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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography"

共 1042 条记录，以下是481-490 订阅

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Complementary Methods for Citizen Mapping of Ecosystem Services: Comparing Digital and Analog Representations 27th

Complementary Methods for Citizen Mapping of Ecosystem Servi...

引用

27th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Edsall, Robert M. Barbour, Laura Hoffman, Johanna Idaho State Univ Dept Hist Pocatello ID 83209 USA Univ Idaho McCall Outdoor Sci Sch Moscow ID 83843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319177380;9783319177373

In June 2014, the authors organized and led a citizen mapping activity for primary and secondary teachers with the dual goal of educating them about ecosystem services of a local river (and its environs) and empowering them as contributors of important social information about the valuation of their local ecosystem. We employed two methods to enable this citizen mapping: an "analog" method, using Mylar sheets, dry-erase markers, and print-outs of a satellite view of the area of interest;and a "digital" method, employing Collector for ArcGIS and related databases to create a community map of ecosystem services in real time. This chapter reports on the similarities and differences in content and style of the resulting maps, and in engagement and behavior of the participants. As citizen-enabled geospatial inquiry (in the form of both contributions and analysis of geographic data) continues to grow, an examination of multiple ways of enabling that inquiry is relevant and required. We conclude that, in the context of an open-ended citizen mapping activity with the intent to empower participants and collect survey-like geo-referenced data, both techniques are recommended to document the phenomenon and attitudes about it most completely.

关键词： Collaborative mapping Map design Citizen science

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Recoding Embedded Assumptions: Adaptation of an Open Source Tool to Support Sustainability, Transparency and Participatory Governance

引用

Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)

作者： Minner, Jennifer S. Cornell Univ Dept City & Reg Planning Ithaca NY 14853 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319183688;9783319183671

This chapter traces the adoption of Envision Tomorrow, an open source planning support tool, in a large-scale planning effort within the Austin metropolitan region. A regional consortium of public, nonprofit, and private organizations was awarded a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Sustainable Communities grant to create and deploy an analytical tool for the assessment of district, community and regional-scale scenarios. Several dimensions of Envision Tomorrow are described in the chapter including its use: as a tool in participatory plan-making;as an analytical process that extends and structures how planners perform analysis;as a PSS that focuses on quantifiable sustainability indicators and thus supports the inscription of particular definitions of sustainability;and as a conduit of exchange between planners and university researchers and between planners and members of the public. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the virtues of transparency and adaptability. It also reveals embedded assumptions that represent both sources of promise and concern in the application of a PSS in planning processes.

关键词： Transparency

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Knowledge-Mining the Australian Smart Grid Smart City Data: A Statistical-Neural Approach to Demand-Response Analysis

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Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)

作者： Motlagh, Omid Foliente, Greg Grozev, George CSIRO Land & Water 37 Graham Rd Highett Vic 3190 Australia Univ Melbourne Fac Architecture Bldg & Planning Melbourne Vic 3010 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319183688;9783319183671

Large scale field trials of smart grid technologies provide important insights as they capture the complex interdependencies of all the key variables, including consumer behaviours, which are needed for their effective evaluation. We present the Australian Smart Grid Smart City program and describe its big data using a narrative approach to hasten understanding and further analyses by others. Then we present a novel statistical-neural approach to maximise knowledge extraction from large datasets of diurnal load profiles, and demonstrate its use in evaluating the effectiveness of two cost-reflective product offerings, a Network-type and a Retail-type product bundle. The methods of analyses include Principal Component Analysis and Self-Organising Mapping. The results for the mid-winter electricity consumption profiles of participating households in July 2013 in New South Wales showed consumption behaviour changes with up to 12 % reduction in relative peak demand at 700 households who accepted the offerings compared to the control group. The resultant load factor of the high consuming outliers improved by about 18 % under demand-response compared to the control group. The feature-based classifier also revealed which behavioural components change due to users' demand-response activities;results compared favourably with third party consumer survey results.

关键词： Smart power grids

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Leveraging Cellphones for Wayfinding and Journey Planning in Semi-formal Bus Systems: Lessons from Digital Matatus in Nairobi

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Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)

作者： Klopp, Jacqueline Williams, Sarah Waiganjo, Peter Orwa, Daniel White, Adam Columbia Univ Ctr Sustainable Dev New York NY 10115 USA MIT Dept Urban Studies & Planning 77 Massachustts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA Univ Nairobi Sch Comp & Informat Nairobi 30197 Kenya Groupshot Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319183688;9783319183671

For many cities in the developing world, public transit consists mainly of semi-formal mini-buses (paratransit). However, little to no digital information is typically available on routes, bus stops, passenger boarding, service frequency or scheduled trip times. Cities that rely on these bus systems can benefit from the generation of digital data on these systems for planning and passenger information purposes. Perhaps more importantly, this data can provide the ability to generate citizen-based information tools, such as transit routing applications for mobile devices widely discussed in the smart cities dialog (Townsend in Re-Programming mobility: the digital transformation of transportation in the United States, 2014). Through our work in Nairobi, this paper shows that cell-phone technology that is ubiquitous in most countries can be used to generate a dataset in an open standard, GTFS. Citizens can then leverage open source tools made for that standard, enhancing access to information about the transit system. We argue that one of the most important components of our work in Nairobi was the engagement process that created trust in the data and knowledge of its existence for the development of civic technologies. The lessons learned in Nairobi can be translated to other areas with the potential to use mobile applications to develop data on essential urban infrastructure and to extend the use of that data by sharing it with a larger community.

关键词： Buses

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Sentient PSS for Smart Cities

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Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)

作者： Deal, Brian Pallathucheril, Varkki Kim, Yong Wook Pan, Haozhi Univ Illinois Dept Urban & Reg Planning Room 228 Temple Buell Hall 611 Taft Dr Champaign IL 61820 USA American Univ Sharjah Coll Architecture Art & Design Sharjah 26666 U Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9783319183688;9783319183671

Being "smart" has become the Holy Grail for cities and city developers around the world. The idea of a smart city however, has been mostly limited to real-time data acquisition from ever expanding sensor networks. Utilizing these data in thinking about the future, planning, or decision-making has been largely overlooked. Developing a useful planning support system (PSS) for a smart city requires that the PSS possesses a degree of sentience-an awareness of application context and user needs-that few if any current PSSs currently possess. In this chapter we seek to make a case for sentient PSS by first briefly examining the notion of sentience from a computing perspective and by presenting case studies of emerging sensor-driven sentient computing applications. These case studies help us identify essential characteristics of a sentient PSS. We then consider how these characteristics might be manifested based on our experiences in PSS development. We argue, as we have elsewhere, that use-driven development-testing and refining the system in real-world applications-must be the signature of future work on a sentient PSS. We conclude with a discussion on potential challenges and paths forward.

关键词： Smart city

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Crowdsourcing for Geodesign: Opportunities and Challenges for Stakeholder Input in Urban Planning 27th

Crowdsourcing for Geodesign: Opportunities and Challenges fo...

引用

27th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Borges, Junia Jankowski, Piotr Davis, Clodoveu A., Jr. Univ Fed Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil San Diego State Univ San Diego CA 92182 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319177380;9783319177373

This chapter examines the relationship between geodesign and crowdsourcing, informing urban planning by collecting the opinions of stakeholders. It focuses on conditions for facilitating democratic participation in urban planning in light of the Brazilian legal framework, and on possible interactions between participatory urban planning and crowdsourcing. Collecting opinions, preferences, and impressions by a local community is a fundamental aspect of public participation in planning, seeking valuable information that can be used in geodesign. We demonstrate how online crowdsourcing techniques can be used to efficiently gather citizen views and opinions. A case study developed as part a course taught at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, called Collaborative Mapping and Citizen Participation, is presented. In the case study, students were asked to develop a volunteered geographic information (VGI) project to collect and analyze urban values of citizens of the Sao Luiz and Sao Jose neighborhoods in the Pampulha region in Belo Horizonte, and to show different approaches to using citizens as information providers. We demonstrate how simple mapping techniques can be instrumental and revealing citizen stakeholder preferences and values affecting spatial organization of urban areas.

关键词： Geodesign Crowdsourcing Volunteered geographic information

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Generalization Problems of Orienteering Maps 27th

Generalization Problems of Orienteering Maps

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27th International Cartographic Conference (ICC)

作者： Zentai, Laszlo Eotvos Lorand Univ Dept Cartog & Geoinformat Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9783319177380;9783319177373

Orienteering maps are special types of topographic maps. This chapter describes the generalization issues of orienteering maps, including several problems of various disciplines and different map specifications (especially foot orienteering and sprint orienteering). Some of the generalization problems are caused by the very detailed base maps (either made by stereophotogrammetry or by using laser scanning data), because the mapmakers of orienteering maps are regularly nonprofessional volunteers. Therefore, there is a high risk of creating over-detailed, illegible orienteering maps.

关键词： Generalization Orienteering maps Map specifications

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Visualization Methods for Linking Scientific and Local Knowledge of Climate Change Impacts

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Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)

作者： Lieske, Scott N. Martin, Kari Grant, Ben Baldwin, Claudia Univ Sunshine Coast Fac Arts & Business Maroochydore Qld 4558 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783319183688;9783319183671

Planning support systems for smart cities and spatial planning more broadly must be able to help communities confront the combined effects of climate change: flooding, sea level rise, storm surge, and severe weather events in coastal areas. The goal of this chapter is to extend ideas about the role of geographic visualization in generating a societal response to top-down inaction on changing climate by testing methods and evaluating the effectiveness of geographic information-based tools for developing 3D scenes within a participatory process. The engagement process took place within an Australian coastal community where residential development and infrastructure are vulnerable to flooding, sea level rise and storm surge. This research employed and assessed multiple visual methods including geographic visualization to illustrate the impacts of climate change on the study area. Participant assessment indicated all methods employed were beneficial but 3D visualization was the most effective method for knowledge exchange.

关键词： Climate change

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Exploring the Potential of Combining Taxi GPS and Flickr Data for Discovering Functional Regions 18th

Exploring the Potential of Combining Taxi GPS and Flickr Dat...

引用

18th Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe Conference on Geographic Information Science (AGILE)

作者： Mazimpaka, Jean Damascene Timpf, Sabine Univ Augsburg Dept Geog Alter Postweg 118 D-86159 Augsburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319167879;9783319167862

The increasing deployment of GPS-enabled devices is leading to an increasing availability of trace data with various applications especially in the urban environment. GPS-equipped taxis have become one of the main approaches of collecting such data. However, we have realized two problems that may limit the effectiveness of use of these taxi GPS data in some applications. Firstly, taxi trajectories represent a very small portion of urban mobility in most of the cities. As a result, without other considerations important information that could come from non-taxi users is excluded. Secondly, advanced applications are built on the analysis of these traces and the context of the movement which is generally obtained from a set of points of interest (POIs). However, considering that POIs are predetermined, we argue that they are a very limited representation of the movement context. The approach we suggest supplements taxi trajectories with crowd-sourced data in an application to discover different functional regions in a city. We cluster the taxi pickup and drop-off points to discover regions, then semantically enrich these regions using data from Flickr photos and determine the functions of the regions using this semantic information. The evaluation of the approach we performed using large datasets of taxi trajectories and Flickr photos allowed us to identify the potential and limits of the approach which are discussed in this paper.

关键词： Taxi GPS data Flickr photos Functional regions Semantic enrichment Clustering

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Data and Analytics for Neighborhood Development: Smart Shrinkage Decision Modeling in Baltimore, Maryland

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Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management (CUPUM)

作者： Johnson, Michael P. Hollander, Justin B. Whiteman, Eliza Davenport Univ Massachusetts Dept Publ Policy & Publ Affairs 100 Morrissey Blvd Boston MA 02125 USA Tufts Univ Dept Urban & Environm Policy & Planning Medford MA 02155 USA Univ Penn Sch Design Doctoral Program City & Reg Planning Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319183688;9783319183671

Many older cities in the United States confront the problem of long-term decline in population and economic activity resulting in blighted conditions that make conventional revitalization initiatives unlikely to succeed. Smart shrinkage, a planning approach that emphasizes alternative land uses while preserving quality of life, offers a way for cities to remain desirable places to live and work. However, there is little research on empirical methods to support planning decisions consistent with smart shrinkage. We present results from two studies with planners from the City of Baltimore that provide novel insights regarding ways in which planners can perform vacant property redevelopment using methods from data analytics and decision science. This study provides a foundation for practitioners to make better use of large volumes of data describing blighted communities, accommodate diverse attitudes about policy and planning responses to blight, and judiciously apply advanced methods in data analysis and decision models.

关键词： Planning

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