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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography"

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Objectively Assessing 'Walkability' of Local Communities: Using GIS to Identify the Relevant Environmental Attributes

引用

International Conference in GIS and Health

作者： Leslie, Eva Cerin, Ester duToit, Lorinne Owen, Neville Bauman, Adrian Deakin Univ Sch Hlth & Social Dev Waterfront Campus1 Gheringhap St Geelong Vic 3217 Australia Univ Hong Kong Inst Human Perf Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Queensland Cancer Prevent Res Ctr Brisbane Qld Australia Univ Sydney NSW Ctr Phys Str Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783540713180;9783540713173

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) may be used to measure objectively, those features of the built environment that may influence walking. Public health research on environmental determinants of physical activity in adults shows that different factors can influence walking for recreation, compared to walking for transport. Most studies have used perceived (self-report) rather than objective measures of potentially relevant environmental attributes. We describe how a previously-developed index of 'walkability' was operationalized in an Australian context, using available spatial data. Attributes believed to be of relevance to walking for transport, that are measurable using GIS, are: Dwelling density (higher-density neighborhoods support greater retail and service variety, resulting in shorter, walkable distances between facilities;driving and parking are more difficult and time consuming). Connectivity ( higher intersection densities provide people with a greater variety of potential routes, easier access to major roads where public transport is available and shorter times to get to destinations). Land use mix (the more varied the land use mix and built form, then the more conducive it is to walk to various destinations). Net retail area (there are more options for destinations where goods and services may be purchased and more local employment opportunities that can be reached by walking). The associations of these attributes with walking behaviors can be examined separately, or in combination. Such GIS data are very helpful in fundamental studies of the environmental determinants of behavior, and also in applied policy research for cities, regions or local communities, to address public health and environmental issues.

关键词： GIS community walkability walking for transport environment and public health

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Extending Geographic Data Modeling by Adopting Constraint Decision Table to Specify Spatial Integrity Constraints

Extending Geographic Data Modeling by Adopting Constraint De...

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Wang, Fei Reinhardt, Wolfgang Univ Bundeswehr Munich AGIS GIS Lab D-85577 Neubiberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

The rapidly growing use of geospatial data creates a great demand for a standard based GIS data model which also includes quality issues. Especially when datasets are shared for different purposes, the quality information becomes important and must be available to the data users. This paper proposes a method to extend geographic data modeling which allows for the consideration of quality information in a standardized way. In more detail it is shown how Constraint Decision Table (CDT) can be used to include spatial integrity constraints in the model. The information of the data model will conduct the following activities in GIS, especially during the data capture process, thus we also focus on integrating the quality information within the data capture workflow. For the integration we use OGC web services and discuss how they can be extended to provide the mobile GIS clients with these information.

关键词： Geographic data modeling spatial integrity constraints data quality field data capture Mobile GIS

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Estimating the costs of an SDI-based project

Estimating the costs of an SDI-based project

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Nogueras-Iso, J. Bejar, R. Latre, M. A. Fernandez-Villoslada, E. Muro-Medrano, P. R. Zarazaga-Soria, F. J. Univ Zaragoza Comp Sci & Syst Engn Dept Zaragoza 50018 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

The development of any information system entails a set of costs that must be estimated well in advance. The estimation of costs facilitates an appropriate project planning and helps monitoring the different project tasks, verifying whether the expected cost of tasks is out of step with their real development. Given the multidisciplinary nature of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI), the estimation of costs for SDI-based projects is particularly complex. Apart from the complexity of technical aspects, they usually require the coordination of resources coming from different institutions in the public and private arenas. In such complex scenarios, the task of estimating may benefit from the development of small prototypes that can help the large scale estimation. This work estimates the costs for the implementation of an SDI-based project (SDIGER) in the European context based on the background given by a first prototype.

关键词： Cost estimation Spatial Data Infrastructures SDI INSPIRE European SDI Water Framework Directive WFD

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Depth Cue of Occlusion Information as Criterion for the Quality of Annotation Placement in Perspective Views

Depth Cue of Occlusion Information as Criterion for the Qual...

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Maass, Stefan Jobst, Markus Doellner, Juergen Univ Potsdam Hassoplattner Inst D-14482 Potsdam Germany Vienna Univ Technol Res Grp Cartog A-1040 Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

In cartography and computational geometry, concepts and techniques for automated label placement have been developed for two-dimensional maps. Less is known whether these methods can be applied to annotate geovirtual 3D environments. In this paper we discuss the application of these methods within geovirtual 3D environments and investigate the effects that can possibly harm the information transfer. To achieve high quality labeling readability, visibility, and the unambiguous correlation to the reference have to be ensured. Illustrated by examples, we show that perspective attributes inherently encoded in a depiction have to be considered as well. In particular, we focus on overriding occlusion information by added annotations and the impact on the complexity of the cognition process. A user test verifies our hypothesis that this disturbance is actually noticeable by users.

关键词： Annotation Labeling Depth Cue GIS Perspective Views Geovirtual Environments

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Centrope MAP: Combining X-Border Information from Multiple Sources for Planning Purposes 1

引用

International Workshop on Information Fusion and Geographical Information Systems

作者： Schrenk, Manfred Pozarek, Walter Dept. for Urbanism Transport Environment and Information Society MULTIMEDIAPLAN.AT and CEIT ALANOVA — Central European Institute of Technology Austria PGO - Planungsgemeinschaft Ost Austria

ISBN: (数字)9783540376293

ISBN: (纸本)9783540376286

"CENTROPE" is the new common name for the cross-border-region in Central Europe consisting of parts of Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Austria and including the cities of Vienna, Bratislava, Trnava, Brno, Gyor and Sopron. The CENTROPE region, strategically located in the heart of the "New Europe", is one of the continent's most dynamically developing regions. Harmonised cross-border geo-information is essential to support political and economic decision-making. "Centrope Map" represents a cross-border Spatial Data Infrastructure for the region. It provides a framework for a common map representation of cross-border spatial data via OGC-compliant Web Map Services (WMS) originating from different organizations and institutions throughout the region. Centrope Map as a Cross-Border Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is seen as a precondition for a successful and common development of the CENTROPE-region as a whole and all it's parts.

关键词： SDI Spatial Data Infrastructure Cross Border co-operation Cross Border Information Systems Spatial Planning Monitoring Centrope INSPIRE CENTROPE Web Map Services WMS OGC UMN MapServer Mapbender

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A GIS Application for Modeling Accessibility to Health Care Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

引用

International Conference in GIS and Health

作者： Murad, Abdulkader King Abdulaziz Univ Jeddah 21413 Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9783540713180;9783540713173

Defining health care accessibility is one of the major tasks that should be covered by health planners. This task can be implemented based on spatial and non-spatial factors. The former takes into account distances to the nearest health centers and provider-to-population ratios. The latter non-spatial factors cover issues such as social class of patients, income and age of health demand. Both factors depend on the use and analysis of spatial data such as the location of health centers, health care catchment areas, and population zones. All of these data can be handled and integrated using a GIS. his chapter presents a GIS based application for defining spatial accessibility to health centers in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. This application produces three accessibility models: (i) distance to the nearest health centre, (ii) health centre-to-population ratio, and (iii) a combined health care accessibility indicator based on spatial interaction techniques. Each one of these models aggregates the city into accessibility zones. The resulted zones can be used by health planners in deciding whether current health facilities cover the entire city on not. The ArcGIS Spatial Analyst and Network Analyst modules are used in this application. The former is used to produce a raster-based accessibility model for health centers while the latter is used to model health care accessibility using spatial interaction techniques to predict the flow of patients from their residential areas to the nearest health centers.

关键词： accessibility health care GIS Spatial Analyst Network Analyst spatial interaction

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Resolution Sensitivity of a Compound Terrain Derivative as Computed from LiDAR-Based Elevation Data

Resolution Sensitivity of a Compound Terrain Derivative as C...

引用

10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Straumann, Ralph K. Purves, Ross S. Univ Zurich Irchel Dept Geog CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

New technologies such as Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) provide high resolution digital elevation data. These data offer new possibilities in the field of terrain modelling and analysis. However, not very much is known about the effects when these data are used to compute broadly applied terrain derivatives. In this paper the sensitivity of the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and its two constituting components gradient and Specific Catchment Area (SCA) regarding the resolution of LiDAR- based elevation data is examined. For coarser resolutions a shift in the TWI distribution to higher values is noted. TWI distributions at different resolutions differ significantly from each other. These findings have an impact on aspatial and spatial modelling based on the TWI.

关键词： Terrain derivatives Topographic Wetness Index resolution sensitivity LiDAR

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Some Remarks on Topological Abstraction in Multi Representation Databases 1

引用

International Workshop on Information Fusion and Geographical Information Systems

作者： Thomsen, Andreas Breunig, Martin Univ Osnabruck Inst Geoinformat & Remote Sensing D-4500 Osnabruck Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783540376293

ISBN: (纸本)9783540376286

Topology is playing a central role in GIS and data integration. However, the standardisation of topological data models, especially for data represented at different levels of detail, has not yet far progressed. The multi-representation of geo-objects poses new challenges, resulting in the development of Multi-Representation Databases. MRDB manage objects with changing scale and level of detail. As spatial models change their content over time, the users require various representations of geo-objects. A general model based on oriented hierarchical d-Generalized Maps is introduced to represent topology in a MRDB. The model can be used as a data integration platform for 2D, 3D, and 4D topology. The realisation of the approach results in a topological toolbox comprising elementary and complex tools for single and multiple representations. An application example is presented, which uses 2D cartographic datasets from Hannover University. Finally, an outlook to ongoing research is given.

关键词： Topology abstraction geoinformation data integration LOD MRDB

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A Spatial-Temporal Approach to Differentiate Epidemic Risk Patterns

引用

International Conference in GIS and Health

作者： Wen, Tzai-hung Lin, Neal H. Lin, Katherine Chun-min Fan, I-chun Su, Ming-daw King, Chwan-chuen Acad Sinica Ctr Geog Informat Sci Res Ctr Humanities & Social Sci Taipei 115 Taiwan Coll Publ Hlth Inst Epidemiol Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Coll Publ Hlth Dept Publ Hlth Taipei Taiwan Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Bioenvironm Syst Engn Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9783540713180;9783540713173

The purpose of disease mapping is to find spatial clustering and identify risk areas and potential epidemic initiators. Rather than relying on plotting either the case number or incidence rate, this chapter proposes three temporal risk indices: the probability of case occurrence (how often did uneven cases occur), the duration of an epidemic (how long did cases persist), and the intensity of a transmission (were the case of chronological significance). By integrating the three indicators using the local indicator of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) statistic, this chapter intends to develop a novel approach for evaluating spatial-temporal relationships with different risk patterns in the 2002 dengue epidemic, the worst outbreak in the past sixty years. With this approach, not only are hypotheses generated through the mapping processes in furthering investigation, but also procedures provided to identify spatial health risk levels with temporal characteristics.

关键词： risk identification spatial autocorrelation spatial-temporal analysis epidemic

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Enabling P2P Cooperative WMS Proxy Caching and Prefetching in an Educational Environment

Enabling P2P Cooperative WMS Proxy Caching and Prefetching i...

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10th Conference of the Association-of-Geographic-Information-Laboratories-for-Europe (AGILE)

作者： Bergamini, Jeffrey A. Haungs, Michael Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo Dept Comp Sci San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783540723844

Given the great demand and promise for educational use of GIS, real time access to massive remote geospatial datasets for pedagogical purposes would be immensely useful to educators and students. However, such access has remained elusive. In other work, we have demonstrated that a P2P distributed system of client-side proxies can address the challenges posed by the interactive, multiplicative, and exploratory nature of classroom GIS, and we described this system at a high level. In this paper, we present the details of several novel techniques that enable P2P cooperative caching and prefetching of OGC WMS data in an educational lab environment, via an implicit and flexible pyramid tiling scheme, a query smoothing heuristic, and statistical prediction. The techniques are standards-compliant and client-transparent, and provide dramatic improvement in user response times while reducing impact on remote WMS servers.

关键词： WMS P2P caching prefetching tiling education

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