In the context of general rough sets, the act of combining two things to form another is not straightforward. The situation is similar for other theories that concern uncertainty and vagueness. Such acts can be endowe...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031509582;9783031509599
In the context of general rough sets, the act of combining two things to form another is not straightforward. The situation is similar for other theories that concern uncertainty and vagueness. Such acts can be endowed with additional meaning that go beyond structural conjunction and disjunction as in the theory of *- norms and associated implications over L-fuzzy sets. In the present research, algebraic models of acts of combining things in generalized rough sets over lattices with approximation operators (called rough convenience lattices) is invented. The investigation is strongly motivated by the desire to model skeptical or pessimistic, and optimistic or possibilistic aggregation in human reasoning, and the choice of operations is constrained by the perspective. Fundamental results on the weak negations and implications afforded by the minimal models are proved. In addition, the model is suitable for the study of discriminatory/toxic behavior in human reasoning, and of ML algorithms learning such behavior.
Emotion-cause pair extraction (ECPE) aims to extract all potential pairs of emotions and corresponding cause(s) from a given document. Current methods have focused on extracting possible emotion-cause pairs by directl...
ISBN:
(数字)9783031333835
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031333828;9783031333835
Emotion-cause pair extraction (ECPE) aims to extract all potential pairs of emotions and corresponding cause(s) from a given document. Current methods have focused on extracting possible emotion-cause pairs by directly analyzing the given documents on the basis of a large training set. However, there are many hard-matching emotion-cause pairs that require commonsense knowledge to understand. Exploiting only the given documents is insufficient to capture the latent semantics behind these hard-matching emotion-cause pairs, which may downgrade the performance of existing ECPE methods. To fill this gap, we propose a Knowledge-Enhanced Hierarchical Transformers framework for the ECPE task. Specifically, we first inject commonsense knowledge into the given documents to construct the knowledge-enhanced clauses. To incorporate the injected knowledge into the clause representations, we then develop a hierarchical Transformers module that leverages two different types of transformer blocks to encode knowledge-enriched clause representations at both global and local stages. Experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance.
In this paper, I discuss the question of whether AI can be creative. I argue that AI-produced artworks can display features of creativity, but that the processes leading to the creative product are not creative. I dis...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031490101;9783031490118
In this paper, I discuss the question of whether AI can be creative. I argue that AI-produced artworks can display features of creativity, but that the processes leading to the creative product are not creative. I distinguish between and describe the creative processes of humans and the generation-processes of AI. I identify one property of the former, which enables me to distinguish it from the latter: creative processes are instances of self-expression. An important feature of self-expressiveness, I argue, is that it can be retold in a self-narrative.
In a future of self-driving and connected vehicles, cooperative driving will be the key to guarantee that not only isolated vehicles can hit the road safely on their own, but that the collective of vehicles displays e...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031212024;9783031212031
In a future of self-driving and connected vehicles, cooperative driving will be the key to guarantee that not only isolated vehicles can hit the road safely on their own, but that the collective of vehicles displays efficient and safe behaviours. Intersection crossing is arguably the most challenging problem for cooperative driving, as vehicles need to coordinate their relative movements while avoiding collisions and optimising intersection throughput. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent based approach exploiting computational argumentation to coordinate vehicles at intersections: vehicles approaching an intersection, represented by agents, argue about their right of way, while an arbitration process resolves conflicting arguments (i.e., leading to vehicle collisions) by applying a configurable conflicts resolution policy and suggesting alternative routes to vehicles. Extensive simulation results show that - in most situations - the argumentation-based approach enables increasing the overall throughput at intersections while decreasing vehicles' delay.
The legal search has great demand and a role in society. Ontology is a useful solution to represent the legal domain. This paper introduces a method to extract knowledge from law documents for building a legal knowled...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031368189;9783031368196
The legal search has great demand and a role in society. Ontology is a useful solution to represent the legal domain. This paper introduces a method to extract knowledge from law documents for building a legal knowledge base as the Legal-Onto Ontology. The method also proposes a solution to extract concepts and their relationships to create a knowledge graph. This is the foundation for solving the semantic query problem and returning the correct answer to meet the user's needs. The experimental results show that it is possible to build a law lookup application, which meets the practical requirements of users.
Accurate time series forecasting is a fundamental challenge in data science, as it is often affected by external covariates such as weather or human intervention, which in many applications, may be predicted with reas...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031498954;9783031498961
Accurate time series forecasting is a fundamental challenge in data science, as it is often affected by external covariates such as weather or human intervention, which in many applications, may be predicted with reasonable accuracy. We refer to them as predicted future covariates. However, existing methods that attempt to predict time series in an iterative manner with auto-regressive models end up with exponential error accumulations. Other strategies that consider the past and future in the encoder and decoder respectively limit themselves by dealing with the past and future data separately. To address these limitations, a novel feature representation strategy - shifting - is proposed to fuse the past data and future covariates such that their interactions can be considered. To extract complex dynamics in time series, we develop a parallel deep learning framework composed of RNN and CNN, both of which are used in a hierarchical fashion. We also utilize the skip connection technique to improve the model's performance. Extensive experiments on three datasets reveal the effectiveness of our method. Finally, we demonstrate the model interpretability using the Grad-CAM algorithm.
As AI has been applied in many decision-making processes, ranging from loan application approval to predictive policing, the interpretability of machine learning models is increasingly important. Interpretable models ...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031333767;9783031333774
As AI has been applied in many decision-making processes, ranging from loan application approval to predictive policing, the interpretability of machine learning models is increasingly important. Interpretable models and post-hoc explainability are two approaches in eXplainable AI (XAI). We follow the argument that transparent models should be used instead of black-box ones in real-world applications, especially regarding high-stakes decisions. In this paper, we propose PolyFIT to address two major issues in XAI: (1) bridging the gap between black-box and interpretable models and (2) experimentally validating the trade-off relationship between model performance and explainability. PolyFIT is a novel polynomial model construction method assisted by the knowledge of feature interactions in black-box models. PolyFIT uses extracted feature interaction knowledge to build interaction trees, which are then transformed into polynomial models. We evaluate the predictive performance of PolyFIT with baselines using four publicly available data sets, Titanic survival, Adult income, Boston house price, and California house price. Our method outperforms linear models by 5% and 56% in classification and regression tasks on average, respectively. We also conducted usability studies to derive the trade-off relationship between model performance and explainability. The studies validate our hypotheses about the actual relationship between model performance and explainability.
AI models that can recognize and understand the semantics of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) enable a variety of use cases ranging from accessibility to automation. Recent efforts in this domain have pursued the deve...
ISBN:
(数字)9783031426087
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031426070;9783031426087
AI models that can recognize and understand the semantics of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) enable a variety of use cases ranging from accessibility to automation. Recent efforts in this domain have pursued the development of a set of foundation models: generic GUI understanding models that can be used off-the-shelf to solve a variety of GUI-related tasks, including ones that they were not trained on. In order to develop such foundation models, meaningful downstream tasks and baselines for GUI-related use cases will be required. In this paper, we present interactive link prediction as a downstream task for GUI understanding models and provide baselines as well as testing tools to effectively and efficiently evaluate predictive GUI understanding models. In interactive link prediction, the task is to predict whether tapping on an element on one screen of a mobile application (source element) navigates the user to a second screen (target screen). If this task is solved sufficiently, it can demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between elements and components across screens and enable various applications in GUI design automation and assistance. To encourage and support research on interactive link prediction, this paper contributes (1) a pre-processed large-scale dataset of links in mobile applications (18,830 links from 5,362 applications) derived from the popular RICO dataset, (2) performance baselines from five heuristic-based and two learning-based GUI understanding models, (3) a small-scale dataset of links in mobile GUI prototypes including ratings from an online study with 36 end-users for out-of-sample testing, and (4) a Figma plugin that can leverage link prediction models to automate and assist mobile GUI prototyping.
We are interested in widening the reasoning support for propositional modal logics in the so-called modal cube. The modal cube consists of extensions of the basic modal logic K with an arbitrary combination of the mod...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031384998;9783031384981
We are interested in widening the reasoning support for propositional modal logics in the so-called modal cube. The modal cube consists of extensions of the basic modal logic K with an arbitrary combination of the modal axioms B, D, T, 4 and 5. We revisit recently developed local reductions from all logics in the modal cube to a normal form comprising sets of clausal formulae with associated modal levels. We extend these reductions further to the basic modal logic K, called definitional reductions. This enables any prover for K to be used to solve the satisfiability problem for all logics in the modal cube. We also present alternative, axiomatic, reductions based on ideas originally proposed by Kracht, providing new theoretical results and improved bounds on the size of the reductions. We compare both sets of reductions combined with state-of-the-art provers for K on a large set of parametric benchmarks for all logics in the modal cube. The results show that the provers perform better with reductions based on the clausal normal form than the axiomatic reductions.
Human face is used to express affects and feelings, either involuntary or deliberately. How many dimensions of emotional flavors can be robustly distinguished in facial expressions, across individuals and cultures? He...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031334689;9783031334696
Human face is used to express affects and feelings, either involuntary or deliberately. How many dimensions of emotional flavors can be robustly distinguished in facial expressions, across individuals and cultures? Here we offer an answer and develop a practical approach to generate synthetic emotional facial expressions. Results can be used in studies of synthetic emotions.
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