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The Superlinearity Problem in Post-quantum Blockchains 27th

The Superlinearity Problem in Post-quantum Blockchains

引用

27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC)

作者： Park, Sunoo Spooner, Nicholas Columbia Univ New York NY 10025 USA Univ Warwick Coventry W Midlands England

ISBN: (纸本)9783031477539;9783031477546

The proof of work mechanism by which many blockchain-based protocols achieve consensus may be undermined by the use of quantum computing in mining-even when all cryptographic primitives are replaced with post-quantum secure alternatives. First, we offer an impossibility result: we prove that quantum (Grover) speedups in solving a large, natural class of proof-of-work puzzles cause an inevitable incentive incompatibility in mining, by distorting the reward structure of mining in proof-of-work-based protocols such as Bitcoin. We refer to such distortion as the Superlinearity Problem. Our impossibility result suggests that for robust post-quantum proof-of-work-based consensus, we may need to look beyond standard cryptographic models. We thus propose a proof-of-work design in a random-beacon model, which is tailored to bypass the earlier impossibility. We conclude with a discussion of open problems, and of the challenges of integrating our new proof-of-work scheme into decentralised consensus protocols under realistic conditions.

关键词： Blockchain

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Technical Services in Research Libraries - The Backdoor Discussions of Collection Development 28th

Technical Services in Research Libraries - The Backdoor Disc...

引用

28th International Conference on Linking Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL)

作者： Tiemann, Juliane Univ Bergen Lib Haakon Sheteligs Plass 7 N-5007 Bergen Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9783031724398;9783031724404

This paper outlines challenges, considerations, informational needs, and technical assessments faced by developers of digital libraries representing cultural heritage collections. The University of Bergen Library's Special Collections encompass four collections with differing material types and ways for disseminating content. In the effort to present a collective whole, the library has initiated the development of a unified digital solution. Due to the different nature of the collections and the existing technological stack used by the developing team, such a project presents various challenges and a series of pre-development considerations, including metadata structuring and accommodating diverse user needs. Drawing on discussions and work meetings of involved parties, the paper showcases ongoing efforts to determine the optimal approach for this in-house development. By highlighting the tasks and activities behind the development of new digital libraries presented to the public, this paper explores the complexities such as balancing ambitions and constraints, aligning processes and strategies, making technological choices, and leveraging developer expertise.

关键词： Digital library data modeling cultural heritage collections

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Preparing Public Agencies for Harnessing AI: A Study on Variables Shaping Multi Actor Information Infrastructures 23rd

Preparing Public Agencies for Harnessing AI: A Study on Vari...

引用

23rd International Conference on Electronic Government (EGOV)

作者： van Donge, W. Janssen, M. F. W. H. A. Bharosa, N. Delft Univ Technol Delft Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747

While governments around the world are seeking to harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI), attaining high-quality information as input for training AI-models remains a major challenge. Policymakers looking to boost AI readiness in the public sector need high quality multi-actor Information infrastructures (MAIIs) to obtain high-quality information. It is unclear which fundamental decisions can be made to shape information-sharing infrastructures for governmental purposes, even though there is some literature on these infrastructures. The main goal of this paper is to identify key variables for shaping MAIIs. Drawing on literature, expert interviews and qualitative data analysis, this paper reveals multiple variables classified into three main categories: (1) information-sharing process, systems, and services, (2) information (format), and (3) governance structures. Findings indicate that considering these variables in an early stage is needed to maximise the benefits and limit the risk of failure in shaping an MAII.

关键词： Information Sharing infrastructures Multi Actor Information Infrastructure Public-private Collaboration Governmental Collaboration

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From Classical Rationality to Quantum Cognition 2nd

From Classical Rationality to Quantum Cognition

引用

2nd International Conference on Human and Artificial Rationalities (HAR)

作者： Uzan, Pierre Catholic Univ Paris CHArt Lab Habilitat Philosophy Sci Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9783031552441;9783031552458

This article highlights the difficulties of "classical" rationality, grounded on classical set-based logic and classical probability calculus, and explains how they can be overcome. Classical rationality may have gone some way towards realizing the age-old project of mechanizing thought, thus making possible the dazzling development of artificial intelligence we are witnessing. However, as shown from experimental data, it suffers from many biases that make it incapable of reliably modeling mental processes. This article shows that mental processes can be more reliably modelled within a generalized probability theory grounded on the vector-space formalism of quantum theory. The reason is that such a quantum-like approach to cognition is capable of accounting for the contextual, order and interference effects inherent to most of mental processes. An important consequence of this necessary shift, from classical to quantum cognition, is that Bayes' rule, which plays a fundamental role in categorization tasks, must be replaced by a generalized probabilistic rule capable of accounting for order effects. It is shown that implementing this new probabilistic rule could significantly improve the current deep learning algorithms of artificial emotional intelligence.

关键词： Classical rationality Quantum cognition Bayes' rule Emotional Artificial Intelligence

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The Needs, Wants, and Wishes of the Open Government Data Idea - The Emergence of a New Understanding 23rd

The Needs, Wants, and Wishes of the Open Government Data Ide...

引用

23rd International Conference on Electronic Government (EGOV)

作者： Crusoe, Jonathan Univ Boras Swedish Sch Lib & Informat Sci Fac Librarianship Informat Educ & IT S-50332 Boras Sweden Univ Gothenburg Dept Appl IT Swedish Ctr Digital Innovat S-40530 Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747

Open government data (OGD) is commonly referred to as public organizations sharing data for anyone to reuse. Previous research has spent considerable time on understanding the individuals, organizations, socio-technical systems, and resources;included are barriers, risks, and resistance. The validity of the underlying idea is often taken for granted, while in practice, actors follow myths, the rhetoric is paradoxical, and researchers request evidence for the benefits. This study has the purpose of interrogating the OGD idea by using the metaphors of needs, wants, and wishes. Based on an analytical framework, 18 public documents were identified and analysed from various contexts. It is identified that the idea needs (1) implemented principles to make data reusable, (2) data from others, and (3) for data to be needed when actors satisfy other needs;while it wishes (1) reuse of data realizes benefits and (2) public organizations possess large quantities of reusable data. This paper did not identify any wants of the OGD idea. The paper concludes that the OGD idea conflates its principles with data, attaching sought benefits to data for which it is deficient. Giving rise to a situation where the wrong means are related to the wrong ends. This situation is unsatisfactory, as such this paper proposes a new way to understand OGD.

关键词： Open Government Data Need Want Wish Metaphor New Understanding

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Research on the Teaching Model Design and Application of Corpus-Based Curriculum Group in Micro-translation Major 8th

Research on the Teaching Model Design and Application of Cor...

引用

8th International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Education (SETE)

作者： Han, Caihong Tongji Univ Sch Foreign Languages Shanghai Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Sci & Technol Zhengzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819742424;9789819742431

Based on the practice of translation teaching in private colleges and universities, this research summarizes the research on corpus translation and translation research conducted by domestic and foreign scholars, and combines the application-oriented translation of private colleges and universities with the orientation of training goals, curriculum group design, teaching content selection, and implementation path planning so as to propose a new corpus-based micro-course teaching model. The results of teaching practice show that the new teaching mode is helpful to optimize the professional development teaching ecological environment of student translators, improve their English-Chinese bilingual expression level, diversify their learning methods, and significantly improve their sustainable and autonomous learning ability. In view of this, translation teaching in the construction of micro-translation major should further enrich corpus teaching resources and dynamically track students' use of corpus;translation teachers need to continuously improve corpus use technology, improve interdisciplinary ability, and adapt to the teaching reform of micro-translation major under the new situation needs.

关键词： Corpus translating curriculum group micro-translation major

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Understanding Polkadot Through Graph Analysis: Transaction Model, Network Properties, and Insights 27th

Understanding Polkadot Through Graph Analysis: Transaction M...

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27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC)

作者： Abbas, Hanaa Caprolu, Maurantonio Di Pietro, Roberto Hamad Bin Khalifa Univ HBKU Coll Sci & Engn CSE Div Informat & Comp Technol ICT Doha Qatar King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol KAUST CEMSE Div RC3 Ctr Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031477508;9783031477515

In recent years, considerable efforts have been directed toward investigating the large amount of public transaction data in prominent cryptocurrencies. Nevertheless, aside from Bitcoin and Ethereum, little efforts have been made to investigate other cryptocurrencies, even though the market now comprises thousands, with more than 50 exceeding one billion dollars of capitalization, and some of them sporting innovative technical solutions and governance. This is the case for Polkadot, a relatively new blockchain that promises to solve the shortcomings in scalability and interoperability that encumber many existing blockchain-based systems. In particular, Polkadot relies on a novel multi-chain construction that promises to enable interoperability among heterogeneous blockchains. This paper presents the first study to formally model and investigate user transactions in the Polkadot network. Our contributions are multifolds: After defining proper and pseudo-spam transactions, we built the transaction graph based on data collected from the launch of the network, in May 2020, until July 2022. The dataset consists of roughly 11 million blocks, including 2 million user accounts and 7.6 million transactions. We applied a selected set of graph metrics, such as degree distribution, strongly/weakly connected components, density, and several centrality measures, to the collected data. In addition, we also investigated a few interesting idiosyncratic indicators, such as the accounts' balance over time and improper transactions. Our results shed light on the topology of the network, which resembles a heavy-tailed power-law distribution, demonstrate that Polkadot is affected by the rich get richer conundrum, and provide other insights into the financial ecosystem of the network. The approach, methodology, and metrics proposed in this work, while being applied to Polkadot, can also be applied to other cryptocurrencies, hence having a high potential impact and the possibility to furth

关键词： Polkadot Cryptocurrency Multi-chain Blockchain Decentralization DeFi Graph Analysis Network science

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Proposal on the Application Design Method of Aging-Friendly Smart Home System Based on User Experience Under Health Needs

Proposal on the Application Design Method of Aging-Friendly ...

引用

Conference on Human Interface and the Management of Information Thematic Area (HIMI) Held as Part of the 26th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Zhang, Jiaqi Kasamatsu, Keiko Ainoya, Takeo Tokyo Metropolitan Univ 6-6 Asahigaoka Hino Tokyo Japan Tokyo Univ Technol 5 Chome 23-22 Nishikamata Ota Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031601064;9783031601071

Smart home systems provide a lot of convenience for contemporary people's daily lives, and the popularity of smart homes is increasing yearly. However, the experience design of existing smart home systems for elderly users is still deficient, and the current age-friendly smart home systems lack user experience design guidelines for application design. Therefore, this study conducted an in-depth investigation of existing application design application roaches by investigating the overview of theories related to smart home systems and user experience elements, an in-depth study of the five-layer model of user experience elements, as well as combining the systematic application characteristics of smart home applications, and collecting user needs through user interviews, and dividing the needs of elderly users from strategic to performance layers through the user experience elements model. Finally, a competitor analysis was conducted to understand the problems that users have with similar products and to help establish the strategic positioning of the product. The study will provide new user experience design guidelines from different perspectives of application design. The study will improve the developers' design efficiency and further enhance the users' experience, thus creating a comfortable, safe, and free smart home life mode for the elderly.

关键词： User Experience Aging-Friendly Health Needs

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Integrating ChatGPT into the ELEVATE-XR Adaptive Instructional Framework 6th

Integrating ChatGPT into the ELEVATE-XR Adaptive Instruction...

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6th International Conference on Adaptive Instructional Systems (AIS) Held as Part of the 26th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： McDermott, Ashley F. Stager, Sarah J. Hilltown Engn Chesterfield MA 01012 USA Penn State Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol University Pk PA 16801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031606083;9783031606090

With the fast and radical transformation of how both students and instructors can access information brought on by the development of generative AI, it is critical to develop best practices around how generative AI is used to support instruction and learning rather than being a detriment. In this paper, we examine how generative AI could be integrated into the Exercisable Learning-theory and EVidence-based Andragogy for Training Effectiveness (ELEVATE) framework developed by Stanney, Skinner, and Hughes [1] to inform adaptive approaches to instruction. Originally developed for designing eXtended Reality (XR) training experiences, the ELEVATE framework incorporates learning theories from behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism into a cohesive framework based on the Dreyfus and Dreyfus [2] skill acquisition model and Bloom's Revised Taxonomy [3]. The ELEVATE framework offers guidance for developing appropriate expectations and forms of instruction for students at 5 proficiency levels: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert. The ELEVATE framework identifies language for appropriate learning objectives and types of learning activities that would be appropriate for students of different proficiency levels.

关键词： Generative AI adaptive learning adaptive instruction

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Sustainable eParticipation Through Lightweight Democracy? 1

引用

16th International Conference on Electronic Participation (ePart)

作者： Johannessen, Marius Rohde Edelmann, Noella Berntzen, Lasse Univ South Eastern Norway Sch Business Borre Norway Univ Continuing Educ Krems Krems An Der Donau Austria

ISBN: (数字)9783031708046

ISBN: (纸本)9783031708039;9783031708046

Sustainable eParticipation is defined as participation projects that last and become part of the democratic process. Many eParticipation projects fail in this regard. The eParticipation literature presents many studies and test, but few report on the aspects that can make tools and initiatives sustainable over time. The past decade's rise of populist rhetoric and populist parties in the west shows the urgency of finding good answers to the question of sustainability in eParticipation. In this paper, we argue that lightweight eParticipation initiatives, with low demands on time and effort from citizens, can contribute to sustainable eParticipation. We test this assumption through an evaluation of a Norwegian eParticipation system for low-threshold rapid feedback. Our findings indicate that while the system showed promise and was well received, there were still issues with sustainability, especially related to strategy and financing.

关键词： eParticipation implementation survey pilot study sustainable participation evaluation

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