum) or smaller (local minimum) attribute value compared to all directly neighboring polygons. For a visual identification in a classified choropleth map, such a polygon must belong to a class other than the surrounding polygons. However, data classification methods that are commonly used in the process of generating choropleth maps are data-driven, i.e., the intervals are determined solely on the basis of the present frequency distribution of the original values. With such a division along the number line, the spatial context of the underlying data is completely neglected and with that the desired categorization for local extreme values is not guaranteed. As a consequence, a new method (called PLEX) is presented for this purpose. The application and the effectiveness of this method will be demonstrated using real-world examples.

关键词： Choropleth mapping Data classification Task-oriented

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A Confidence-Based Approach for the Assessment of Accessibility of Pedestrian Network for Manual Wheelchair Users 28th

A Confidence-Based Approach for the Assessment of Accessibil...

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28th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Gharebaghi, Amin Mostafavi, Mir-Abolfazl Edwards, Geoffrey Fougeyrollas, Patrick Morales-Coayla, Patrick Routhier, Francois Leblond, Jean Noreau, Luc Laval Univ Ctr Res Geomat Quebec City PQ Canada Laval Univ Ctr Interdisciplinary Res Rehabil & Social Integr Quebec City PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783319573366;9783319573359

An obvious way to assist people with disabilities in their efforts to move around in urban areas is to offer information regarding accessible path segments that take into account their specific needs. Providing safe navigation in urban areas for people with disabilities can substantially enhance their opportunities for full social participation and the exercise of their basic rights. In order to offer these people information on accessible paths, we need to assess the accessibility of pedestrian networks. Accessibility is the result of interactions between the individual and the environment. These interactions need to be more carefully considered when we evaluate accessibility for persons with disabilities. This paper proposes a new approach for assessing accessibility, based on user confidence while moving around in urban space. For validation purposes, the proposed approach is applied in the Saint-Roch area of Quebec City using confidence information from 127 manual wheelchair users. The results are presented and discussed and further research perspectives are proposed.

关键词： Accessibility Pedestrian networks Confidence Wheelchair user Modeling Dynamic segmentation

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Location Spoofing in a Location-Based Game: A Case Study of Pokemon Go 28th

Location Spoofing in a Location-Based Game: A Case Study of ...

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28th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Zhao, Bo Chen, Qinying Oregon State Univ Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci Corvallis OR 97331 USA Temple Univ Sch Media & Commun Philadelphia PA 19122 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319573366;9783319573359

The worldwide Pokemon Go fever has brought location spoofing into the public's spotlight. Location spoofing is an intentional act to masquerade locational information to somewhere other than the actual location where a network communication takes place. In the realm of cartography and GIScience, compared with well-studied spatial quality issues, our knowledge of location spoofing is still quite limited. By reviewing five frequently-conducted location spoofing techniques for Pokemon Go, this paper critically examines location spoofing as an emerging spatial data quality issue. To unveil the hidden motivation for location spoofing, we discuss the uneven spatial distribution of game rewards through mapping a large volunteered data set of worldwide Pokemons, and gaze at the major actors in the location-based game, including location spoofers, game designers, hackers and bots. Though the research scope of this paper lies in a location-based game per se, location spoofing widely exists in Internet applications and is not fundamentally different from other deceptive phenomena in the real world. We encourage cartographers and GIScientists to face this spoofing phenomena head-on in order to promote more effective and trustworthy uses of geospatial big data.

关键词： Location spoofing Location-based game Spatial data quality Actor-network theory

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Personal Activity Centres and Geosocial Data Analysis: Combining Big Data with Small Data 20th

Personal Activity Centres and Geosocial Data Analysis: Combi...

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20th Conference on Geographic Information Science of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Libraries-in-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Robertson, Colin Feick, Rob Sykora, Martin Shankardass, Ketan Shaughnessy, Krystelle Wilfrid Laurier Univ Dept Geog & Environm Studies Waterloo ON Canada Univ Waterloo Sch Planning Waterloo ON Canada Loughborough Univ Ctr Informat Management Sch Business & Econ Loughborough Leics England Wilfrid Laurier Univ Dept Hlth Sci Waterloo ON Canada Univ Ottawa Dept Psychol Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783319567594;9783319567587

Understanding how people move and interact within urban settings has been greatly facilitated by the expansion of personal computing and mobile studies. Geosocial data derived from social media applications have the potential to both document how large segments of urban populations move about and use space, as well as how they interact with their environments. In this paper we examine spatial and temporal clustering of individual's geosocial messages as a way to derive personal activity centres for a subset of Twitter users in the City of Toronto. We compare the two types of clustering, and for a subset of users, compare to actual self-reported activity centres. Our analysis reveals that home locations were detected within 500 m for up to 53% of users using simple spatial clustering methods based on a sample of 16 users. Work locations were detected within 500 m for 33% of users. Additionally, we find that the broader pattern of geosocial foot-prints indicated that 35% of users have only one activity centre, 30% have two activity centres, and 14% have three activity centres. Tweets about environment were more likely sent from locations other than work and home, and when not directed to another user. These findings indicate activity centres defined from Twitter do relate to general spatial activities, but the limited degree of spatial variability on an individual level limits the applications of geosocial footprints for more detailed analyses of movement patterns in the city.

关键词： Geosocial Personal activity centres Clustering Spatial analysis

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Spatio-Temporal Road Coverage of Probe Vehicles: A Case Study on Crowd-Sensing of Parking Availability with Taxis 20th

Spatio-Temporal Road Coverage of Probe Vehicles: A Case Stud...

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20th Conference on Geographic Information Science of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Libraries-in-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Bock, Fabian Attanasio, Yuri Di Martino, Sergio Leibniz Univ Hannover Inst Cartog & Geoinformat Hannover Germany Univ Naples Federico II Naples Italy Univ Naples Federico II Dept Elect Engn & Informat Technol Naples Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783319567594;9783319567587

Finding a parking space is a key mobility problem in urban scenarios. Parking Guidance Information (PGI) systems could mitigate this issue, but they require information about on-street parking availability. An encouraging solution discussed in the literature is crowd-sensing by a fleet of probe vehicles, which can continuously scan the current state of parking lanes during their regular trips. Nevertheless, the achievable spatio-temporal coverage of such a fleet is still an open point. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the suitability of a fleet of taxis as probe vehicles for parking crowd-sensing. In particular, we exploited a dataset of real-world trajectories collected from about 500 taxis over 3 weeks in San Francisco (USA), to extract their movement patterns. The quality of achievable parking information is determined by combining these patterns with availability data collected from parking sensors in about 400 road segments. For that, the last sensing of a taxi is considered as an estimate of parking availability in a road segment. Results of movement patterns show a heterogeneous distribution in time and space. Nevertheless, already about 500 taxis are enough to provide availability information with a maximal deviation of one parking space per road segment in about 90% of time steps. Thus, taxis show a high suitability as probe vehicles for crowd-sensing parking information.

关键词： Parking search On-street parking Taxi trajectories Crowd sourcing

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