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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography"

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Photovoltaics as an Element of Intelligent Transport System Development 11

Photovoltaics as an Element of Intelligent Transport System ...

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11th Symposium on Geoinformatics for Intelligent Transportation (GIS)

作者： Kurowska, Krystyna Kryszk, Hubert Kietlinska, Ewa Univ Warmia & Mazury Fac Geodesy & Land Management Dept Planning & Spatial Engn PL-10724 Olsztyn Poland IMAGIS SA PL-01460 Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319114637;9783319114620

Intelligent Transport System (ITS) means advanced applications aiming at providing innovative services related to different means of transport and traffic management as well as providing important information to traffic participants. Currently, ITS is applied within the areas of large cities. It is inevitable that the system should be applied in all locations where it may contribute to road safety improvement or streamlining the traffic. Application of photovoltaics as the renewable energy source for necessary devices (information signs, warning signs, variable contents signs, monitoring and lighting) is an opportunity for common application of ITS. Photovoltaics can be used practically in every location and, first of all, locations difficult to access to power grid. Based on the example of the Region of Warmia and Mazury in north-eastern Poland the current use of photovoltaics for providing power for road infrastructure was identified. Information concerning use of photovoltaic panels in marking of the national roads in the region was obtained from the General Directorate of National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA), branch in Olsztyn. GIS tools were used for identification of the existing road signs supplied by photovoltaics. The MapInfo Professional application was applied for development of the appropriate subject map. According to the opinion of the authors the need exists for development of the pan-European GIS system containing information on the existing ITS and indicating key locations in which such a system should be implemented. Photovoltaics is the element facilitating ITS implementation in new difficult to access locations outside urban areas.

关键词： National roads Renewable energy sources Photovoltaics GIS tools Road safety Intelligent transport system

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OpenStreetMap in GIScience: Experiences, Research, and Applications 1

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丛书名： lecture notes in geoinformation and cartography

2015年

作者： Jamal Jokar Arsanjani, Alexander Zipf, Peter Mooney, Marco Helbich (eds.)

ISBN: (数字)9783319142791

ISBN: (纸本)9783319142791;9783319142807

This edited volume presents a collection of lessons learned with, and research conducted on, OpenStreetMap, the goal being to promote the projects integration. The respective chapters address a) state-of-the-art and cutting-edge approaches to data quality analysis in OpenStreetMap, b) investigations on understanding OpenStreetMap contributors and the nature of their contributions, c) identifying patterns of contributions and contributors, d) applications of OpenStreetMap in different domains, e) mining value-added knowledge and information from OpenStreetMap, f) limitations in the analysis OpenStreetMap data, and g) integrating OpenStreetMap with commercial and non-commercial datasets. The book offers an ideal opportunity to present and disseminate a number of cutting-edge developments and applications in the field of geography, spatial statistics, GIS, social science, and cartography.

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A GIS-Based Process for Calculating Visibility Impact from Buildings During Transmission Line Routing 17

A GIS-Based Process for Calculating Visibility Impact from B...

引用

17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Grassi, Stefano Friedli, Roman Grangier, Michel Raubal, Martin ETH Inst Cartog & Geoinformat CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland Groupe e CH-1763 Granges Paccot Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783319036113

Planning linear infrastructures can be a tedious task for regions characterized by complex topography, natural constraints, high density population areas, and strong local opposition. These aspects make the planning of new transmission lines complex and time consuming. The method proposed in this work uses Multi-Criteria Analysis and Least-Cost Path approaches combined with a viewshed analysis in order to identify suitable routes. The visual impact is integrated, as a cost surface, into the process and combined with natural and anthropological constraints. The cumulated visibility of each raster cell is estimated as the sum of the weighted distance between buildings and the cell itself. In order to reduce the typical zig-zags resulting from Least-Cost Path methods, a weighted straightening approach is applied. A sensitivity analysis of the weights of the visibility and the straightening is carried out in order to assess different scenarios and to compare the existing TL path to the proposed ones. The method is applied to a case study where an old transmission line needs to be replaced by a new one and the local grid operator needs to identify feasible routes. A set of 30 routes is identified and most of them have a lower visibility that the existing path but, only some of them present a comparable complexity to be realized.

关键词： GIS Multi-criteria analysis Least-cost path Transmission line routing Visual impact from buildings

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Encoding and Querying Historic Map Content 17

Encoding and Querying Historic Map Content

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17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Scheider, Simon Jones, Jim Sanchez, Alber Kessler, Carsten Univ Munster Inst Geoinformat D-48149 Munster Germany City Univ New York CARSI Dept Geog Hunter Coll New York NY USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783319036113

Libraries have large collections of map documents with rich spatio-temporal information encoded in the visual representation of the map. Currently, historic map content is covered by the provided metadata only to a very limited degree, and thus is not available in a machine-readable form. A formal representation would support querying for and reasoning over detailed semantic contents of maps, instead of only map documents. From a historian's perspective, this would support search for map resources which contain information that answers very specific questions, such as maps that show the cities of Prussia in 1830, without manually searching through maps. A particular challenge lies in the wealth and ambiguity of map content for queries. In this chapter, we propose an approach to describe map contents more explicitly. We suggest ways to formally encode historic map content in an approximate intensional manner which still allows useful queries. We discuss tools for georeferencing and enriching historic map descriptions by external sources, such as DBpedia. We demonstrate the use of this approach by content queries on map examples.

关键词： Encoding (symbols)

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An Image Segmentation Process Enhancement for Land Cover Mapping from Very High Resolution Remote Sensing Data Application in a Rural Area 17

An Image Segmentation Process Enhancement for Land Cover Map...

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17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Vitter, M. Pluvinet, P. Vaudor, L. Jacqueminet, C. Martin, R. Etlicher, B. Univ St Etienne ISTHME UMR EVS 5600 6 Rue Basse Rives F-42023 St Etienne 02 France ASCONIT Consultants F-69366 Lyon 07 France ENS Lyon UMR EVS 5600 F-69342 Lyon 07 France

ISBN: (纸本)9783319036113

In this chapter, we describe a procedure for enhancing the automatic image segmentation for land cover mapping from Very High Resolution images. The increased need for large scale mapping (1: 10000) for local territorial monitoring led to think about mapping production. Nowadays mapping production for land cover and land use (LUC) is mainly performed with human photo-interpretation. This approach can be extremely time consuming, expensive and tedious for data producers. This is confirmed from the evidence of rural areas where the use of the GIS database for LUC is less numerous than the GIS urban database. In the last decade, Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) has been developed by the image processing community. This new paradigm builds on theory, methods and tools for replicating the human photo-interpretation process from remote sensing data (Hay and Castilla 2008). However, the GEOBIA community is still fragile and suffers from a lack of protocols and standards for operational LUC mapping applications. Currently, human photo-interpretation seems a safer option. The objective of this research is to find an alternative to this time consuming and expensive use of human expertise. We explored the limits of GEOBIA to propose an automatic image segmentation enhancement for an operational mapping application. Questions behind this study were: What is a good segmentation? How can we obtain it?

关键词： Mapping

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Event Identification from Georeferenced Images 17

Event Identification from Georeferenced Images

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17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Sun, Yeran Fan, Hongchao Heidelberg Univ Inst Geog GISci Res Grp Heidelberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319036113

Geotagged images (e.g., Flickr) could indicate some social events (e.g., festival, parade, protest, sports, etc.) with spatial, temporal and semantic information. Previous researches relied much on tag frequency, thus some images which do not have clearly tag indicating the occurrence of social event would be missing in this case. One potential way to address this problem or enhance the event identification is to make more use of the spatial and temporal information. In this chapter, we take into consideration the underlying spatio-temporal pattern of social events. Particularly, the influence of urban land use and road on the occurrence of event is considered. Specifically, with a spatio-temporal cluster detection method, we firstly detected spatio-temporal clusters composed of geotagged images. Among these detected S-T clusters, we furthermore attempted to identify social events in terms of a classification model. Specifically, land use and road were considered to generate new kinds of spatial characteristics used as dependent variables incorporated into the classification model. In addition to this, user characteristics (i.e., the number of images and the number of users), spatial and temporal range of images, and the heterogeneity of temporal distribution of images were considered as the other dependent variables for the classification model. Consequently, with a binary logistic regression (BLR) method, we estimated the categories (i.e., 'event' or 'non-event' one) of the S-T clusters (cases). Experimental results demonstrated the good performance of the method with a total accuracy of 71%. With the variable selection process of the BLR method, empirical result also indicates that (1) some characteristics (e.g., the distance to the road and the heterogeneity of temporal distribution of images) do not have considerable influence on the occurrence of 'event';and (2) compared to the other urban land categories (i.e., residential and recreational land), commercial l

关键词： Volunteered geographic information Event detection Flickr Classification model Spatial environment

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An Area Merge Operation for Smooth Zooming 17

An Area Merge Operation for Smooth Zooming

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17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Suba, Radan Meijers, Martijn Huang, Lina van Oosterom, Peter Delft Univ Technol OTB Res Built Environm Sect GIS Technol Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783319036113

When zooming a digital map it is often necessary that two or more area features must be merged. If this is done abruptly, it leads to big changes in geometry, perceived by the user as a "jump" on the screen. To obtain a gradual merge of two input objects to one output object this chapter presents three algorithms to construct a corresponding 3D geometry that may be used for the user's smooth zooming operations. This is based on the assumption that every feature in the map is represented in 3D, where the 2D coordinates are the original representation, and 1D represents the scale as a Z value. Smooth zooming in or out is thus equivalent to the vertical movement of a horizontal slice plane (downwards or upwards).

关键词： Mergers and acquisitions

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Line Matching for Integration of Photographic and Geographic Databases 17

Line Matching for Integration of Photographic and Geographic...

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17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Attia, Youssef Joliveau, Thierry Favier, Eric Univ St Etienne CNRS ISTHME EVS 6 Basse Rives St F-42023 St Etienne 02 France ENISE F-42023 Saint Etienne 02 France

ISBN: (纸本)9783319036113

The aim of this chapter is to describe a new method for assigning a geographical position to an urban picture. The method is based only on the content of the picture. The photograph is compared to a sample of geolocated 3D images generated automatically from a virtual model of the terrain and the buildings. The relation between the picture and the images is built through the matching of detected lines in the photograph and in the image. The lines extraction is based on the Hough transform. This matching is followed by a statistical analysis to propose a probable location of the picture with an estimation of accuracy. The chapter presents and discusses the results of an experiment with data about Saint-Etienne, France and ends with proposals for improving and extending the method.

关键词： GIS Photo Matching lines Hough lines 3D reconstruction Labels City

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Behaviour-Driven Development Applied to the Conformance Testing of INSPIRE Web Services 17

Behaviour-Driven Development Applied to the Conformance Test...

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17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Lopez-Pellicer, Francisco J. Angel Latre, Miguel Nogueras-Iso, Javier Javier Zarazaga-Soria, F. Barrera, Jesus Univ Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain GeoSLab SL Zaragoza Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783319036113

The implementation of the INSPIRE directive requires to check the conformity of a large number of network services with the implementing rules of INSPIRE. The evaluation whether a service is fully conformant with INSPIRE is complex and requires the use of specialized testing tools that should report how verification has been made and should identify non-conformances. The use of these tools requires a high degree of technical knowledge. This fact makes very difficult for non-technical stakeholders (end users, managers, domain experts, etc.) to participate effectively in conformance testing, hinders stakeholders understanding of the causes and consequences of non-conformant results and may cause in some stakeholders disinterest in conformance testing. This work explores the suitability of a behaviour-driven development (BDD) approach to the conformance testing of OGC Web services in the context of the INSPIRE directive. BDD emphasizes the participation of non-technical parties in the design of acceptance tests by means of automatable abstract tests expressed in a human readable format. Using this idea as base, this work describes a BDD based workflow to derive abstract test suites and executable test suites from INSPIRE implementation requirements that can be written in the language used by non-technical stakeholders. This work also analyses if BDD and popular BDD tools, such as Gherkin and Cucumber, are compatible with ISO 19105:2000 testing methodology. As demonstration, we present an online conformance tool for INSPIRE View and Discovery services that executes BDD test suites.

关键词： Acceptance tests

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Exploring the Geographical Relations Between Social Media and Flood Phenomena to Improve Situational Awareness 17

Exploring the Geographical Relations Between Social Media an...

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17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science

作者： Herfort, Benjamin de Albuquerque, Joao Porto Schelhorn, Svend-Jonas Zipf, Alexander Heidelberg Univ Chair GISci Heidelberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783319036113

Recent research has shown that social media platforms like twitter can provide relevant information to improve situation awareness during emergencies. Previous work is mostly concentrated on the classification and analysis of tweets utilizing crowdsourcing or machine learning techniques. However, managing the high volume and velocity of social media messages still remains challenging. In order to enhance information extraction from social media, this chapter presents a new approach that relies upon the geographical relations between twitter data and flood phenomena. Our approach uses specific geographical features like hydrological data and digital elevation models to prioritize crisis-relevant twitter messages. We apply this approach to examine the River Elbe Flood in Germany in June 2013. The results show that our approach based on geographical relations can enhance information extraction from volunteered geographic information, thus being valuable for both crisis response and preventive flood monitoring.

关键词： Social media Volunteered geographic information Disaster management Flood Situation awareness Emergency management

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