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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography"

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GIS Initiatives in Improving the Dengue Vector Control

引用

International Conference in GIS and Health

作者： Tang, Mandy Y. F. Tsoi, Cheong-wai Lands Dept Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783540713180;9783540713173

The Hong Kong Government has been conducting a dengue fever surveillance program using ovitraps for several years. In the current practice, the disease patterns and vector trends are mapped with the use of a Geographical Information System (GIS) and analyses are then performed to identity buildings having potential danger of a higher Aedes Albopictus infestation. This chapter has two objectives: (1) to review the methodology adopted in this control in Hong Kong, and (2) to propose a GIS based approach to enhance the management and monitoring of the disease, with consideration of temporal, environmental and climatic factors. This study could be important to local communities and countries using ovitraps as a means of controlling dengue infection.

关键词： GIS health Dengue fever ovitraps temperature rainfall

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Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis to Support Maritime Search and Rescue Planning

引用

3rd International Symposium on Geomatics for Disaster and Risk Management (Gi4DM2007)

作者： Marven, Cindy A. Canessa, Rosaline R. Keller, Peter Univ Victoria Dept Geog Spatial Sci Labs Victoria BC V8W 3P5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783540721086;9783540721062

Managers are often expected to analyze, report, plan, and make decisions using data that are aggregated to administrative areas historically delineated for other purposes. This enforced aggregation may misinterpret true patterns or complexities underlying the data, hindering recognition and communication of potentially important insights. The result may well provide misleading information on which to base decisions. Spatial data analysis tools are available that could allow managers to analyze and aggregate data more meaningfully and effectively for decision-making and planning, while still allowing them to report to the standard administrative units. These spatial analytical tools would be of importance to managers who are using data to prevent, plan for, or mitigate risk-related events. The Canadian Coast Guard is offered as an example whereby managers are responsible for planning for the provision of maritime search and rescue emergency response using historical maritime incident data collected site-specific but aggregated to historical reporting units. We explore how spatial data analysis techniques, in combination with GIS, can provide a way to analyze incident data spatially regardless of existing reporting units, providing a better way to 'package' the data for use in emergency response planning and decision-making. We show how marine incident patterns over the region can be monitored to help planners anticipate emerging incident hot-spots or gauge the persistence of existing hot-spots. Finally, we show how a better understanding of incident patterns within existing administrative units can inform the development of new reporting boundaries that better reflect incident patterns.

关键词： Managers

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Application of a Dynamic Recurrent Neural Network in Spatio-Temporal Forecasting 1

引用

International Workshop on Information Fusion and Geographical Information Systems

作者： Cheng, Tao Wang, Jiaqiu UCL Dept Geomat Engn Gower St London WC1E 6BT England Sun Yat Sun Univ Sch Geog & Urban Planning Guangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9783540376293

ISBN: (纸本)9783540376286

Spatio-temporal data mining is the extraction of unknown and implicit knowledge, structures, spatio-temporal relationships, or patterns not explicitly stored in spatio-temporal databases. As one of data mining techniques, forecasting is widely used to predict the unknown future based upon the patterns hidden in the current and past data. In order to achieve spatio-temporal forecasting, some mature analysis tools, e.g., time series or spatial statistics, are extended to spatial or temporal aspect, respectively. Among other methods, neural network is widely used for spatial forecasting. Normally a static forward neural network is employed to discover the hidden and deeply entangled spatial relationships. However, such approach is insufficient in forecasting dynamic process developing over space (such as forest fire). Elman is a kind of dynamic recurrent neural network (RNN) which allows the network to detect and generate time-varying patterns as well as spatial-varying patterns. Therefore, we use the Elman network for spatio-temporal forecasting. Experimental results collected from real case of forest fire area prediction confirm the viability and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

关键词： Forecasting

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Environmental Risk Factor Diagnosis for Epidemics

Environmental Risk Factor Diagnosis for Epidemics

引用

International Conference in GIS and Health

作者： Wang, Jin-feng Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783540713180

There is evidence to suggest that the rapidly changing physical environment and modified human behaviors have disrupted the long-term established equilibrium of the chemical composition between human and the Earth environment. We have noticed that environmentally related endemic is increasingly persistent in poorer areas and occuring in rapidly developing regions. This chapter describes two models developed respectively to diagnose the risk of environmentally related diseases and to simulate the spatio-temporal spread of communicable diseases. In the first model, we used birth defects to show the diagnosis of an endemic by (i) detecting risk areas, (ii) identifying risk factors, and (iii) discriminating interaction between these risk factors. Here, a spatial unit is considered a pan within which multiple environmental factors are combined to exert impacts on the human which may lead to either positive or negative health consequences. We were able to show that a diagnosis of environmental risks to population health discloses the locations at risks and the potential contribution of environment factors to the disease. In the second case, we used SARS to show the modeling of a communicable disease by (i) inversing epidemic parameters, (ii) recognizing spatial exposure, (iii) detecting determinants of spread, and (iv) simulating epidemic scenarios under various environmental and control strategies. We were able to demonstrate spatial and temporal scenarios of the disease through the modeling of communicable epidemic spread.

关键词： environmentally related diseases spatio-temporal simulation spatio-temporal modeling

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New Public Key Cryptosystems Based on Difficulty of Factorization and Discrete Logarithm Problems 1

引用

International Workshop on Information Fusion and Geographical Information Systems

作者： Moldovyan, N. A. SPECTR Specialized Ctr Program Syst St Petersburg 197342 Russia

ISBN: (数字)9783540376293

ISBN: (纸本)9783540376286

Electronic messages authentication issue is of significant importance for geographical information systems. A number of public key cryptosystems base on RSA modulus (n) has been proposed and none of them provides a possibility to use its public key to perform the RSA encryption. Present paper introduces a new cryptoscheme whose public key can be also used to perform the RSA encryption and signing procedures, its own procedures are different though. The signature (S) verification formula in new scheme is alpha = S-M mod n, where M is the signed document and pair (n, alpha) is a public key. Requirements imposed on parameters n and alpha are discussed. Public encryption, signature generation, and key agreement protocol based on new cryptoscheme are considered. Using the (n, alpha) public key a new signature formation mechanism was proposed and it was used to design the digital signature scheme (DSS) described by the following verification equation: g - k = (alpha(kgM) mod n) mod delta, where (g, k) is signature and delta is a prime number. Finally the new signature formation mechanism to design a set of new short signature DSS based on difficulty of finding discrete logarithm are used. Also it is shown the Schnorr's DSS is incorporated as a particular case.

关键词： Digital signature public encryption public key cryptosystem key agreement protocol

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RIMapperWMS: a Web Map Service providing SVG maps with a built-in client

RIMapperWMS: a Web Map Service providing SVG maps with a bui...

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Kobben, Barend Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC Dept GIP NL-7500 AA Enschede Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

This paper introduces RIMapperWMS, a light-weight web mapping application that conforms to the Open Geospatial Consortium's Web Map Service specification. It serves interactive web maps from a spatial database back-end. Compared to existing WMS implementations, it stands out firstly because it serves its maps in the Scalable Vector Graphics format. This allows it to offer high-quality vector cartography, specially suitable for mobile devices such as PDA's and smartphones. Secondly, RIMapperWMS includes so-called VendorSpecific Capabilities that the OGC specification allows, in this case enabling it to produce the SVG output with a built-in Graphical User Interface, allowing the data to be disseminated to any SVG-capable application, without the need for a separate WMS client.

关键词： Web Mapping Spatial Databases WMS SVG built-in GUI

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Architecture Types of the Bit Permutation Instruction for General Purpose Processors 1

引用

International Workshop on Information Fusion and Geographical Information Systems

作者： Moldovyan, A. A. Moldovyan, N. A. Moldovyanu, P. A. SPECTR Specialized Ctr Program Syst St Petersburg 197342 Russia

ISBN: (数字)9783540376293

ISBN: (纸本)9783540376286

In large information systems different data transform algorithms including the bit permutation operations requiring an execution of great number of cycles are used. To increase significantly the software performance of such algorithm a controlled bit permutation instruction (BPI) is desirable. Here a question of justification of embedding a new command, controlled BPI, into the standard set of instructions of general-purpose processor for increasing the efficiency of different types algorithms implemented in software is studied. In a variety of applications two different types of bit permutation operations are required: arbitrary fixed permutations and variable permutations. The last are used in a new fast cipher designs based on data-dependent permutations. Accounting for an expediency of embedding the controlled permutation command into the set of elementary processor operations the cryptographic applications form only one of the motivation elements. Another strong motivation is BPI's use for solving variety of non-cryptographic problems. The multipurpose architecture of the BPI operation oriented to the efficient execution of both the cryptographic functions based on data-driven permutations and the algorithms including arbitrary bit permutations is proposed.

关键词： Cryptography fast software encryption controlled bit permutation new CPU instruction

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Spatial Data Management Aspects in Archaeological Excavation Documentation

Spatial Data Management Aspects in Archaeological Excavation...

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Pfoser, Dieter Hadzilacos, Thanasis Faradouris, Nikos Kyrimis, Kriton Res Acad Comp Technol Inst Davaki 10 Athens 11526 Greece Talent SA GR-10561 Athens Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

Archaeological excavation documentation poses several challenges to spatial data management. This work gives a data model, respective query functionality and the description of the resulting prototype system for recording and analyzing the data produced during the course of an excavation. Based on a requirements analysis, we develop a data model that not only captures geo-referenced finds (pottery sherds, bones, etc.) and their properties, but also excavation diaries and the particularities of the excavation space. Towards an effort of analyzing the collected data and constructing a virtual excavation space, we describe spatial query capabilities providing access to the data in two and three-dimensional space. The system also captures uncertainty with respect to position, which is quite common due to either missing information and/or approximate measurements. Finally, we will give a complete overview of "Arxaiorama," the system prototype that was developed during the course of a research project and that is currently being used at the excavation site of Dispilio in Kastoria, Greece.

关键词： archaeology GIS excavation documentation

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Intelligent Simulation of Hydrophysical Fields by Immunocomputing 1

引用

International Workshop on Information Fusion and Geographical Information Systems

作者： Tarakanov, Alexander O. Sokolova, Ludmilla A. Kvachev, Sergey V. Russian Acad Sci St Petersburg Inst Informat & Automat Russian Aca 14 Line 39 St Petersburg 199178 Russia Transas St Petersburg 199178 Russia

ISBN: (数字)9783540376293

ISBN: (纸本)9783540376286

This paper proposes a novel approach of simulation of hydrophysical fields (HPF), using immunocomputing (IC). The essence of the approach is the recognition of the value of scalar field in any point at any time by using a formal immune network (FIN) which is trained by the known values in some points of the field at some instants. Numerical experiments include simulations of sea surface temperature (SST) by utilizing average data obtained from the space monitoring of the Caspian Sea. The obtained results suggest that the IC simulator is promising for on-line modeling and visualization of real-world HPF.

关键词： Surface temperature

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Developing Habitat-suitability Maps of Invasive Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia. L) in China Using GIS and Statistical Methods

引用

International Conference in GIS and Health

作者： Chen, Hao Chen, Lijun Albright, Thomas P. Wuhan Univ Sch Remote Sensing Informat Engn Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Nat Geomat Ctr China Beijing Peoples R China Univ Wisconsin Dept Zool Madison WI USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783540713180;9783540713173

Invasive alien species pose a large and growing threat to the economy, public health, and ecological integrity in China. Ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia. L), native to North America, was first documented in China in 1935. As the primary pathogen of pollinosis, ragweed has become a serious menace to public health of China's population. Explaining and predicting the spatial distribution of ragweed is of great importance to prevention and early warning efforts. We studied the potential distribution of ragweed, the environmental factors that influence its distributions, as well as the ability to compute habitat-suitability maps using GIS and statistical tools. We have developed models using logistic regression based on herbarium specimen locations and a suite of GIS layers including climatic, topographic, and land cover information. Our logistic regression model was based on Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) from a suite of ecologically reasonable predictor variables. Based on the results, we provided a new method to compartmentalize the habitat-suitability in the native range. Finally, we used the model and the compartmentalized criterion developed in the native range to "project" a potential distribution onto the exotic ranges to build habitat-suitability maps.

关键词： invasive species habitat-suitability maps Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) logistic regression quantile GIS

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