This book provides a detailed overview of the concepts, techniques, applications, and methodological approaches involved in land use and cover change (LUCC) modeling, also known simply as land change modeling. More th...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783319608006
This book provides a detailed overview of the concepts, techniques, applications, and methodological approaches involved in land use and cover change (LUCC) modeling, also known simply as land change modeling. More than 40 international experts in this field have participated in this book, which illustrates recent advances in LUCC modeling with examples from North and South America, the Middle East, and Europe. Given the broad range of geomatic approaches available, it helps readers select the approach that best meets their needs. The book is structured into five parts preceded by a foreword written by Roger White and a general introduction. Part I consists of four chapters, each of which focuses on a specific stage in the modeling process: calibration, simulation, validation, and scenarios. It presents and explains the fundamental ideas and concepts underlying LUCC modeling. This is complemented by a comparative analysis of the selected software packages, practically applied in various case studies in Part II and Part III. Part II discusses recently proposed methodological developments that have enhanced modeling procedures and results while Part III offers case studies as well as interesting, innovative methodological proposals. Part IV revises different fundamental techniques used in LUCC modeling and finally Part V describes the best-known software packages used in the applications presented in Parts II and III.
Many roads which still cross the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range to connect the two plateaus in the centre of Spain date back to Roman times. The mountain passes of Somosierra, Navacerrada, La Fuenfria and Guadarr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319252445;9783319252421
Many roads which still cross the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range to connect the two plateaus in the centre of Spain date back to Roman times. The mountain passes of Somosierra, Navacerrada, La Fuenfria and Guadarrama were consolidated between the Middle Ages and the eighteenth century as necessary stages on the routes from Bayonne (France) to Madrid and Andalusia. In particular, the passes of La Fuenfria and Guadarrama linked the San Lorenzo de El Escorial Monastery and Segovia with the Spanish capital, and were progressively improved by the Bourbon kings, as was reflected in detail in Spanish maps. As strategic passes, they played an important role during the Peninsular War, and consequently they were also mapped by English and French cartographers. Much of the cartography from before, during and after this war comprises a largely unpublished collection of very interesting maps that are held in Spanish archives. The objectives of this research were, firstly, to study and disseminate the maps of these mountain passes produced around the time of the war. Secondly, to analyse the collaboration of Spanish cartographers with their European colleagues, a process which began with Philip V in 1700 and continued throughout the eighteenth century. And, thirdly, to analyse the influence of this cartography on post-war maps.
Though battlefield tourism dates at least to the Battle of Waterloo, the few years after the First World War brought tourists and pilgrims to battlefield sites and cemeteries in unprecedented numbers. Guidebooks to th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319252445;9783319252421
Though battlefield tourism dates at least to the Battle of Waterloo, the few years after the First World War brought tourists and pilgrims to battlefield sites and cemeteries in unprecedented numbers. Guidebooks to the Western Front appeared in similarly unprecedented numbers, chiefly for British Commonwealth, American, and French readers. Foremost among them were those published by Michelin, which were distinctive from their competitors in their commitment to the private automobile as a means for touring the front. Michelin battlefields guidebooks combined historical narratives of campaigns;dramatic photographs of towns and landscapes during and after the war;and narrative battlefield tours, panoramas, and maps. The itineraries demonstrated a sophisticated understanding of the advantages automobility afforded tourists in the comprehension of battlefield topography, tactics, and chronology. Characterizing battlefield tourism as a form of pilgrimage, they were minimally commercial in approach but patriotic in tone. As such, they were suitable counterparts to the battlefield monuments and cemeteries memorializing the conflict, then under construction. At the same time, the guides and their maps illustrated the ironic ease with which the motor tourists who used these guidebooks could traverse territory so recently mired in bitter conflict notorious for its immobility cannot be overlooked. Michelin's battlefield guides marked the emergence of an automobile tourism and mapping that emphasized both free-ranging exploration of the countryside and national patriotic education.
Imperfections, often called 'uncertainties', exist in almost every spatio-temporal dataset, especially in historical data. They are of different types (unreliability, inaccuracy.) and concern every data dimens...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319337838
Imperfections, often called 'uncertainties', exist in almost every spatio-temporal dataset, especially in historical data. They are of different types (unreliability, inaccuracy.) and concern every data dimension (space, time and theme). Based on previous work, this article proposes a synthesis qualitative classification of imperfection types. This classification has been assessed with domain experts (hydrologists, geophysicians and GIScientists working in a railway company) during an experiment, that gave positive results towards the use of this classification. Participants were also asked to evaluate the seriousness of each imperfection type in an analysis context. This evaluation has allowed to associate a quantitative index to each imperfection type and to visualize a quantity of imperfection attached to each spatial object in a map.
Mapillary is a VGI platform which allows users to contribute crowd-sourced street level photographs from all over the world. Due to unique information that can be extracted from street level photographs but not from a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319337838
Mapillary is a VGI platform which allows users to contribute crowd-sourced street level photographs from all over the world. Due to unique information that can be extracted from street level photographs but not from aerial or satellite imagery, such as the content of road signs, users of other VGI Web 2.0 applications start to utilize Mapillary for collecting and editing data. This study assesses to which extent OpenStreetMap (OSM) feature edits use Mapillary data, based on tag information of added or edited features and changesets. It analyzes how spatial contribution patterns of individual users vary between OSM and Mapillary. A better understanding of cross-linkage patterns between different VGI platforms is important for data quality assessment, since cross-linkage can lead to better quality control of involved data sources.
Encouraging pedestrian activity is increasingly recognised as beneficial for public health, the environment and the economy. As our cities become more crowded, there is a need for urban planners to take into account m...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319337838
Encouraging pedestrian activity is increasingly recognised as beneficial for public health, the environment and the economy. As our cities become more crowded, there is a need for urban planners to take into account more explicitly pedestrian needs. The term that is now in use is that a city should be 'walkable'. For route planning, whereas much attention has been given to shortest path, in distance or time, much less attention has been paid to flow levels and the difficulties they pose on the route. This paper considers problems posed by conflicting paths, for example cross-traffic. We use network centrality measures to make a first estimate of differing levels of conflict posed at the network nodes. We take special note of the role of collective motion in determining network usage. A small case study illustrates the method.
During World War I the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire) were burdened by the heterogeneous structure of their military mapping-facilities. Nevertheless, in the end they produc...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319252445;9783319252421
During World War I the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire) were burdened by the heterogeneous structure of their military mapping-facilities. Nevertheless, in the end they produced far more maps than the Allied Powers. The German cartographers, without any overstatement, created the lion's share because they were present on all the fronts from Flanders via the Balkans to the Near East. This article explores pre-war cartographic efforts, looks at the various types of maps that were produced during the war, and traces the dramatic development of cartographic technology that occurred as a result. The following discussion focuses on maps created for the army. Maps for use by aviation units are discussed in a separate chapter.
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