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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography"

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A Fuzzy Relational Method For Image-Based Road Extraction For Traffic Emergency Services

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Li, Yu Li, Jonathan Chapman, Michael A. Univ Waterloo Geomat Program Dept Geog Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Ryerson Univ Dept Civil Engn Geomat Engn Program Toronto ON M5B 3K3 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

The new generation of high spatial resolution satellite imagery such as IKONOS and QuickBird provide a viable alternative to high resolution aerial imagery. These data have been readily adopted on various applications such as city planning, metropolitan mapping, emergency response and disaster management. In the applications of high resolution remote sensing images, road extraction is one of the most basic and important tasks. Though many image-based road extraction algorithms have been proposed in the past years, most of them extract roads either from grayscale imagery or low resolution satellite imagery. Approaches designed to process low-resolution satellite imagery generally describe roads as curvilinear structures and model roads as relatively homogeneous areas satisfying certain shape and size constraints. With the increasingly availability of multi-spectral remote sensing images, colour provides another important feature for extracting road networks. The purpose of this study is to develop an efficient algorithm which combines the colour and shape features to extract road networks automatically from high resolution satellite imagery. The proposed method adopts the fuzzy relation based segmentation algorithm and colour similarity measure in the RGB colour space, and follows three steps, ( 1) calculating colour similarity measurement in the RGB colour space, ( 2) segmenting colour satellite imagery using fuzzy relation based segmentation algorithm, ( 3) extracting central lines of roads by a post-processing procedure. The advantage of this method is to automatically determinate the number of classes in segmentation. In most of situations, it is difficult to specify any desired number of clusters. For example, the situations often happen in the segmentations of remote sensing images, because the ground truth is always not available for the scenes covered by those images. The proposed method is examined by extracting road networks from QuickBird and IKONOS imager

关键词： Satellite imagery

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Development Of Processing Chains For Rapid Mapping With Satellite Data

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Buehler, Yves A. Kellenberger, Tobias W. Univ Zurich Dept Geog Remote Sensing Labs CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

In case of a disaster on a large scale the International Charter of Space and Major Disasters ( Charter) provides satellite data from different sensors. Since 2000 more than 140 Charter Calls have proven the great value of this fast disaster response instrument but have also shown different handling problems causing time delay and downgrading the value of rapid mapping products. This paper proposes a framework for a rapid mapping processing chain based on the experiences gathered during the 2005 flood crisis in Switzerland. It focuses on the pre-processing of satellite data, the value-adding step and the visualization of the results. Critical elements are hereby the availability of essential datasets, the processing time, the information extraction and the usability of the products for the end-users. International programs containing rapid mapping elements as PREVIEW or GMES RESPOND and RISK-EOS need further research on the above-mentioned topics to improve the usability and significance of their products and to improve the benefit of satellite data for disaster management support.

关键词： Disasters

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A Fuzzy Relation Analysis Method Implemented in GIS for Modeling Infrastructure Interdependency

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Cheng, Qiuming York Univ Dept Geog Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

Infrastructure Interdependency (II) involved in emergency and disaster management processes is a complex phenomena. Understanding and modeling II is an emerging interdisciplinary field of study which has attracted substantial interests from modelers and geomatics professionals. This paper introduces a new method for modeling and analyzing interdependencies of critical infrastructures. The modeling processes include the following four components: ( 1) an asymmetrical fuzzy relation matrix representing direct relationships between nodes in infrastructure networks;( 2) an asymmetrical fuzzy relation matrix representing direct and cascade relationships between infrastructure networks;( 3) a mathematical transformation converting asymmetric relations in to transitive relations with properties of direct relations stronger than indirect relations;and ( 4) a method for ranking infrastructures in terms of relative importance of infrastructures.

关键词： Mathematical transformations

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Monitoring Xi'an Land Subsidence Evolution by Differential SAR Interferometry

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Zhang, Qin Zhao, Chaoying Ding, Xiaoli Peng, Jianbing Changan Univ Coll Geol Engn & Geomat Xian 710054 Shaanxi Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

Differential SAR Interferometry (D-InSAR) technique has been used to monitor the land subsidence evolution in Xi'an, China during the period of 1992 to 2005. Three schemes have been made to detect the three subsidence stages, namely, stage I 1992-1993, stage II 1996-1997 and stage III 2004-2005. And annual subsidence rates have been calculated in three schemes which uncovered the land subsidence evolution in Xi'an from 1990s to now days. The D-InSAR results show that the maximum subsidence rate was up to 20m/a in the 1996, and decreased greatly from 20cm/a in 1996 to 5cm/a in 2005, which mainly owing to the controlling of underground water withdrawal policy in 1996s. For the lack of traditional monitoring results, only the first stage of D-InSAR result has been compared with leveling result, which demonstrated high consistence each other.

关键词： Subsidence

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Ontologies for Disaster Management Response

引用

3rd International Symopsium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Xu, Wei Zlatanova, Sisi Delft Univ Technol GISt OTB Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086

Increasing numbers of natural disasters and man-made disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, air crashes, etc., have posed a challenge to the public and demonstrated the importance of disaster management. The success of disaster management, amongst all, largely depends on finding and successfully integrating related information to make decisions during the response phase. This information ranges from existing data to operational data. Most of this information is geographically related and therefore when discussing integration of information for disaster management response, we often refer to the integration of geo-information. Current efforts to integrate geo-information have been restricted to keyword-based-matching Spatial Information Infrastructure (SII, may also known as Spatial Data Infrastructure). However, the semantic interoperability challenge is still underestimated. One possible way to deal with the problem is the use of ontology to reveal the implicit and hidden knowledge. This paper presents an approach for ontology development and ontology architecture, which can be used for emergency response.

关键词： Ontology

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Mapping between dynamic ontologies in support of geospatial data integration for disaster management

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Bakillah, Mohamed Mostafavi, Mir Abolfazl Brodeur, Jean Bedard, Yvan Univ Laval Ctr Rech Geomat Quebec City PQ G1K 7P4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

The effective management of disasters requires providing relevant and right information to the concerned decision makers. By its nature, disaster management involves multiple actors and organizations, potentially implying a significant volume of geospatial data coming from heterogeneous and autonomous geospatial data sources. Integration of these data sources is difficult not only because of the semantic heterogeneity of data but also because of the dynamic nature of the reality that is studied. The dynamic aspect of the reality has a direct impact in the conceptualisation of such a reality by adding different event categories to the domain ontology, thus making more complicated to apply existing methods for the mapping and integration of ontologies. In this article, we highlight some problems of heterogeneity that complicate the integration of ontologies composed of objects and events concepts;we also propose a similarity model designed to support mapping of these ontologies.

关键词： Ontology

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Modeling of Flood-Related Interdependencies among Critical Infrastructures

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Sultana, Sharmin Chen, Zhi Concordia Univ Dept Bldg Civil & Environm Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

This study presents an integrated approach for modeling the flood-related interdependencies among critical infrastructures and their vulnerabilities. The developed method is based on the development of a Petri-Net model and fragility curves analysis. Specifically, infrastructure interdependency is simulated using Petri Nets, and consequences to infrastructures following a flood are quantified through developing fragility curves. Both empirical and analytical fragility curves are developed using a regional flood hazard database, hydraulic modeling of dam failure, and Monte Carlo simulation. The developed method has been applied to a case study. Cascading disruptions in the interconnected water infrastructures due to a dam failure are simulated in this study. Reasonable results have been obtained, which indicate that the proposed modeling system can address the interdependency among critical infrastructures and serve as a decision tool for flood-related emergency response and management.

关键词： Critical infrastructures

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Evaluating the Use of a Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform in Acquiring Digital Imagery for Emergency Response

引用

3rd International Symopsium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Lewis, G. Assiniboine Community Coll Brandon MB R7A 2A9 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086

This research project evaluates the utilization of a low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) digital imaging platform developed in Manitoba, Canada for emergency response situations. Such a platform allows for the timely acquisition of high resolution imagery during emergency situations by personnel with relatively limited UAV flight training. Although military use of UAVs has been around since the First World War, their relatively high expense and operational requirements have limited their civilian use. The UAV platform, as tested in this project, is a very valuable and useful tool for disaster response situations, allowing for the easy and timely acquisition of high resolution imagery, by meeting the following criteria: fly fully autonomously with little pilot experience assembled and ready for launching in less that one half hour acquire high resolution imagery ( greater than 25 centimetre resolution) transported in a midsized car relatively low cost ($8,000 US) A 5.0 mega pixel digital camera enables the UAV platform to acquire colour imagery with a 22 cm spatial resolution from a height of 2100 feet. With a stable and reliable UAV platform already developed, future research will focus on the development and integration of other imaging and sampling techniques such as thermal technologies and air sampling abilities for smoke plume analysis.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Delineation of individual tree crowns for LiDAR tree and stand parameter estimation in scottish woodlands

Delineation of individual tree crowns for LiDAR tree and sta...

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Garcia, Rafael Suarez, Juan C. Patenaude, Genevieve Univ Edinburgh Inst Geog Drummond St Edinburgh EH8 9XP Midlothian Scotland Silviculture North Forest Res Roslin EH25 9SY Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

There is an increasing need for accurate forest inventories to assist forest managers and decision makers in the planning of the forest resources. Airborne LiDAR methods enable the construction of Tree Canopy Models (TCM) at a fine resolution, which allow the delineation of individual tree crowns. This information can be useful for the prediction of forest parameters such as top height, basal area, standing volume and biomass. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the algorithms developed independently by Gougeon (1995), Popescu (2003) and Weinacker (2004a) for delineating individual tree crowns and as a means to extract forest parameters. The comparison was achieved as follow. Firstly, the algorithms were tested in their efficiency for delineating tree crowns. Secondly, single tree parameters were estimated using the crown delineation and finally, stand parameters were estimated by averaging single tree parameters. Results of the three algorithms were compared to each other and to field measurement for validation. The results showed that the algorithm by Popescu was the most suitable method to delineate crowns with 89% accuracy. However only 72% were linked with actual trees measured in the field. The algorithm by Popescu was the most suitable to estimate individual tree height with s RMSE (%) of 1.93 m (8.1%). The algorithm by Gougeon was the most suitable to estimate individual crown diameter and stem diameter with a RMSE (%) of 1.81 m (31.7%) and 7.05 cm (21.8%) respectively. The algorithm by Popescu was the most suitable to estimate top height with a RMSE (%) of 0.94 m (3.8%). Finally, the algorithm by Weinacker was the most suitable to estimate stand basal area and volume with a RMSE (%) of 9.10 m(2)/ha (24.3%) and 119.7 m(3)/ha (29.4%) respectively. All the methods underestimated the tree and stand parameters. However, it was shown that individual tree heights and stand top heights could be estimated with similar levels of accuracy than field me

关键词： Individual tree delineation LiDAR Canopy segmentation methods Scotland Sitka spruce

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An Open GeoSpatial Standards-Enabled Google Earth Application to Support Crisis Management

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Pezanowski, Scott Tomaszewski, Brian MacEachren, Alan M. Penn State Univ Dept Geog GeoVISTA Ctr University Pk PA 16802 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

Google Earth (GE) and related open geospatial technologies have changed both the accessibility of and audience for geospatial information dramatically. Through data rich applications with easy to use interfaces, these technologies bring personalized geospatial information directly to the non-specialist. When coupled with open geospatial data standards, such as Web Map Services (WMS), Web Features Services (WFS), and GeoRSS, the resulting web-based technologies have the potential to assimilate heterogeneous data from distributed sources rapidly enough to support time-critical activities such as crisis response. Although the ability to view and interact with data in these environments is important, this functionality alone is not sufficient for the demands of crisis response activity. For example, GE's standard version currently lacks geoanalysis capabilities such as geographic buffering and topology functions. In this paper, we present development of the "Google Earth Dashboard" (GED), a web-based interface powered by open geospatial standards and designed for supplementing and enhancing the geospatial capabilities of GE. The GED allows users to create custom maps through WMS layer addition to GE and perform traditional GIS analysis functions. Utility of the GED is presented in a use-case scenario where GIS operations implemented to work with GE are applied to support crisis management activities. The GED represents an important first step towards combining the ubiquity of GE and geospatial standards into an easy-to-use, data rich, geo-analytically powerful environment that can support crisis management activity.

关键词： Geographic information systems

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