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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture notes in artificial intelligence,"

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From Learning Actions to Dynamics: Characterizing Students' Individual Temporal Behavior with Sequence Analysis 25th

From Learning Actions to Dynamics: Characterizing Students' ...

引用

25th International Conference on artificial intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Villalobos, Esteban Perez-Sanagustin, Mar Broisin, Julien Univ Toulouse III Paul Sabatier IRIT Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031643019;9783031643026

Researchers recognize the pivotal role of temporal analysis in unraveling learning processes from learners' trace data. However, most temporal analysis methods focus on clustering similar trajectories, and very few offer metrics to characterize the learners' temporal learning behavior. This study draws upon a set of sequence indicators that characterize students' temporal behavior dynamics. These metrics, focusing on sequence length, diversity, and complexity, provide insights into students' learning engagement with the course. Applied to a dataset of 91 students collected from a Blended Learning course, we studied these metrics in relation to the learners' final grades and their self-regulatory profiles. Additionally, we assessed the causal effects of introducing a Learning Analytics Dashboard, an intervention aimed at fostering self-regulated learning, on students' temporal behavior and final grades by applying Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW). The results show that these metrics serve (1) to characterize individual students' dynamics through the course and (2) to provide information about the effects of the intervention. In particular, we show that students who interacted with the dashboard had significantly more complex behavior, but no difference in their final course grades. We also revealed that engagement measured as consistent activity might be a stronger predictor than specific learning strategies in an order. This research contributes with a methodological approach for extracting metrics that enrich traditional methods, emphasizing the unique dynamics of individual students, and paving the way for future interventions.

关键词： Sequence Analysis Temporal Analysis Learning Analytics Inverse Probability Weighting

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Lesson Learned: Design and Perception of Single Controller Operations Support Tools 21st

Lesson Learned: Design and Perception of Single Controller O...

引用

21st International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (EPCE)

作者： Hunger, Robert Christoffels, Lothar Friedrich, Maik Jameel, Mohsan Pick, Andreas Gerdes, Ingrid von der Nahmer, Peter Michael Sobotzki, Fabio German Aerosp Ctr DLR Braunschweig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031607301;9783031607318

Skilled labour shortage is a well-known current issue throughout western hemisphere. It affects air navigation service providers as well in recruitment of future air traffic controllers. One promising solution is a highly-automated enhanced support system enabling a deployment of one single air traffic controller per sector instead of two for a standard layout. However, automation can be problematic if it is impossible to establish trust for humans into technology. This paper presents design and interaction methods of validated support tools and functions during a validation campaign of single controller operations, the conduct of the validation itself and mainly the results regarding design and perception of air traffic controllers for support tools. A validation was carried out with a total of seven air traffic controllers with twenty-one human-in-the-loop real-time simulation validation runs in 2023 to assess design, perception and usability of the tools proposed for single controller operations and to provide a proof of concept for the feasibility of the SCO concept and the system as a whole. A selection of seven support tools were evaluated under different traffic loads and defined frame conditions including a variety of typical controller tasks and events in air traffic control. The results presented in this paper helped to rank and select support tools and functions, to detect possible improvements in design, interaction methods, human-machine information exchange and distribution of tasks in order to empower a human single controller to perform safe, efficient and sustainable operations in a team with a digital supporting environment.

关键词： Single Controller Operations Trust in Automation Human Machine Teaming Sonification

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Improved Alignment for Score Combination of RNN-T and CTC Decoder for Online Decoding 27th

Improved Alignment for Score Combination of RNN-T and CTC De...

引用

27th International Conference on Text, Speech, and Dialogue (TSD)

作者： Kwok, Chin Yuen Yip, Jia Qi Chng, Eng Siong Nanyang Technol Univ Coll Comp & Data Sci Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9783031705656;9783031705663

There has been growing interest in utilizing ensembles of CTC and RNN-T models to improve online ASR performance, as diverse model architectures can provide additional information and predictions for both training and decoding. To combine the CTC and RNN-T model predictions, previous works use shallow fusion to combine their frame-level scores during prefix beam search. However, the approach gives inferior results when the scores are not aligned. This is because the RNN-T and CTC models may each emit the same text token after a different number of frames. This misalignment means scores are wrongly combined at frames where one model outputs a text token but another model outputs a blank token. To address this, this paper proposes to align the RNN-T and CTC outputs using a sliding window algorithm to perform text-text matching and avoid wrongly combining the scores at text-blank outputs. On AISHELL-1 and the Singapore National Speech Corpus, our method consistently reduces the character and word error rate from 4.52% to 4.38%, and from 21.29% to 20.03% respectively.

关键词： speech recognition shallow fusion prefix beam search RNN-T CTC

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SeqCondenser: Inductive Representation Learning of Sequences by Sampling Characteristic Functions 27th

SeqCondenser: Inductive Representation Learning of Sequences...

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27th International Conference on Text, Speech, and Dialogue (TSD)

作者： Chenebaux, Maixent Cazenave, Tristan Vectors Grp Paris France Univ Paris Dauphine PSL CNRS LAMSADE Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031705625;9783031705632

In this work, we introduce SeqCondenser, a neural network layer that compresses a variable-length input sequence into a fixed-size vector representation. The SeqCondenser layer samples the empirical characteristic function and its derivatives for each input dimension, and uses an attention mechanism to determine the associated probability distribution. We argue that the features extracted through this process effectively represent the entire sequence and that the SeqCondenser layer is particularly well-suited for inductive sequence classification tasks, such as text and time series classification. Our experiments show that SCoMo, a SeqCondenser-based architecture, outperforms the state-of-the-art inductive methods on nearly all examined text classification datasets and also outperforms the current best transductive method on one dataset.

关键词： Multilayer neural networks

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The Experiment Study on EEG Characteristics of Different Personality Errors Under Consequence Stress 21st

The Experiment Study on EEG Characteristics of Different Per...

引用

21st International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (EPCE)

作者： Zhou, Qianxiang Liu, Tangqian Liu, Zhongqi Beihang Univ Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Biomed Engn Beijing 102402 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031607271;9783031607288

In this study, the subjective score, behavioral performance and EEG data of 41 subjects were collected and analyzed under two experimental conditions (no stress and consequence stress). According to the Big Five Personality Scale, the personality characteristics of the subjects were divided into five categories (i.e., Neuroticism, Openness, Conscientiousness, Pleasantness, and Extraversion). It was found that neuroticism personality and pleasantness personality were significantly correlated with stress perception, but neuroticism personality was more sensitive to stress. The higher the level of neuroticism, the higher the subjective questionnaire score. The results of behavioral performance analysis showed that the error rate under the condition of no consequence stress was greater than that under the condition of consequence stress. The results of event-related potential analysis found that Pe was significantly affected by different experimental conditions, and was greater under consequence pressure, while ERN was not significant difference between different experimental conditions. Time-frequency analysis results found that weaker alpha and beta band oscillations were induced under consequence stress. Under the stressful conditions, therewas a significant negative correlation between conscientiousness score and alpha-band energy. In summary, this study showed that the impact of consequence pressure on human error could be characterized by the changes in error-related ERP components and time-frequency characteristic indicators.

关键词： Consequence Stress Human Error Big-five Personality EEG Event-related Potential

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A Study on the Restraining Factors and Its Acting Forces of Selected Components of Chinese Abbreviations 24th

A Study on the Restraining Factors and Its Acting Forces of ...

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24th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop (CLSW)

作者： Feng, Yaolin Beijing Language & Culture Univ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819705825;9789819705832

Previous studies offer little quantitative analysis of the restraining factors in selected components of Chinese abbreviations, and the influence of each factor remains controversial. In order to solve these problems, this study firstly put forward an important concept - "internal segment", which attached importance to the hierarchical grammar structure of the original forms. Secondly, we sorted out, refined and tested the 10 restraining factors of selected components of Chinese abbreviations mentioned by predecessors;and based on their influence on the abbreviations as a whole, they can be categorized into three levels: strong, medium and weak. In addition, we found that the acting force of those restraining factors were overlapping and no single factor could operate independently. The findings could help to trigger a deeper consideration of theoretical and applied research on Chinese abbreviations.

关键词： Restraining Factors Components Selected Chinese Abbreviations

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Can (and Should) Automated Surrogate Modelling Be Used for Simulation Assistance? 24th

Can (and Should) Automated Surrogate Modelling Be Used for S...

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24th International Workshop on Multi-Agent-Based Simulation (MABS)

作者： Kurchyna, Veronika Berndt, Jan Ole Timm, Ingo J. German Res Ctr Artificial Intelligence DFKI Smart Data & Knowledge Serv Cognit Social Simulat Trier Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031610332;9783031610349

Recent advances in machine learning may be leveraged by researchers in the context of agent-based modelling. With the help of surrogate models, machine learned models based on samples of a more complex agent-based model, computationally expensive evaluation methods such as sensitivity analysis and calibration may be supported and sped up. To explore the outlook on using surrogate modelling to assist simulation, possible criteria for eligibility are defined. With regards to a use case such as simulation-based crisis management and decision support, existing literature in different fields is reviewed to assess the current state of the art and potentials for holistic approaches to surrogate modelling-based simulation assistance. This work acknowledges the potentials of surrogate modelling in combination with automated machine learning, but finds no evidence that the current state of the art allows for an accessible, wide-spread usage.

关键词： Agent-based Modelling AutoML Surrogate Modelling Metamodelling Simulation

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Impact of Startle Reflex on Cognitive Performance, Face Temperature and Brain Activity 21st

Impact of Startle Reflex on Cognitive Performance, Face Temp...

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21st International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (EPCE)

作者： Deniel, Jonathan Neubert, Jens Schwartz, Flora Causse, Mickael Univ Toulouse ISAE SUPAERO 10 Ave Edouard Belin F-31400 Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031607271;9783031607288

Human performance is of paramount importance in aircraft piloting. The ability to perform the required flying tasks under stressful conditions is critical. However, unexpected or threatening events have the potential to trigger a startle reflex, a phenomenon that can lead to cognitive incapacitation and potentially catastrophic accidents. Few studies have examined brain activity following a startle reflex, especially during a complex cognitive task. We conducted an experiment in which we induced a startle reflex using loud acoustic stimuli while participants were engaged in the Toulouse n-back task (engaging memory processes and mental calculation). During the task, brain measures were obtained using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and facial temperature was recorded using a thermal camera. Our initial findings reveal that the startle reflex has been successfully induced, as demonstrated by the observable behavioral reactions captured in the camera recordings. After experiencing the startle reflex, participants showed a brief decrease in task performance, suggesting a momentary disruption of cognitive processes, highlighting the potential implications of the startle reflex for aviation safety. The integration of multimodal physiological techniques will allow us to comprehensively investigate both cerebral and peripheral physiological responses during the startle reflex. Our research will contribute to the understanding of how startle responses can affect cognitive performance and shed light on the potential cognitive incapacitation that may result from this phenomenon.

关键词： Startle reflex Aviation Cognitive Incapacitation Thermal imaging fNIRS

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Comparison Activities in a CTAT Tutor for Algorithmic Thinking 25th

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Comparison Activities in a C...

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25th International Conference on artificial intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Keech, Amanda Muldner, Kasia Carleton Univ Dept Cognit Sci Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031643019;9783031643026

Prior work has shown that novice programmers find algorithmic thinking challenging. However, to date there is little research on how to help students learn this skill. We investigated if comparison of programming examples helps novice programmers improve skills related to generation and modification of algorithms. As a testbed for our research, we implemented two versions of a CTAT tutoring system: one that presented pairs of examples and asked students to compare them (comparison tutor), and a second that presented examples sequentially (sequential tutor). Findings from an experimental study (N = 57) showed that ignoring condition, students learned from the tutors. The comparison tutor significantly improved procedural knowledge but with the caveat that Bayesian statistics did not provide strong evidence for the alternative hypothesis. In contrast, there was no significant effect of tutor version on procedural flexibility or transfer questions and Bayesian statics provided substantial evidence for the null hypothesis.

关键词： Example-Comparison Tutor Algorithmic Thinking Procedural Flexibility

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Gaze Distribution of an Observer While Imagining Wearing Clothing Portrayed in an Advertisement and Predicting the Impression on Others 21st

Gaze Distribution of an Observer While Imagining Wearing Clo...

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21st International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (EPCE)

作者： Iwasaki, Fuyuko Inoue, Michiko Nishiyama, Masashi Tottori Univ Grad Sch Engn 101 Minami 4 Chome Koyama Tottori 6808550 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031607301;9783031607318

Observers using image-sharing social networking services often imagine wearing the clothing portrayed in advertising images and predict the impression on others. It is likely that an observer's gaze is drawn to specific body parts of the person shown wearing the clothes, and as such, the specific body parts that are focused on by the observer could provide cues regarding impression prediction. Although previous analytical studies have investigated the role of gaze distribution in evaluating the subject attractiveness, no studies have examined the gaze of observers while they imagined wearing clothes and predicted the impression on others. In this paper, we measured the gaze distribution while observers imagined wearing a portrayed subject's clothing and predicted the impression on others. We further investigated the degree to which an observer's gaze was focused on each subject's body part according to the characteristics of the gaze distribution. The experimental results showed that, in the case of an image taken from head to toe, the observer's gaze tended to be focused most on the subject's chest, followed by the head. In the case of images taken with the head occluded, the observer's gaze tended to focus most on the subject's chest, followed by the stomach.

关键词： Gaze distribution Impression prediction Imagining wearing clothing Advertising images

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