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The Semantic Features and Construal Mechanisms of the Expectational Negative Adverb Kong in Mandarin 24th

The Semantic Features and Construal Mechanisms of the Expect...

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24th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop (CLSW)

作者： Zeng, Jinghan Yuan, Yulin Beijing Normal Univ Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Peking Univ Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Univ Macau Taipa 999078 Macao Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819705825;9789819705832

This paper examines the synchronic semantic features and pragmatic functions, as well as construal mechanisms of the adverb kong in Mandarin from multiple perspectives. First, it introduces the phenomenon of implicit negation in Mandarin and the main issues of this paper in the introduction part. Then, the synchronous semantic versatility of kong in Mandarin are summarized in the second part, revealing its implicit negative features that differ from dominant negation in the third part. Furthermore, the fourth part analyzes the expectational negative function brought about by the implicit negation of kong and extracts the speaker's intentions during speech communication from extensive natural language materials. This paper finds that the adverb kong carries implicit negative meaning, enabling it to negate the shared expectations of both conversational participants. These expectations represent the felicity condition, where both parties believe the proposition should have been met. The expectational negation reflects various subjective intentions of the speaker, such as the belief that the VP-event should not occur or that the VP-event should yield specific results. It also showcases ultimate humanistic care through empathy with the listener.

关键词： The adverb kong Expectational negation Construal mechanisms

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On the Discourse Functions of Biede Bushuo Based on Pragma-Dialectical Theory 24th

On the Discourse Functions of Biede Bushuo Based on Pragma-D...

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24th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop (CLSW)

作者： Chen, Si Huang, Lue Zhejiang Univ Sch Literature Hangzhou Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Humanities Singapore Singapore Zhejiang Univ Sch Philosophy Ctr Study Language & Cognit Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819705856;9789819705863

This study endeavors to elucidate the discourse functions of biede bushuo ((sic)) 'leaving aside other aspects' in mandarin Chinese. On the basis of corpus data, we mainly start from the perspective of pragma-dialectical theory, so as to carry out an analysis on occurrences of biede bushuo in argumentative discourse. Furthermore, we argue the functions in the four stages of critical discussion in argumentative discourse, and it can draw the conclusions of follows initially. At the confrontation and opening stage, biede bushuo can appear in the vicinity of a topic to select and restrict this topic;at the stage of argumentation, the expression can be employed in constructing the argument chaining that follows it;at the concluding stage, it lays emphasis on the authority of the conclusion. This research will help not only to broaden the understanding of the functional aspects of discourse markers but also to deepen philosophical reflections on the intrinsic argumentative nature embedded within language.

关键词： Biede Bushuo Discourse Functions Pragma-Dialectical Theory

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Evaluation of Geographical Distortions in Language Models 27th

Evaluation of Geographical Distortions in Language Models

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27th International Conference on Discovery Science

作者： Decoupes, Remy Interdonato, Roberto Roche, Mathieu Teisseire, Maguelonne Valentin, Sarah Univ Montpellier AgroParisTech Maison Teledetect TETISCIRADCNRSINRAE 500 Rue JF Breton F-34090 Montpellier France INRAE UMR TETIS Montpellier France CIRAD UMR TETIS F-34398 Montpellier France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031789762;9783031789779

Language models now constitute essential tools for improving efficiency for many professional tasks such as writing, coding, or learning. For this reason, it is imperative to identify inherent biases. In the field of Natural Language Processing, five sources of bias are well-identified: data, annotation, representation, models, and research design. This study focuses on biases related to geographical knowledge. We explore the connection between geography and language models by highlighting their tendency to misrepresent spatial information, thus leading to distortions in the representation of geographical distances. This study introduces four indicators to assess these distortions, by comparing geographical and semantic distances. Experiments are conducted from these four indicators with eight widely used language models and their implementations are available on github (https://***/tetis-nlp/geographical-biases-in-llms). Results underscore the critical necessity of inspecting and rectifying spatial biases in language models to ensure accurate and equitable representations.

关键词： Natural Language Processing (Large) Language Model Spatial Information

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Distribution-Aligned Sequential Counterfactual Explanation with Local Outlier Factor 21st

Distribution-Aligned Sequential Counterfactual Explanation w...

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21st Pacific Rim International Conference on artificial intelligence

作者： Yamao, Shoki Kobayashi, Ken Kanamori, Kentaro Takagi, Takuya Ike, Yuichi Nakata, Kazuhide Tokyo Inst Technol Meguro Ku Tokyo 1528552 Japan Fujitsu Ltd Kawasaki Kanagawa 2118588 Japan Kyushu Univ Nishi Ku Fukuoka 8190395 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819601158;9789819601165

Sequential counterfactual explanation is one of the counterfactual explanation methods suggesting how to sequentially change the input feature vector to obtain the desired prediction result from a trained classifier. To show realistic sequential change, existing methods construct a neighborhood graph and obtain a path from the original feature vector to reach a sample for which the model outputs the desired result. However, constructing an appropriate neighborhood graph is challenging and time-consuming in practice. This study proposes a new sequential counterfactual explanation method that generates a realistic path without constructing a neighborhood graph. To evaluate the reality of the suggested path, we first define a cost function based on the Local Outlier Factor (LOF) that assesses how much each vector in the path deviates from the underlying data distribution. Then, we propose an algorithm for generating a path by iteratively decreasing our cost function. Since our cost function is non-differentiable due to LOF, we use a local linear approximation to obtain a local descent direction. Our numerical experiments demonstrated that our method could generate a realistic path that aligns with the data distribution, and its computational time was more stable than the existing method.

关键词： Counterfactual Explanation Local Outlier Factor Explainable Machine Learning

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A Small Icon and Its Effect on User Perception - How the Design of the Passenger Call Button Shapes Passengers Communication with Cabin Crew 21st

A Small Icon and Its Effect on User Perception - How the Des...

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21st International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics (EPCE)

作者： Manikath, Elizabeth Li, Wen-Chin Braithwaite, Graham R. Piotrowski, Pawel Cranfield Univ Safety & Accid Invest Ctr Cranfield Beds England Lufthansa Tech AG Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031607301;9783031607318

"Learn how to see. Realize that everything connects to everything else" - Leonardo da Vinci. Flight attendants are usually perceived as service workers although their main responsibility is to ensure safety and security on board. This picture has been manifested due to historic developments such as the deregulation of commercial air travel and resultingly the focus on service as a mean for airlines to differentiate their offerings in the market. However, some of the relics of these times, such as the icon for the Passenger Call Button, do not seem to fit into the modern world where gender-equality is a strong value. Research question. This paper assess different icon configurations on an IFE screen to assess passenger's preference. Methodology. A video containing sample IFE screens with alternating icons were shown to participants to firstly identify whether the changes will be noticed and secondly to asses their preference on the design. Results. Passengers preferred the gender-neutral icons over feminized symbols mainly due to gender-neutrality. There was a significant relation between education and the preference of the icon which indicate that the higher the education level the more attention is paid to gender-equality. Discussion. The overall positive responses for the spot the difference test result from prolonged display times which could be shortened to induce change blindness. Further research e.g. using eye-tracking technology could provide more insights into the visual scanning process. Conclusion. This study provides insights into how an optimal icon design can change the perception of passenger's on how cabin attendants work shall be done. Detailed cross-cultural studies need to be carried out in order to understand whether gender-equality is equally important in all parts of the world.

关键词： gender-equality WAD vs. WAI Flight attendants Passenger Call Button visual attention user-centered design

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The Semantic Features and Pragmatic Functions of Cantonese Quasi-Demonstrative Type Quantifier di1: A Comparison with Demonstratives ne1 and go2 24th

The Semantic Features and Pragmatic Functions of Cantonese Q...

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24th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop (CLSW)

作者： Huang, Xiyue Beijing Normal Univ Sch Chinese Language & Literature Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819705825;9789819705832

The Cantonese collected quantifier di1 exhibits a demonstrative use within the quantifier-noun construction, which results from the grammaticalization of the quantifier di1. It can be regarded as a quasi-demonstrative quantifier. While this phenomenon of using quantifiers independently exists in many southern Chinese dialects, there is a limited description of the semantics and pragmatic functions of the Cantonese quasi-demonstrative quantifier di1. This paper compares di1 with two basic demonstratives in Cantonese, ne1 and go2, to describe the semantic features, referential properties, and pragmatic functions of di1. The fundamental conclusion is that di1 does not convey the meaning of distance, but it carries an indefinite plural meaning and functions similarly to neutral demonstratives. Therefore, in Cantonese, di1 is a neutral quasi-demonstrative. Regarding referential properties, di1 falls under the category of indeterminate expressions, and its identifiability, referentiality, and generic/individual depend on the context. From a pragmatic perspective, di1 not only shares functions with ne1 and go2, such as indicating discourse referents, direct speech pointing, deixis, and identification but also can mark topics.

关键词： Quasi-demonstrative quantifier (sic)[di1] Cantonese demonstratives Semantic features Pragmatic functions

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Learning Multiple Multicriteria Additive Models from Heterogeneous Preferences 8th

Learning Multiple Multicriteria Additive Models from Heterog...

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8th International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory

作者： Auriau, Vincent Belahcene, Khaled Malherbe, Emmanuel Mousseau, Vincent Univ Paris Saclay CentraleSupelec MICS Gif Sur Yvette France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031739026;9783031739033

Additive preference representation is standard in Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis, and learning such a preference model dates back from the UTA method [11]. In this seminal work, an additive piece-wise linear model is inferred from a learning set composed of pairwise comparisons. In this setting, the learning set is provided by a single Decision-Maker (DM), and an additive model is inferred to match the learning set. We extend this framework to the case where (i) multiple DMs with heterogeneous preferences provide part of the learning set, and (ii) the learning set is provided as a whole without knowing which DM expressed each pairwise comparison. Hence, the problem amounts to inferring a preference model for each DM and simultaneously "discovering" the segmentation of the learning set. In this paper, we show that this problem is computationally difficult. We propose a mathematical programming based resolution approach to solve this Preference Learning and Segmentation problem (PLS). We also propose a heuristic to deal with large datasets. We study the performance of both algorithms through experiments using synthetic and real data.

关键词： Additive preference model preference learning heterogeneous preferences

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YOWOv2: A Stronger yet Efficient Multi-level Detection Framework for Real-Time Spatio-Temporal Action Detection 17th

YOWOv2: A Stronger yet Efficient Multi-level Detection Frame...

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17th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications

作者： Jiang, Zhiqiang Yang, Jianhua Jiang, Nan Liu, Shuaiyan Xie, Tao Zhao, Lijun Li, Ruifeng Harbin Inst Technol State Key Lab Robot & Syst Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Yangtze River Delta HIT Robot Technol Res Inst Wuhu 241007 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819607730;9789819607747

Designing a real-time framework for the spatio-temporal action detection task is still a challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel real-time action detection framework, YOWOv2. In this new framework, YOWOv2 takes advantage of both the 3D backbone and 2D backbone for accurate action detection. A multi-level detection pipeline is designed to detect action instances of different scales. To achieve this goal, we carefully build a simple and efficient 2D backbone with a feature pyramid network to extract different levels of classification features and regression features. For the 3D backbone, we adopt the existing efficient 3D CNN to save development time. By combining 3D backbones and 2D backbones of different sizes, we design a YOWOv2 family including YOWOv2-Tiny, YOWOv2-Medium, and YOWOv2-Large. We also introduce the popular dynamic label assignment strategy and anchor-free mechanism to make the YOWOv2 consistent with the advanced model architecture design. With our improvement, YOWOv2 is significantly superior to YOWO, and can still keep real-time detection. Without any bells and whistles, YOWOv2 achieves 87.0% frame mAP and 52.8% video mAP with over 20 FPS on the UCF101-24. On the AVA, YOWOv2 achieves 21.7% frame mAP with over 20 FPS. Our code is available on https://***/ yjh0410/YOWOv2.

关键词： Spatio-temporal action detection one-stage detection spatial encoder temporal encoder robot perception

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A Biocompatible Strain Sensor Based on Ni-GaIn and SA-Doped PAAM for Implantable Bioelectronics 17th

A Biocompatible Strain Sensor Based on Ni-GaIn and SA-Doped ...

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17th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications

作者： Tu, Mingxi Liang, Jiawen Guo, Hongji Zhao, Tianming Yu, Haibo Chinese Acad Sci Shenyang Inst Automat State Key Lab Robot Shenyang 110016 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Sch Mech Engn & Automat Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819607945;9789819607952

With the rapid evolution of sensor technology, biomaterials, and micro/nano manufacturing techniques, the performance requirements for flexible electronic devices have been increasingly elevated. These devices not only need to exhibit exceptional flexibility and stability but also require a high level of biocompatibility to adapt to a variety of application scenarios ranging from attachment to the skin surface to implantation inside the body, ultimately facilitating the monitoring and feedback of internal human body information. In this study, by doping Ni particles in Liquid metal (Ni-GaIn) to regulate the surface tension and fabricating them with a biocompatible hydrogel (SA-doped PAAM), an implantable strain sensor was successfully developed. This method not only significantly improves the processability and moldability of liquid metal by reducing its surface tension but also endows the device with excellent stretchability through the construction of a stable hydrogel-liquid metal interface. The device possesses high stretchability and can serve as an implantable stress sensor, stably sensing motion information such as bending angles within biological tissues. This research provides new insights for the design and fabrication of implantable bioelectronics and holds promising application prospects in the field of biomedical engineering.

关键词： Hydrogel Liquid Metal Biocompatibility Implantable Bioelectronics

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Aspects of Modeling Human Behavior in Agent-Based Social Simulation - What Can We Learn from the COVID-19 Pandemic? 24th

Aspects of Modeling Human Behavior in Agent-Based Social Sim...

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24th International Workshop on Multi-Agent-Based Simulation (MABS)

作者： Johansson, Emil Lorig, Fabian Davidsson, Paul Malmo Univ Dept Comp Sci & Media Technol Malmo Sweden Malmo Univ Internet Things & People Res Ctr Malmo Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9783031610332;9783031610349

Proper modeling of human behavior is crucial when developing agent-based models to investigate the effects of policies, such as the potential consequences of interventions during a pandemic. It is, however, unclear, how sophisticated behavior models need to be for being considered suitable to support policy making. The goal of this paper is to identify recommendations on how human behavior should be modeled in Agent-Based Social Simulation (ABSS) as well as to investigate to what extent these recommendations are actually followed by models explicitly developed for policy making. By analyzing the literature, we identify seven relevant aspects of human behavior for consideration in ABSS. Based on these aspects, we review how human behavior is modeled in ABSS of COVID-19 interventions, in order to investigate the capabilities and limitations of these models to provide policy advice. We focus on models that were published within six months of the start of the pandemic as this is when policy makers needed the support provided by ABSS the most. It was found that most models did not include the majority of the identified relevant aspects, in particular norm compliance, agent deliberation, and interventions' affective effects on individuals. We argue that ABSS models need a higher level of descriptiveness than what is present in most of the studied early COVID-19 models to support policymaker decisions.

关键词： COVID-19

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