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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography"

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On the Application of Nighttime Sensors for Rapid Detection of Areas Impacted by Disasters

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： de la Cruz, A. Laneve, G. Cerra, D. Mielewczyk, M. Garcia, M. J. San-tilli, G. Cadau, E. Joyanes, G. EUSC E-28850Y Madrid Spain Univ Roma La Sapienza CRPSM I-00138 Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

Today a few sensors operating at night are available in the visible/near infrared part of the spectrum, e. g., the U. S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS). However, in the case of DMSP/OLS, the availability of a series of satellites arranged in a constellation and the width of the sensor's swath allows Earth coverage twice nightly. This can result useful in the aftermath of a natural disaster such as earthquake, when first responders providing relief action need to know the location and the extent of the areas of damages, the potential amount of population involved and the place where survivors are concentrated. Naturally, after this prompt detection of the areas affected by the event, the corresponding very high spatial resolution satellite images can be acquired to obtain an accurate overview of the actual damages. In fact, the availability of a preliminary fast estimate of the areas mainly impacted can support a suitable selection of the very high spatial resolution (VHSR) satellite images acquisition time because these sensors are characterized by a very small frame size that makes unpractical a blind acquisition of the whole region possibly impacted. This way to proceed is also compatible with the longer time usually needed to obtain a VHSR image of a given area of interest, due to the orbital and observation geometry constraints. Even if it is high, the OLS sensor's sensitivity could be insufficient to detect settlements with reduced artificial lights, as is often the case in the selected regions of interest. Moreover, in many cases, as for informal settlements following the occurrence of natural or man-made disasters, only the presence of bone-fires could reveal the presence of a human community. As a consequence, it would be necessary to observe the affected areas using wavelengths in the Middle-Wave Infrared region of the spectrum (similar to 4 mu m), which is presently not feasible due to the limited sensitivit

关键词： Damage detection

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Agent-Based Simulation of Spatial Cognition and Wayfinding in Building Fire Emergency Evacuation

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Hajibabai, L. Delavar, M. R. Malek, M. R. Frank, A. U. Univ Tehran Ctr Excellence Geomat Engn & Disaster Management Dept Surveying & Geomat Engn Fac Engn Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

There is a need to understand how people and environment react in a fire building emergency. Sometimes in the wayfinding process decision errors may occur mainly based on topological errors of the signage. A situation is critical if a decision about which path to take cannot be made with certainty, especially in a crisis situation. An agent-based simulation of human's behavior in escaping from the fire with due attention to the building's signage and dynamic nature of fire propagation affecting the wayfinding task is outlined in this paper. The hypothesis of the paper is that successful navigation is possible if the agent is able to make the correct decision through well-defined cues in critical cases, so the design of the building signage is evaluated through the agent-based simulation. Construction of mental representations of spatial environment and exploring models in the agent-based simulation have been proposed and a computational model successfully tested in an indoor complex hospital environment in different situations and the evacuation time from the building is computed. The most appropriate signage design resulted in the shortest evacuation time in various situations.

关键词： Fires

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An Adaptive Land-use Simulation Model for Integrated Coastal Zone Planning

An Adaptive Land-use Simulation Model for Integrated Coastal...

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Hansen, Henning Sten Aalborg Univ Natl Environm Res Inst Dept Dev & Planning DK-9200 Roskilde Aalborg E Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

The coastal zone has huge economic, social, environmental, cultural and recreational importance for Europe, and about 20% of the European population lives in the coastal zone. Recently, the coastal zone has got enhanced focus through the European Union recommendation on integrated coastal zone management. The dynamic processes of the coastal zone - both man-made and natural - are interdependent and complex. Plans for the coastal zone should take these processes into account and consider the possible consequences for other interests and the impact on adjacent regions and nations as appropriate Using modelling and simulation, we can increase our understanding of the land-use system and reduce uncertainty concerning decisions. The current paper describes the development of a land-use simulation model facilitating the decision-making process through and adaptive and transparent modeling system.

关键词： land-use cell-based modelling decision support systems coastal zone planning

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Automatic Classification of Collapsed Buildings Using Object and Image Space Features

引用

3rd International Symopsium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Rezaeian, Mehdi Gruen, Armin ETH Inst Geodesy & Photogrammetry Fed Inst Technol CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086

We present a method based on two kinds of image-extracted features comparing stereo pairs of aerial images before and after an earthquake. The study area is a part of the city of Bam, Iran which was hit strongly by an earthquake on December 26, 2003. In order to classify damages caused by earthquakes, we have explored the use of two kinds of extracted features: volumes ( defined in object space) and edges ( defined in image space). For this purpose, digital surface models (DSM) were created automatically from pre- and post-earthquake aerial images. Then the volumes of the buildings were calculated. In addition, a criterion for edge existence - in accordance with pre-event building polygon lines - from post-event images is proposed. A simple clustering algorithm, based on the nearest neighbor rule was implemented using these two features simultaneously. Based on visual inspection of the stereo images, three levels of damage ( total collapse, partial collapse, no damage) were considered. By comparing pre- and post-earthquake data the results have been evaluated. The overall success rate - total number of correctly classified divided by the total number of samples - was found to be 71.4%. With respect to the totally collapsed buildings we obtained a success rate of 86.5% and 90.4% in terms of producer's and user's accuracies respectively, which is quite encouraging. The results of the analysis show that using multiple features can be useful to classify damages automatically and with high success rate. This can give first very valuable hints to rescue teams.

关键词： Earthquakes

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Mapping Hazardous Slope Processes Using Digital Data

引用

3rd International Symopsium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Barlow, John Franklin, Steven E. Univ Saskatchewan Dept Geog Saskatoon SK S7N 5C8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086

The use of satellite sensor data can be used to detect discrete slope processes and landforms with a high degree of accuracy. Whereas previous attempts to classify slope features using per pixel spectral response patterns have provided classification accuracies that are less than 60%, it is demonstrated that a combination of high resolution optical imagery, image segmentation and ancillary data derived from a digital elevation model can discriminate some types of mass wasting processes with accuracies of 80% or higher. The spatial resolution of the imagery is critical to the successful classification of such features both in terms of information derived from textural analysis and in the ability to successfully segment landslide features. Furthermore, the data generated in this manner can be used for geomorphic research in terms of characterizing the occurrence of mass wasting within the bounds of the image scene.

关键词： Landforms

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A Universal Abstract Model for Future Movements of Moving Objects

A Universal Abstract Model for Future Movements of Moving Ob...

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Praing, Reasey Schneider, Markus Univ Florida Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

Recently, with the advances in mobile technology and emerging mobile applications, moving objects databases have become the focus of much research. A number of models have been proposed to handle the continuously changing geometries and positions of moving objects. While most of these models focus on managing the historical and current motion of moving objects, only a few of them have been proposed to deal with their future movements. Due to the complexity of handling the uncertainty aspect associated with future movements, these models are often restricted to a specific type of constrained movement and tailored to a certain application domain by integrating specific prediction techniques. These predictions are often based only on the past and current movements and neglect external domain-specific information which may significantly affect the future movements of moving objects. In this paper, we emphasize the separation of moving object models and prediction methods and propose a universal abstract model for future movements of moving objects. This abstract model serves as a conceptual basis for all future movement models as well as poses object requirements for the output of all prediction methods.

关键词： moving objects future movements probability model spatio-temporal model abstract model

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Privacy versus national security: The impact of privacy law on the use of location technology for national security purposes

Privacy versus national security: The impact of privacy law ...

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： van Loenen, Bastiaan Groetelaers, Danielle Zevenbergen, Jaap de Jong, Jitske Delft Univ Technol OTB Res Inst Housing Urban & Mobil Studies NL-2628 BX Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

Location technology allows for the continuous tracking of individuals. Knowledge about the person's whereabouts also allows for the development of location based services at a very detailed levels. However, there is a potential danger that the further development of the appealing technologies will be blocked by privacy regulations. This paper assesses the legal framework on balancing privacy and national security at the European level. Although the privacy restrictions may limit the use within the consumer market, for purposes of national security they appear to be almost non-existent. The European Court of Human Rights' judgments confirm that privacy invading technologies can be used to increase national security. A discussion on the need for far-reaching surveillance mandates for national intelligence services concludes this paper.

关键词： Location privacy national security location technology Europe

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Comparison of Simplifying Line Algorithms for Recreational Boating Trajectory Dedensification

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Wu, Yan Pelot, Ronald Dalhousie Univ Dept Ind Engn Halifax NS B3J 2X4 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

In order to recognize patterns of recreational boating, three different types ( canoes, kayaks and sailboats) of recreational boats' trajectories were collected by GPS in Halifax, NS. Since the fact that not every GPS point represents useful features, classic line simplification algorithms are adapted to dedensify the original GPS trajectory and retain the most important feature: turns. In this work, since the Douglas-Peucker algorithm is inadequate in terms of retaining turns without losing the recreational boat's general tendency, the MARIN Douglas-Peucker approach was tailored to guarantee keeping such characteristics. One algorithm includes two criteria, while the other two methods each depend on only one criterion. These three algorithms for dedensifying trajectories of recreational boating were applied to the three recreational boat types and the results of the dedensified trajectories were compared. The advantage and disadvantage of each algorithm are demonstrated. This investigation provided insight about customizing the simplification algorithm for dedensifying recreational boating trajectories in order to extract boating movement features. The output of this process also provided input to maritime spatial decision-making tools, which is important for properly targeting accident prevention programs and advancing the research on risk analysis associated with this activity.

关键词： Trajectories

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Rapidly Realizing 3D Visualisation for Urban Street Based on Multi-Source Data Integration

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Kang, Zhizhong Zhang, Zuxun Zhang, Jianqing Zlatanova, Sisi Delft Univ Technol Fac Aerosp Engn Delft Netherlands Wuhan Univ Sch Remote Sensing & Informat Engn Wuhan Peoples R China Delft Univ Technol GISt OTB Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

Streets are important component of cities since they provide the best direct impression of the city. Therefore street scenes are important aspect in 3D modeling. Fast 3D City Modeling from a street level can also be quite important for emergency response by providing realistic, updated, accurate information about accessibility to and from affected areas. This paper presents a 3D reconstruction approach for rapid 3D visualization from street level, which is based on a combination of vehicle-based image sequence and 2D vector map. The approach consists of two general steps: the rapid reconstruction of facade along the street based on side-shooting vehicle-based image sequence and 2D map, and road texture recovery using. The algorithms presented are verified by experiments on real data set.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Web Service Orchestration of OGC Web Services for Disaster Management

引用

3rd International Symopsium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Weiser, Albrecht Zipf, Alexander Univ Appl Sci FH Mainz I3mainz Inst Spatial Informat & Surveying Technol Mainz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086

Flexibility and reusability are major goals when developing complex applications based on OGC Web Services (OWS). Within the project OK-GIS (***) we evaluate the suitability of the Web Service Orchestration (WSO) technology as possible solution for disaster management scenarios. We present an example of a part of an evacuation scenario after a bomb has been found. This scenario includes in particular the need for emergency route planning. We evaluate how the actions to be performed by the system supporting the rescue workers can be mapped onto a service chain of basic OWS. The service chain is represented as a BPEL document and can be executed in a web service orchestration engine, such as Oracle BPEL-engine. BPEL is a standard for service orchestration and means Business Process Execution Language.

关键词： Reusability

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