In Germany, the data of the Open Street Map project has become available as an alternative to proprietary road networks in commercial business geomatics software and their customers are wondering whether the quality m...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642197895
In Germany, the data of the Open Street Map project has become available as an alternative to proprietary road networks in commercial business geomatics software and their customers are wondering whether the quality may be sufficient. This paper describes an implemented methodology to compare OSM street data with those of Navteq for all populated roads in Germany. As a unique feature, the presented methodology is based on a matching between the street objects of OSM and Navteq and all steps are fully automated so that they can be applied to updated versions of both data sets. While there are considerable qualitative differences between regions, towns, and street categories, at a national level the relative completeness of objects, their relative precision, and the relative completeness of names are high enough for maps. However, other attributes, which are needed for the computation of catchment areas, are still relatively incomplete.
Coastal cities are growing at a very rapid pace, both in population and in terms of assets;therefore, flood risk is likely to increase substantially in these areas in the absence of specific protections. In addition, ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642197895
Coastal cities are growing at a very rapid pace, both in population and in terms of assets;therefore, flood risk is likely to increase substantially in these areas in the absence of specific protections. In addition, great uncertainty surrounds the future evolution of hurricane intensity and sea level rise. The area of Miami represents a clear hotspot of human and economic coastal flood exposure: there are more than 5 million inhabitants in the Miami metropolitan area and the population is growing. It is also a low-lying city with most of the population living below an elevation of 10m and is located in a region where tropical cyclones hit frequently. The present study is focused on the two contiguous counties of Miami, Dade and Broward. In this analysis, we consider the impact of different storm surges predicted by the computerized model SLOSH1 and investigate flood risks with current sea level, considering different hurricane parameters (storm category and direction, wind speed, and tide level). For each impact, we apply a damage function and determine if the considered storm surges potentially lead to asset loss, considering both properties and their contents. The results show that, in absence of protections, losses will be very high for large storm surges reaching up to tens of billions USD. In the second part of the analysis, we demonstrate how the economic impact changes when protections are built up, considering different dams' heights. We conclude that raising flood defences would be beneficial, since the consequences of a storm surge could be enormous.
This paper describes the Sensor Interface Descriptor (SID) model and focuses on presenting and evaluating the SID creator, a visual approach to create instances of the SID model. Those SID instances comprise the knowl...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642197895
This paper describes the Sensor Interface Descriptor (SID) model and focuses on presenting and evaluating the SID creator, a visual approach to create instances of the SID model. Those SID instances comprise the knowledge required to integrate a sensor with the Sensor Web. This integration is done by an SID interpreter which uses an SID instance to translate between a sensor protocol and the Sensor Web protocols. An SID instance, designed for a particular sensor type, can be reused in multiple applications and can be shared among user communities. The SID creator enables users to describe the interface, commands and metadata of their sensors. In a user study, we evaluated the simplification of the sensor integration process through the SID concept. The study incorporated four user groups, ranging from high school students to expert users, who were challenged to integrate weather station sensors with the Sensor Web by utilizing the SID creator. While the common approaches of integrating such sensors with the Sensor Web involve manual coding and extensive adaptation efforts, this new visual approach significantly simplifies the integration process.
This paper presents a method for qualitative spatio-temporal reasoning about dynamic spatial regions from mobile sensor data based on qualitative trigonometry. We apply this method to the use case of monitoring a trav...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642197895
This paper presents a method for qualitative spatio-temporal reasoning about dynamic spatial regions from mobile sensor data based on qualitative trigonometry. We apply this method to the use case of monitoring a travelling gas plume with a mobile sensor. We argue that our method can infer qualitative information about size, movement direction, and speed of a spatial region from the data of a mobile sensor passing through it, which allows for adapting the route of the sensor that captures the phenomenon in space and time.
This paper presents a GIS-based map-matching algorithm that makes use of geometric, buffer, and network functions in a GIS - to illustrate the suitability of a GIS platform in developing a postprocessing map-matching ...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642197895
This paper presents a GIS-based map-matching algorithm that makes use of geometric, buffer, and network functions in a GIS - to illustrate the suitability of a GIS platform in developing a postprocessing map-matching algorithm for transportation research applications such as route choice analysis. This algorithm was tested using a GPS-assisted time-use survey that involved nearly 2,000 households in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Actual routes taken by household members who travelled to work by car were extracted using the GPS data and the GIS-based map-matching algorithm. The algorithm produced accurate results in a reasonable amount of time. The algorithm also generated relevant route attributes such as travel time, travel distance, and number of left and right turns that serve as explanatory variables in route choice models. The ease and flexibility of the Python scripting language used in developing the GIS-based map-matching algorithm make this tool easy to develop and implement. It can be improved to suit data inputs and specific fields of application in transportation research. As GIS increasingly becomes a popular tool for transportation, it is timely to exploit GIS as a platform for developing postprocessing map-matching algorithms for transportation research.
The aim of this paper is to couple the isovists field (a useful tool to determine the surroundings) with a classical digital signal processing method so as to classify the open spaces all along a pedestrian pathway an...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642197895
The aim of this paper is to couple the isovists field (a useful tool to determine the surroundings) with a classical digital signal processing method so as to classify the open spaces all along a pedestrian pathway and identify some urban patterns. Indeed, it could be of a great interest to determine automatically the type of surrounding spaces to improve the knowledge of the urban fabric at an intermediate level (the one of someone immersed in the city) and to make it possible to enrich its visual perception in real time using dedicated numerical devices. After a brief overview of visibility analysis methods, we focus on the isovist one. The remainder of this paper is dedicated to the methodology of visualscape fingerprint characterization we developed. At last, before concluding, we present a use case based on a real pathway.
Non-redundant geographic data warehouse (GDW) schemas have been recognized as an essential issue in the GDW design. However, little attention has been devoted to the study of how the handling of vague spatial data aff...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642197895
Non-redundant geographic data warehouse (GDW) schemas have been recognized as an essential issue in the GDW design. However, little attention has been devoted to the study of how the handling of vague spatial data affects query performance and storage requirements in GDW. In this paper we investigate the query processing performance over non-redundant GDW schemas that are based on different spatial representation approaches for handling spatial data uncertainty. Further, we analyze the indexing issue, aiming at improving query performance on a non-redundant GDW with vague spatial data. We concluded that the adaptation of an existing index for GDW aiming at handling uncertain spatial data does not satisfy completely the performance requirements. Therefore, there is a need for new index structures for processing vague objects in GDW.
In this paper, we present a theory to structure spaces of human activities and to connect these spaces with geographic information. We introduce a notion of environment originating in the work of von Uexkull termed Um...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642197895
In this paper, we present a theory to structure spaces of human activities and to connect these spaces with geographic information. We introduce a notion of environment originating in the work of von Uexkull termed Umwelt. The Umwelt links agents and the observations they make with the activities they perform using the objects in their environment that afford these activities. We then provide a mereology of environments determined by activities. We use a scenario of travelling to work to illustrate at hand of a practical application how we can integrate sensor observations in our theory to support decision-making in every-day activities. As a test case, we deal with the event of icy roads derived from current weather conditions. Our theory is implemented as ontology in the Web Service Modelling Language (WSML). To demonstrate our ontology in practice, we simulate sensor observations and their impact on the ontology in an Agent Based Simulation.
Information systems undergo a change from isolated solutions to open infrastructures based on Web Services. Geospatial applications have followed this trend for more than ten years to deal with data representing the s...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9783642197895
Information systems undergo a change from isolated solutions to open infrastructures based on Web Services. Geospatial applications have followed this trend for more than ten years to deal with data representing the status of our environment. International organizations and initiatives promote standards for data encodings and service interfaces that allow establishing Geospatial Information Infrastructures (GIIs). These GIIs provide services to address most of the steps in the geospatial user workflow, such as discovery, access, visualization and processing. However, they do not provide services to assist users in the publication of content. The lack of this functionality challenges the implementation and maintenance of GIIs since publication of content remains a complex task turning GIIs into top-down infrastructures without user participation. In this paper, we suggest extending classical GII architectures with a service that assists in content publication. The Abstract Factory design pattern is used to model this service as a scalable component and the OGC WPS has been chosen as the service interface to increase interoperability. We introduce a prototype as a proof of concept to be evaluated in a forest fire information system.
暂无评论