Public sector AI adoption is rapidly increasing as AI-based solutions are implemented in various domains. These solutions typically address existing problems within the public sector organizations' core missions a...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747
Public sector AI adoption is rapidly increasing as AI-based solutions are implemented in various domains. These solutions typically address existing problems within the public sector organizations' core missions and are generally seen as offering opportunities to increase operational quality and efficiency. This is for instance done through augmentation of decision-making processes and case handling activities. However, despite these aspirations, nascent research indicates that the anticipated outcomes often fail to materialize. The development and implementation of public sector AI-based solutions is laden with complex technological and legal challenges that often divert attention away from realizing actual business value. Drawing from formal and informal project documentation from a high-profile AI augmentation initiative at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (SIA), we identify five dimensions that illustrate how technological advancement may prosper at the cost of business value realization in public sector AI initiatives.
This paper deals with the structure of a musical piece. The score is modeled as an Abstract Syntactic Tree (AST) to account for the hierarchy of its elements. Formal definitions of harmony, texture and instrumentation...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606373;9783031606380
This paper deals with the structure of a musical piece. The score is modeled as an Abstract Syntactic Tree (AST) to account for the hierarchy of its elements. Formal definitions of harmony, texture and instrumentation are proposed and constitute the main components of the model. Concatenation and parallelization operators are then proposed to combine these components and organize them in a tree structure. This approach is illustrated on some examples.
Students from Digital humanities frequently face big challenges while they learn technically-based topics as text analysis due they never had practiced programming before. In this paper, we introduce an approach to fa...
ISBN:
(纸本)9789819742424;9789819742431
Students from Digital humanities frequently face big challenges while they learn technically-based topics as text analysis due they never had practiced programming before. In this paper, we introduce an approach to facilitate teachers to teach text analysis using R to Digital Humanists. The manuscript provides qualitative results from an exploratory research study that show students obtain good result following the approach guidelines.
Community building, an intricate design endeavor integrating place, people, and their interactions, involves the provision of diverse methods by designers to facilitate stakeholder co-creation. Despite this prevalent ...
ISBN:
(数字)9783031613562
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031613555;9783031613562
Community building, an intricate design endeavor integrating place, people, and their interactions, involves the provision of diverse methods by designers to facilitate stakeholder co-creation. Despite this prevalent practice, there needs to be more research on the appropriateness of design methods for community-building projects and assessing their efficacy. Following Hester's (1975) methods evaluation scale, this study orchestrated co-design workshops with target professional designers. The workshops systematically captured preferences and evaluations from designers with different backgrounds addressing the same community building issue. The study presented a descriptive account of the results, conducted through comparisons and reflective analyses, which elucidates that factors of accessibility, usability, flexibility, and communication form influence users' assessments of tools. This finding contributed a strategy for design methods evaluation, thereby establishing foundational principles for methods selection in the intricate realm of community building endeavors.
The Tonnetz is a graphical representation of consonant intervals and chords, together with their corresponding parsimonious transformations, which are the basis of neo-Riemannian theory. It has proved to be useful for...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606373;9783031606380
The Tonnetz is a graphical representation of consonant intervals and chords, together with their corresponding parsimonious transformations, which are the basis of neo-Riemannian theory. It has proved to be useful for analyzing some chromatic passages of nineteenth century, as well as for composition. Furthermore, it has led to several generalizations and variants, which have been applied to different musical styles. In most cases, it implements the ordinary 12-tone equal temperament or 12-TET, which has a finite number of notes and allows to transform it into a torus. However, regarding consonances, they are only exactly matched in just intonation, which has infinite notes. Therefore, other finite tuning systems were developed to better approximate it, among them 19-, 31-, and 53-TET, which in turn gave rise to related new instruments. In this paper, the Tonnetze and tori for these tuning systems are developed, which are intended to be helpful when using them.
This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of distance and immersive education's state of the art, specifically focusing on the metaverse in conjunction with ergonomics, design, educational environments,...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031613586;9783031613593
This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of distance and immersive education's state of the art, specifically focusing on the metaverse in conjunction with ergonomics, design, educational environments, virtual reality, and attention. Conducted as a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, the research targeted theoretical and methodological concepts, as well as methods and tools relevant to a thesis developed at the Federal University of Pernambuco. Searches were conducted across seven databases and additional sources, applying filters for peer-reviewed articles published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish in the last two decades (2003-2023). Exclusion criteria involved repeated works without focusing on key themes, research focusing on People with Disabilities (PwD), and studies exclusively addressing the metaverse. Sixteen keyword combinations were utilized, generating an initial pool of 6,161 papers. After a thorough screening, 45 studies were selected and classified into two groups. Group 1 focused on Metaverse and Virtual Reality in education. Group 2 highlighted Ergonomics in the Virtual Environment, and Metaverse applied to the social and educational context. However, the research identified a gap in scientific knowledge at the intersection ofMetaverse, Attention, and Educational Environment from the perspectives of Ergonomics and Design science Research.
The efficacy of large-scale language models (LLMs) as few-shot learners has dominated the field of natural language processing, achieving state-of-the-art performance in most tasks, including named entity recognition ...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031724367;9783031724374
The efficacy of large-scale language models (LLMs) as few-shot learners has dominated the field of natural language processing, achieving state-of-the-art performance in most tasks, including named entity recognition (NER) for contemporary texts. However, exploration of NER in historical collections (e.g., historical newspapers and classical commentaries) remains limited. This presents a greater challenge as historical texts are often noisy due to storage conditions, OCR extraction, and spelling variation. In this paper, we conduct an empirical evaluation comparing different Instruct variants of open-access and open-sourced LLMs using prompt engineering through deductive (with guidelines) and inductive (without guidelines) approaches against the fully supervised benchmarks. In addition, we study how the interaction between the Instruct model and the user impacts the entity prediction. We conduct reproducible experiments using an easy-to-implement mechanism on publicly available historical collections covering three languages (i.e., English, French, and German) with code-switching on Ancient Greek and four open Instruct models. The results show that Instruct models encounter multiple difficulties handling the noisy input documents, scoring lower than fine-tuned dedicated NER systems, yet the resulting predictions provide entities that can be used in further tagging processes by human annotators.
The availability and growth of tools and natural language generation (NLG) models that are used to paraphrase text could be helping to improve students' writing and comprehension skills or a threat to intellectual...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031630309;9783031630316
The availability and growth of tools and natural language generation (NLG) models that are used to paraphrase text could be helping to improve students' writing and comprehension skills or a threat to intellectual property and educational integrity specifically when the text has been copied from other authors. These tools can be used by plagiarists to paraphrase individual words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. To solve this issue, much work has been done on plagiarism detection (PD) and paraphrase identification (PI) utilising downstream tasks and natural language processing (NLP) methods. These works mainly focus on sentence length and sentence-level paraphrasing. In this paper, we investigate paragraph-length and paragraph-level paraphrasing as the most common method of committing plagiarism is copying and paraphrasing paragraphs from other authors. Here, we construct a novel, large-scale paragraph-level paraphrasing dataset by implementing and examining a state-of-the-art Transformer-based model to reorder and paraphrase sentences without affecting a paragraph's meaning. In a first-of-a-kind study, we consider both intra-sentence and inter-sentence similarity before examining the efficiency of state-of-the-art Transformer-based models in detecting paraphrased paragraphs. We offer a technique that serves as both a tool for honing paraphrasing skills and a means of identifying plagiarism. Our outcomes surpass those presented in the existing literature.
Tor, a peer-to-peer anonymous communication system, is one of the most effective tools in providing free and open communication online. Many of the attacks on Tor's anonymity occur when an adversary can intercept ...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031477539;9783031477546
Tor, a peer-to-peer anonymous communication system, is one of the most effective tools in providing free and open communication online. Many of the attacks on Tor's anonymity occur when an adversary can intercept a user's traffic;it is thus useful to limit how much of a user's traffic can enter potentially adversarial networks. Recent work has demonstrated that careful circuit creation can allow users to provably avoid geographic regions that a user expects to be adversarial. These prior systems leverage the fact that a user has complete control over the circuits they create. Unfortunately, that work does not apply to onion services (formerly known as "hidden services"), in which no one entity knows the full circuit between user and hidden service. In this work, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of DeTorOS, the first provable geographic avoidance system for onion services. We demonstrate how recent work to build and deploy programmable middleboxes onto the Tor network allows us to take existing techniques like these and deploy them in scenarios that were not possible before. DeTorOS is immediately deployable as it is built using programmable middleboxes, meaning it does not require either the Tor protocol or its source code to be modified. This work also raises a number of interesting questions about extensions of provable geographical routing to other scenarios and threat models, as well as reinforces how the notion of programmable middleboxes can allow for the deployment of both existing and new techniques in novel ways in anonymity networks.
The worldwide spread of the COVID-19 since 2020 has led to a surge in demand for remote conference interpreting. This emerging trend poses a number of risks and challenges for interpreters, conference organisers, inte...
ISBN:
(纸本)9789819742455;9789819742462
The worldwide spread of the COVID-19 since 2020 has led to a surge in demand for remote conference interpreting. This emerging trend poses a number of risks and challenges for interpreters, conference organisers, interpretation services, and equipment providers. Drawing upon the practical knowledge of conference interpreters who have engaged in remote simultaneous interpretation, the present article scrutinises seven types of potential risks and obstacles that remote interpreting poses to interpreters. From the interpreters' standpoint, the article also puts forth corresponding remedies and recommendations to facilitate their seamless transition to this novel working modality. The model can inspire interpreting practice and education of interpreter trainees in the post-pandemic world.
暂无评论