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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography"

共 1042 条记录，以下是451-460 订阅

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Estimating the Biasing Effect of Behavioural Patterns on Mobile Fitness App Data by Density-Based Clustering 19th

Estimating the Biasing Effect of Behavioural Patterns on Mob...

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19th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Bergman, Cecilia Oksanen, Juha Natl Land Survey Finland Finnish Geospatial Res Inst Dept Geoinformat & Cartog Kyrkslatt Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319337838

Crowd-sourced data of high spatial and temporal resolution can provide a new basis for mobility analyses given that its various types of biases distorting the results are identified and adequately handled. In this paper, trajectory patterns that can affect the validity of mobile fitness app data are examined by means of cycling trajectories (n = 50,524) from the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, in Finland. In addition to mass events and group journeys, we evaluated the biasing effect of routes that have been repeatedly recorded by the same application user. Based on the results, repeatedly recorded commuting routes may skew fitness application data more than group patterns. Many of the changes in the frequencies and length distributions at different temporal granularities before and after extracting the 'bias patterns' were statistically significant. Also the skewed distribution of tracks among users (i. e. contribution inequality) became more even. The biases induced by behavioural patterns ought to be considered when evaluating the validity of fitness app data in analyses of general mobility behaviour and when designing value-added applications based on the data. Considering the trade-off between privacy and data accuracy regarding dissemination of sensitive crowd-sourced movement data, the findings emphasise the importance of preserving the possibility to detect individual-level phenomena in order to produce valid analysis results.

关键词： Crowdsourcing Big Data Fitness apps Cycling Trajectory similarity Clustering

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A New Kind of Map for a New Kind of World: 1919, the Peace, and the Rise of Geographical cartography 5th

引用

5th International Symposium of the ICA Commission on the History of cartography

作者： Nekola, Peter Newberry Lib Hermon Dunlap Smith Ctr Hist Cartog Chicago IL 60610 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319252445;9783319252421

The years immediately following the First World War saw an increasingly widespread acceptance of a concept of the geographical understood not as the description of location, but as the study of the earth's surface conditions. This concept was philosophically unique in several ways. Firstly, representing conditions did not entail representing discrete units or objects with fixed or necessary identities. Conditions were understood as neither purely subjective nor objective but as dynamic phenomena subject to informed interpretation. Secondly, maps were designed and arranged to encourage correlation among such conditions, thus making substantive geographical knowledge of an area possible. This correlation process and the maps it employed did not assume or represent discrete political units, empires, or nations, as essential categories. Arguably, this concept of the geographical effectively constituted a critique of such units, ultimately regarding them as inadequate assumptions for substantive geographical study. I suggest that the timing of the articulation of this "geographical cartography" was no coincidence. A profound dissatisfaction with territorial thinking as a worldview had been a strong intellectual current after the War, as was the appeal of increasingly compelling alternatives. The articulation of geographical cartography and the concomitant rejection of territorial maps in many publications after the War may be considered an example of such dissatisfaction.

关键词： Maps

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Visualizing Location Uncertainty on Mobile Devices: Assessing Users' Perception and Preferences 19th

Visualizing Location Uncertainty on Mobile Devices: Assessin...

引用

19th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Ranasinghe, Champika Manel Kray, Christian Univ Munster Situated Comp & Interact Lab Inst Geoinformat Munster Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319337838

Location information is rarely perfectly accurate: usually it is subject to variations, errors and uncertainty, which may affect the quality of location-based services such as Pedestrian Navigation Systems (PNS). Visualizing location uncertainty is one option to address this issue. However, it is unclear how users interpret these visualizations. This paper investigated whether different types and styles of visualizing location uncertainty on mobile devices have an impact on user's perceptions, and which options they prefer. We also proposed a new visualization (cloud shape) to represent location uncertainty and compared it to the two existing shapes (circle and colored street segments-CSS). Results indicate that the design and the style of a visualization influence users' understanding of where they are located. More importantly, results indicated that the cloud could be a better option to visualize the uncertainty if the uncertainty of location information is very high. These findings can be used by the designers to modify/change the shape and style of the visualization to provide users with a more accurate picture of the quality of location information.

关键词： Visualizing uncertainty Localization Pedestrian navigation Tracking Mobile human computer interaction

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Position Mapping: cartography, Intelligence, and the Third Battle of Gaza, 1917 5th

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5th International Symposium of the ICA Commission on the History of cartography

作者： Radunzel, Joel Syracuse Univ Syracuse NY 13244 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319252445;9783319252421

World War I saw numerous innovations in military cartography. In the Palestine theater as elsewhere, the British and Dominion forces leveraged new technologies, including aerial photography and wireless intercepts, to supplement their use of intelligence to map enemy troop positions. The creation and distribution of these position maps by the 7th Field Survey Company for the Third Battle of Gaza in late 1917 represented an innovative process of intelligence-gathering, map production, and knowledge distribution. This paper not only examines the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) along with its subordinate intelligence assets and cartographic organizations as a comprehensive mapping system, but also elaborates upon David Woodward's cartographic framework to study the creation of the 7th Field Survey Company's position maps as well as their utility, accuracy, and effectiveness. Woodward's framework divides the map production process into four phases: information gathering, information processing, document distribution, and document use. Elements of the EEF were involved in each of these phases during the Third Battle of Gaza. This mapping system was cyclical insofar as the operations that these maps helped to facilitate also gathered further information that fed into the next cycle's product. As the condition of the battlefield and the nature of the operations changed, so too did the value of various modes of intelligence gathering, with varying effects on the accuracy and utility of the position maps. The utility of the position map technique is apparent in its reintroduction prior to the EEF's final offensive in 1918.

关键词： Maps

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Continuous Generalization of Administrative Boundaries Based on Compatible Triangulations 19th

Continuous Generalization of Administrative Boundaries Based...

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19th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Peng, Dongliang Wolff, Alexander Haunert, Jan-Henrik Univ Wurzburg Chair Comp Sci 1 Wurzburg Germany Univ Osnabruck Inst Geoinformat & Remote Sensing IGF Osnabruck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319337838

Continuous generalization aims to produce maps at arbitrary scales without abrupt changes. This helps users keep their foci when working with digital maps interactively, e.g., zooming in and out. Topological consistency is a key issue in cartographic generalization. Our aim is to ensure topological consistency during continuous generalization. In this paper, we present a five-step method for continuously generalizing between two maps of administrative boundaries at different scales, where the larger-scale map has not only more details but also an additional level of administrative regions. Our main contribution is the proposal of a workflow for generalizing hierarchical administrative boundaries in a continuous and topologically consistent way. First, we identify corresponding boundaries between the two maps. We call the remaining boundary pieces (on the larger-scale map) unmatched boundaries. Second, we use a method based on so-called compatible triangulations to generate additional boundaries for the smaller-scale map that correspond to the unmatched boundaries. Third, we simplify the resulting additional boundaries. Fourth, we determine corresponding points for each pair of corresponding boundaries using a variant of an existing dynamic programming algorithm. Fifth, we interpolate between the corresponding points to generate the boundaries at intermediate scales. We do a thorough case study based on the provinces and counties of Mainland China. Although topologically consistent algorithms for the third step and the fifth step exist, we have implemented simpler algorithms for our case study.

关键词： Map Scale Topological consistency Dynamic programming Morphing Rubber-sheeting Mainland China

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Urban Emotions: Benefits and Risks in Using Human Sensory Assessment for the Extraction of Contextual Emotion Information in Urban Planning

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Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)

作者： Zeile, Peter Resch, Bernd Exner, Jan-Philipp Sagl, Guenther Univ Kaiserslautern Dept CAD & Planning Methods Urban Planning & Arch Kaiserslautern Germany Salzburg Univ Dept Geoinformat Z GIS Salzburg Austria Heidelberg Univ Chair GISci Heidelberg Germany Harvard Univ Ctr Geog Anal Cambridge MA 02138 USA Carinthia Univ Appl Sci Dept Geoinformat & Environm Technol Salzburg Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783319183688;9783319183671

This chapter introduces the 'Urban Emotions' approach. It focuses on integrating humans' emotional responses to the urban environment into planning processes. The approach is interdisciplinary and anthropocentric, i.e. citizens and citizens' perceptions are highlighted in this concept. To detect these emotions/perceptions, it combines methods from spatial planning, geoinformatics and computer linguistics to give a better understanding of how people perceive and respond to static and dynamic urban contexts in both time and geographical space. For collecting and analyzing data on the emotional perception to urban space, we use technical and human sensors as well as georeferenced social media posts, and extract contextual emotion information from them. The resulting novel information layer provides an additional, citizen-centric perspective for urban planners. In addition to technical and methodological aspects, data privacy issues and the potential of wearables are discussed in this chapter. Two case studies demonstrate the transferability of the approach into planning processes. This approach will potentially reveal new insights for the perception of geographical spaces in spatial planning.

关键词： Urban planning

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Research on User Preferences for the Functionality of Web Maps 27th

Research on User Preferences for the Functionality of Web Ma...

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27th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Balciunas, Andrius Beconyte, Giedre Vilnius Univ Ctr Cartog MK Ciurlionio 21 Vilnius Lithuania

ISBN: (纸本)9783319177380;9783319177373

The quality of operations that can be interactively performed by users (map functions) is crucially important in the use of interactive Web maps. The concept of map functionality encompasses the capabilities provided to the user, such as viewing, analysis, or integral management of map elements. This chapter presents a framework and Web-based application for research on the functionality of Web maps. Special tools have been designed for the collection of information about users' preferences in an interactive way. The Web-based application CartoUI (***) allows users to express their ideas about interactive map functions and map layout by compiling their own Web map prototypes. The chapter also introduces statistics yielded by study of 75 users who had created different prototypes of simple maps. Their preferences were analysed in order to prepare general user-driven requirements for Web maps presented in the paper.

关键词： Web maps Internet maps Functionality Quality assessment Map functions Map usability Interactive map

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Pragmatic Incremental or Courageous Leapfrog [Re]Development of a Land-use and Transport Modelling System for Perth, Australia

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Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)

作者： Biermann, Sharon Olaru, Doina Taplin, John H. E. Taylor, Michael A. P. Univ Western Australia Sch Earth & Environm Planning & Transport Res Ctr Perth WA 6009 Australia Univ Western Australia Sch Business Planning & Transport Res Ctr Perth WA 6009 Australia Univ Western Australia Sch Business Perth WA 6009 Australia Univ South Australia Sch Nat & Built Environm Adelaide SA 5001 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319183688;9783319183671

Responding to land-use and transport modelling requirements, identified through a rigorous stakeholder engagement process, current land-use and transport modelling practices in Perth, Western Australia were examined and benchmarked against world-wide best practice. Three alternative model systems were proposed and evaluated. The preferred option, PLATINUM (Perth LAnd and Transport INtegrated Urban Model), is the more radical option, avoiding duplication and other resource inefficiencies, yet not discarding specialised and advanced work already undertaken. The unique contextual design challenges relate to the current modelling situation in Perth. It is concluded that designing model systems should explicitly acknowledge the current system in use and solutions should specify the pathway from the existing situation to the new model system. In addition, the two-edged sword of experience should be recognised as both a positive influence in terms of innovation awareness but carefully handled in relation to potential negative influences of path-dependent, 'incrementality' at the expense of embracing more radical innovations.

关键词： Land use

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Spatial Prediction of Landslide Hazard at the Yihuang Area (China): A Comparative Study on the Predictive Ability of Backpropagation Multi-layer Perceptron Neural Networks and Radial Basic Function Neural Networks 27th

Spatial Prediction of Landslide Hazard at the Yihuang Area (...

引用

27th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Hong, Haoyuan Xu, Chong Revhaug, Inge Bui, Dieu Tien China Earthquake Adm Inst Geol Key Lab Act Tecton & Volcano 1 HuayanliPOB 9803 Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Jiangxi Meteorol Bur Jiangxi Prov Meteorol Observ Nanchang 330046 Peoples R China Norwegian Univ Life Sci Dept Math Sci & Technol N-1432 As Norway Telemark Univ Coll Fac Arts & Sci Dept Business Adm & Comp Sci N-3800 Bo Telemark Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9783319177380;9783319177373

The aim of this study is to investigate potential applications of multi-layer perceptron neural networks (MLP Neural Nets) and radial basis function neural networks (RBF Neural Nets) for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Yihuang area (China). First, a landslide inventory map with 187 landslide locations was generated, and then the map was randomly partitioned into a ratio of 70/30 for training and validating models. Second, 14 landslide conditioning factors (slope, altitude, aspect, topographic wetness, sediment transport index (STI), stream power index (SPI), plan curvature, distance to rivers, distance to faults, distance to roads, land use, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), lithology, rainfall) were prepared. Using MLP Neural Nets and RBF Neural Nets, two landslide susceptibility models were constructed and two landslide susceptibility maps were generated. Finally, the two resulting landslide susceptibility maps were validated using the landslide locations and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method. The validation results showed that the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for the two landslide models produced by MLP Neural Nets and RBF Neural Nets are 0.932 and 0.765 for success rate curve and 0.757 and 0.725 for prediction rate curve, respectively. The results showed that the MLP Neural Nets model is better than the RBF Neural Nets model in this study. The results may be useful for general land use planning and hazard mitigation purposes.

关键词： Neural networks Radial basic function Landslide

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Who's Smart? Whose City? The Sociopolitics of Urban Intelligence

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Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)

作者： Goh, Kian MIT Dept Urban Studies & Planning Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319183688;9783319183671

Visions of the "smart city" are becoming reality, translated from the realm of concepts into actual urban space. Proponents of smart city technologies invoke their potential to free us from the drudgery of urban life and solve our environmental problems. But can "smart cities" save us? There has been long-standing resistance to the scientific, positivist basis for planning. What happens when intelligent plans encounter messy politics, social systems, and divergent scales of urban governance? This paper explores the promises of "smart cities" and their stated rationale, and grounds a review of theoretical paradigms with new empirical research in Singapore and London. I present two key findings: First, there is no one "smart city," even within a city. Second, differences in scales and ideologies of urban governance across cities have significant impact on the way that actors frame their priorities and objectives around the role of urban technologies. Finally, I speculate on the ways that urban networked systems might enable and empower a transformative planning.

关键词： Smart city

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