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A Measurement Tool of Airline Transport Pilot's Psychological Competency and Its Application 21st

A Measurement Tool of Airline Transport Pilot's Psychologica...

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21st International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (EPCE)

作者： Hong, Ruiyuan Yang, Qiyu Wang, Lei Civil Aviat Univ China Coll Safety Sci & Engn Tianjin Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031607271;9783031607288

Certain inherent psychological risks in pilots pose challenges that are difficult to tackle using low-cost flight training. Evaluating the psychological competence of pilots or aspiring flight students is crucial, and this study introduces a pilot's psychological competency measurement tool and its application. The measurement framework and method for evaluating airline transport pilot's psychological competency were developed based on the professional characteristics of airline transport pilots and the requirements of implementing pilots' Professionalism Lifecycle Management (PLM) system proposed by the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). The evaluation tool, grounded in occupational adaptability psychology and mental health considerations, focused on six dimensions: general cognitive ability, operational and professional ability, social-interpersonal ability, personality traits and attitude, mental quality, and mental state. To measure general cognitive ability and operational and professional ability, a combination of flight control sticks, a computer, and a tablet was employed. Social-interpersonal ability, personality traits and attitude, mental quality, and mental state were assessed using a tablet. Collaborating with various airlines and flight academies, the data collection phase was executed in March, July, and October of 2023. Robust and valid psychological competency data were collected from a diverse pool, including 22 airline pilots (average age 27.23 +/- 3.32 years), 169 ab initio pilots (average age 24.57 +/- 1.52 years), and 130 flight students (average age 22.38 +/- 0.791 years). The findings from this comprehensive analysis illuminated some distinctions among ab initio pilots, airline pilots, and flight students. Notably, flight students show-cased exceptional performance in the dimension of general cognitive abilities, demonstrating their cognitive prowess. On the other hand, airline pilots exhibited superior skills in flight operationa

关键词： Psychological Competency Measurement Method Pilot Selection

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Beyond the Grey Area: Exploring the Effectiveness of Scaffolding as a Learning Measure 25th

Beyond the Grey Area: Exploring the Effectiveness of Scaffol...

引用

25th International Conference on artificial intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Bernd, Nadine Schulze Chounta, Irene-Angelica Univ Duisburg Essen Dept Human Ctr Comp & Cognit Sci Duisburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031643019;9783031643026

In this paper, we aim to explore students' help-seeking patterns, and learning performance using a computational model of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). We used student traces in four courses supported by Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) to assess whether a student may be in their ZPD. Then, we analyzed students' help-seeking behavior and their performance after receiving scaffolding to investigate if and under which circumstances our assessment may act as a proxy of the ZPD. Results suggest that the computational model may offer an acceptable approximation of the student's ZPD. However, several factors, such as the difficulty of the learning task, the student's age, and their attitude regarding hints, may affect modeling students' cognitive states. We discuss the implications of this research on the design of computational student models for providing personalized and adaptive feedback and scaffolding. We envision that this work contributes toward bridging the gap between theory and practice for AI-assisted tutoring and scaffolding, and it provides insights regarding evaluation techniques of theory-driven, computational approaches.

关键词： Intelligent Tutoring Systems Student Modeling Zone of Proximal Development Scaffolding Personalization Adaptation

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A Comparative Study of Computational Linguistics Terminology in English Papers by Chinese and American Scholars 24th

A Comparative Study of Computational Linguistics Terminology...

引用

24th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop (CLSW)

作者： Xie, Yonghui Huang, Wei Yang, Erhong Beijing Language & Culture Univ Fac Linguist Sci Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Language & Culture Univ Inst Quantitat Lingist Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Language & Culture Univ China Natl Language Monitoring & Res Print Media Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819705856;9789819705863

This study aims to explore the research hotspots and development trends in computational linguistics through a terminology-based comparison. The specific method involves constructing a corpus of English papers in computational linguistics by Chinese and American scholars from the past decade, then counting the coverage frequency of basic and high-frequency terms in the corpus, and finally conducting a diachronic and synchronic comparative analysis. Our findings are as follows. Over the past decade, there was a decreasing trend in the usage of basic terms among both Chinese and American scholars in computational linguistics. This may be attributed to the continuous production of new terms and the reduction in comprehension difficulty of papers. Nonetheless, certain periods have shown an increase in the usage of specific terms, such as the prevalence of algorithms and models in Chinese scholars' papers from 2012 to 2013, and American scholars' focus on text processing, application systems, and linguistic resources from 2014 to 2015. On the other hand, the high-frequency terms used in the past decade collectively reflect the prevailing research trends in computational linguistics: continuous ascent and evolution of deep learning, consistent research interest and ongoing innovation in machine translation, and significant growth in the study of speech and discourse.

关键词： Terminology Comparison Computational Linguistics Chinese and American Scholars Research Hotspots

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Nudging Adolescents Towards Recommended Maths Exercises with Gameful Rewards 25th

Nudging Adolescents Towards Recommended Maths Exercises with...

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25th International Conference on artificial intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Ooge, Jeroen De Braekeleer, Joran Verbert, Katrien Univ Utrecht Dept Informat & Comp Sci Utrecht Netherlands Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Comp Sci Leuven Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9783031642982;9783031642999

E-learning systems that force learners to solve personalised exercises lower their control and possibly their motivation. To better balance learner control and automation, we created an app for practising high school equation-solving in which learners can select exercises from tailored sets and are nudged towards recommended ones with gameful rewards. Furthermore, labels indicate exercises' difficulty. A randomised controlled experiment with 154 adolescents revealed that our nudges made learners select harder exercises without negatively impacting short-term learning performance and self-reported competence. However, difficulty labels did not have such effects. In sum, our study suggests that reward-based nudging is promising to let learners voluntarily engage in more challenging learning materials while preserving selection freedom.

关键词： Learner control Nudging Gamification

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Jill Watson: A Virtual Teaching Assistant Powered by ChatGPT 25th

Jill Watson: A Virtual Teaching Assistant Powered by ChatGPT

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25th International Conference on artificial intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Taneja, Karan Maiti, Pratyusha Kakar, Sandeep Guruprasad, Pranav Rao, Sanjeev Goel, Ashok K. Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031643019;9783031643026

Conversational AI agents often require extensive datasets for training that are not publicly released, are limited to social chit-chat or handling a specific domain, and may not be easily extended to accommodate the latest advances in AI technologies. This paper introduces Jill Watson, a conversational Virtual Teaching Assistant (VTA) leveraging the capabilities of ChatGPT. Jill Watson based on ChatGPT requires no prior training and uses a modular design to allow the integration of new APIs using a skill-based architecture inspired by XiaoIce. Jill Watson is also well-suited for intelligent textbooks as it can process and converse using multiple large documents. We exclusively utilize publicly available resources for reproducibility and extensibility. Comparative analysis shows that our system outperforms the legacy knowledge-based Jill Watson as well as the OpenAI Assistants service. We employ many safety measures that reduce instances of hallucinations and toxicity. The paper also includes real-world examples from a classroom setting that demonstrate different features of Jill Watson and its effectiveness.

关键词： Virtual Teaching Assistant Intelligent Textbooks Conversational Agents Question Answering Modular AI Design

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Single Pilot Operations - Who Should Do What? Allocating Aviation Tasks to the Performing Cooperators 21st

Single Pilot Operations - Who Should Do What? Allocating Avi...

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21st International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (EPCE)

作者： Zinn, F. Ebrecht, L. Albers, F. Wies, M. Niedermeier, D. German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Aerosp Med Aviat & Space Psychol D-22335 Hamburg Germany German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Flight Guidance Dept Pilot Assistance D-38108 Braunschweig Germany German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Flight Guidance Human Factors Dept D-38108 Braunschweig Germany German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Flight Syst Flight Dynam & Simulat D-38108 Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031607271;9783031607288

Single Pilot Operation (SPO) is increasingly discussed amongst pilots, airlines, aircraft manufacturers, authorities, and other committees. In EASA's safety domain "the feasibility of the implementation of SPO in the EU regulatory framework by 2030" is to be assessed. Opinions on SPO vary widely, especially when the focus is on safety. Some see flight safety at risk, while others see a possible increase in flight safety, particularly through the simultaneous use of artificial intelligence or highly developed automation. The SPO concepts used as a basis for forming individual opinions differ a lot and are therefore often not comparable. Regardless of this, it is very likely that SPO will start to get into operation and might become one of the standards in commercial aviation in the future, e.g., starting for cargo flights. The way of implementation depends on various factors. The most important should be safety. In order to approach a possible common basis for decision-making, the DLR project NICo developed a safety-centered SPO concept and a suitable allocation of tasks to the different actors in an SPO scenario in multiple iterative processes. The concept and task allocation as well as the evaluation by 40 airline pilots are presented here.

关键词： single pilot operation NICo virtual co-pilot remote pilot onboard pilot AI

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Who Pilots the Copilots? Mapping a Generative AI's Actor-Network to Assess Its Educational Impacts 25th

Who Pilots the Copilots? Mapping a Generative AI's Actor-Net...

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25th International Conference on artificial intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Balzan, Francesco Munarini, Monique Angeli, Lorenzo Univ Bologna Via Zamboni 33 I-40126 Bologna Italy Univ Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Univ Trento Via Sommarive 9 I-38123 Povo TN Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031642982;9783031642999

Generative AI (GenAI) is praised as a transformative force for education, with the potential to significantly alter teaching and learning. Despite its promise, debates persist regarding GenAI impacts, with critical voices highlighting the necessity for thorough ethical scrutiny. While traditional ethical evaluations of GenAI tend to focus on the opacity of AI decision-making, we argue that the true challenge for ethical evaluation extends beyond the models themselves, and to the socio-technical networks shaping GenAI development and training. To address this limitation, we present an evaluation method, called Ethical Network Evaluation for AI (ENEA), which combines Latour's Actor-Network Theory-used to map network dynamics by tracing actors' interests and values-with Brusseau's AI Human Impact framework, which identifies ethical indicators for evaluating AI systems. By applying ENEA to GenAI "copilots" in education, we show how making Actor-Networks visible lets us unveil a great variety of dilemmas, guiding ethical auditing and stakeholder discussions.

关键词： AI for Education Actor-Network Theory AI human impact socio-technical systems GitHub Copilot Programming classes

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A Cognitive Approach to the Semantic Change of the Polysemy gang 'Wooden Bar' 24th

A Cognitive Approach to the Semantic Change of the Polysemy ...

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24th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop (CLSW)

作者： Wang, Hongzhu Zhong, Yin Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Humanities & Social Sci Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol Ctr Language Educ Kowloon Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819705825;9789819705832

The semantic meaning of the Chinese word. gang 'wooden bar at the front of bed,' has experienced a long derivational process driven by cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor and metonymy. In this study, we elaborated on the extended meanings of. gang based on the dictionaries and the corpus data. We have found a tendency of grammaticalization, denominalization, and deterioration of affective connotations for. gang. Further, we summarized five representative meanings of. gang and created image schemas respectively to discuss how the new meanings are generated and associated through the cognitive mechanism. With a radial framework of the semantic change of. gang presented in the end, we reiterate a continuum of metaphor and metonymy through realizations of image schemas and further highlight the interrelations between the cognitive mechanisms.

关键词： Semantic Change Metaphor Metonymy Image Schema Cognitive Linguistics

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EngageME: Exploring Neuropsychological Tests for Assessing Attention in Online Learning 25th

EngageME: Exploring Neuropsychological Tests for Assessing A...

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25th International Conference on artificial intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Yadav, Saumya Siddiqui, Momin N. Vats, Yash Shukla, Jainendra IIIT Delhi HMI Lab New Delhi India Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031643019;9783031643026

During the pandemic, online learning has gained immense popularity. However, assessing student engagement in online settings remains challenging due to reliance on potentially biased and logistically complex self-reporting methods. This study investigates the use of neuropsychological tests, originally designed for attention assessment, to measure cognitive engagement in online learning. To conduct our analysis, we initially correlated clinical models of attention with pedagogical approaches in online learning. Subsequently, we pinpointed the three most crucial attention types in online learning-selective, sustained, and alternating attention. We used three neuropsychological assessments to evaluate attention in a cohort of 73 students contributing to the EngageME dataset. We manually annotated students' facial videos during neuropsychological assessments, revealing substantial agreement (Krippendorff's Alpha: 0.864) and a strong correlation (Spearman's Rank Correlation: 0.673) with neuropsychological test scores. This confirms the convergent validity of our approach in measuring attention during online learning. We further propose Nuanced Attention Labeling using neuropsychological test scores-based models in online learning attention assessment, enhancing sensitivity to nuanced cognitive engagement. To assess the reliability of our approach to online learning, we performed a user study in online settings. This work implies the potential for a more accurate and nuanced assessment of students' cognitive engagement in online learning, contributing to the refinement of personalized and effective educational interventions.

关键词： Affective Computing Education Technology Cognitive Engagement Interactive learning environments

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Automatic Ellipsis Reconstruction in Coordinated German Sentences Based on Text-to-Text Transfer Transformers 27th

Automatic Ellipsis Reconstruction in Coordinated German Sent...

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27th International Conference on Text, Speech, and Dialogue (TSD)

作者： Schmidt, Marisa Harbusch, Karin Memmesheimer, Denis Univ Koblenz Fac Comp Sci Univ Str 1 D-56070 Koblenz Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031705625;9783031705632

Ellipsis reconstruction, i.e., revealing omitted syntactically obligatory words in a sentence, is still a challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies, even though this information is essential for advanced human-computer dialogues. Corpora for the training of omitted word reconstruction are increasingly appearing in the literature. Here, we focus on ellipsis phenomena in coordinated sentences-also called Clausal Coordinate Ellipsis (CCE)-in German. We report results with a Unified Text-To-Text Transfer Transformer (T5) model (Transfer Learning). A pre-trained model of written German is fine-tuned with a parallel corpus of pairs containing a reduced sentence and its canonical form, in which all omitted elements are explicitly listed. We compare the results for two parallel CCE corpora here, both of which are extracted from existing treebanks of German newspaper articles. We achieve a BLEU score of .8196 for testing the parallel TuBa-D/Z CCE corpus, and .6093 for testing a pre-release of the new parallel TIGER CCE corpus, respectively. The results can be improved to .8349 and .7543, respectively, for the training with the two CCE corpora together.

关键词： Clausal Coordinate Ellipsis (CCE) parallel Ellipsis reconstruction resources Large Language Model T5 Transfer Learning

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