The proof of work mechanism by which many blockchain-based protocols achieve consensus may be undermined by the use of quantum computing in mining-even when all cryptographic primitives are replaced with post-quantum ...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031477539;9783031477546
The proof of work mechanism by which many blockchain-based protocols achieve consensus may be undermined by the use of quantum computing in mining-even when all cryptographic primitives are replaced with post-quantum secure alternatives. First, we offer an impossibility result: we prove that quantum (Grover) speedups in solving a large, natural class of proof-of-work puzzles cause an inevitable incentive incompatibility in mining, by distorting the reward structure of mining in proof-of-work-based protocols such as Bitcoin. We refer to such distortion as the Superlinearity Problem. Our impossibility result suggests that for robust post-quantum proof-of-work-based consensus, we may need to look beyond standard cryptographic models. We thus propose a proof-of-work design in a random-beacon model, which is tailored to bypass the earlier impossibility. We conclude with a discussion of open problems, and of the challenges of integrating our new proof-of-work scheme into decentralised consensus protocols under realistic conditions.
This paper outlines challenges, considerations, informational needs, and technical assessments faced by developers of digital libraries representing cultural heritage collections. The University of Bergen Library'...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031724398;9783031724404
This paper outlines challenges, considerations, informational needs, and technical assessments faced by developers of digital libraries representing cultural heritage collections. The University of Bergen Library's Special Collections encompass four collections with differing material types and ways for disseminating content. In the effort to present a collective whole, the library has initiated the development of a unified digital solution. Due to the different nature of the collections and the existing technological stack used by the developing team, such a project presents various challenges and a series of pre-development considerations, including metadata structuring and accommodating diverse user needs. Drawing on discussions and work meetings of involved parties, the paper showcases ongoing efforts to determine the optimal approach for this in-house development. By highlighting the tasks and activities behind the development of new digital libraries presented to the public, this paper explores the complexities such as balancing ambitions and constraints, aligning processes and strategies, making technological choices, and leveraging developer expertise.
While governments around the world are seeking to harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI), attaining high-quality information as input for training AI-models remains a major challenge. Policymakers looking t...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747
While governments around the world are seeking to harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI), attaining high-quality information as input for training AI-models remains a major challenge. Policymakers looking to boost AI readiness in the public sector need high quality multi-actor Information infrastructures (MAIIs) to obtain high-quality information. It is unclear which fundamental decisions can be made to shape information-sharing infrastructures for governmental purposes, even though there is some literature on these infrastructures. The main goal of this paper is to identify key variables for shaping MAIIs. Drawing on literature, expert interviews and qualitative data analysis, this paper reveals multiple variables classified into three main categories: (1) information-sharing process, systems, and services, (2) information (format), and (3) governance structures. Findings indicate that considering these variables in an early stage is needed to maximise the benefits and limit the risk of failure in shaping an MAII.
This article highlights the difficulties of "classical" rationality, grounded on classical set-based logic and classical probability calculus, and explains how they can be overcome. Classical rationality may...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031552441;9783031552458
This article highlights the difficulties of "classical" rationality, grounded on classical set-based logic and classical probability calculus, and explains how they can be overcome. Classical rationality may have gone some way towards realizing the age-old project of mechanizing thought, thus making possible the dazzling development of artificial intelligence we are witnessing. However, as shown from experimental data, it suffers from many biases that make it incapable of reliably modeling mental processes. This article shows that mental processes can be more reliably modelled within a generalized probability theory grounded on the vector-space formalism of quantum theory. The reason is that such a quantum-like approach to cognition is capable of accounting for the contextual, order and interference effects inherent to most of mental processes. An important consequence of this necessary shift, from classical to quantum cognition, is that Bayes' rule, which plays a fundamental role in categorization tasks, must be replaced by a generalized probabilistic rule capable of accounting for order effects. It is shown that implementing this new probabilistic rule could significantly improve the current deep learning algorithms of artificial emotional intelligence.
作者:
Crusoe, JonathanUniv Boras
Swedish Sch Lib & Informat Sci Fac Librarianship Informat Educ & IT S-50332 Boras Sweden Univ Gothenburg
Dept Appl IT Swedish Ctr Digital Innovat S-40530 Gothenburg Sweden
Open government data (OGD) is commonly referred to as public organizations sharing data for anyone to reuse. Previous research has spent considerable time on understanding the individuals, organizations, socio-technic...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747
Open government data (OGD) is commonly referred to as public organizations sharing data for anyone to reuse. Previous research has spent considerable time on understanding the individuals, organizations, socio-technical systems, and resources;included are barriers, risks, and resistance. The validity of the underlying idea is often taken for granted, while in practice, actors follow myths, the rhetoric is paradoxical, and researchers request evidence for the benefits. This study has the purpose of interrogating the OGD idea by using the metaphors of needs, wants, and wishes. Based on an analytical framework, 18 public documents were identified and analysed from various contexts. It is identified that the idea needs (1) implemented principles to make data reusable, (2) data from others, and (3) for data to be needed when actors satisfy other needs;while it wishes (1) reuse of data realizes benefits and (2) public organizations possess large quantities of reusable data. This paper did not identify any wants of the OGD idea. The paper concludes that the OGD idea conflates its principles with data, attaching sought benefits to data for which it is deficient. Giving rise to a situation where the wrong means are related to the wrong ends. This situation is unsatisfactory, as such this paper proposes a new way to understand OGD.
Based on the practice of translation teaching in private colleges and universities, this research summarizes the research on corpus translation and translation research conducted by domestic and foreign scholars, and ...
ISBN:
(纸本)9789819742424;9789819742431
Based on the practice of translation teaching in private colleges and universities, this research summarizes the research on corpus translation and translation research conducted by domestic and foreign scholars, and combines the application-oriented translation of private colleges and universities with the orientation of training goals, curriculum group design, teaching content selection, and implementation path planning so as to propose a new corpus-based micro-course teaching model. The results of teaching practice show that the new teaching mode is helpful to optimize the professional development teaching ecological environment of student translators, improve their English-Chinese bilingual expression level, diversify their learning methods, and significantly improve their sustainable and autonomous learning ability. In view of this, translation teaching in the construction of micro-translation major should further enrich corpus teaching resources and dynamically track students' use of corpus;translation teachers need to continuously improve corpus use technology, improve interdisciplinary ability, and adapt to the teaching reform of micro-translation major under the new situation needs.
In recent years, considerable efforts have been directed toward investigating the large amount of public transaction data in prominent cryptocurrencies. Nevertheless, aside from Bitcoin and Ethereum, little efforts ha...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031477508;9783031477515
In recent years, considerable efforts have been directed toward investigating the large amount of public transaction data in prominent cryptocurrencies. Nevertheless, aside from Bitcoin and Ethereum, little efforts have been made to investigate other cryptocurrencies, even though the market now comprises thousands, with more than 50 exceeding one billion dollars of capitalization, and some of them sporting innovative technical solutions and governance. This is the case for Polkadot, a relatively new blockchain that promises to solve the shortcomings in scalability and interoperability that encumber many existing blockchain-based systems. In particular, Polkadot relies on a novel multi-chain construction that promises to enable interoperability among heterogeneous blockchains. This paper presents the first study to formally model and investigate user transactions in the Polkadot network. Our contributions are multifolds: After defining proper and pseudo-spam transactions, we built the transaction graph based on data collected from the launch of the network, in May 2020, until July 2022. The dataset consists of roughly 11 million blocks, including 2 million user accounts and 7.6 million transactions. We applied a selected set of graph metrics, such as degree distribution, strongly/weakly connected components, density, and several centrality measures, to the collected data. In addition, we also investigated a few interesting idiosyncratic indicators, such as the accounts' balance over time and improper transactions. Our results shed light on the topology of the network, which resembles a heavy-tailed power-law distribution, demonstrate that Polkadot is affected by the rich get richer conundrum, and provide other insights into the financial ecosystem of the network. The approach, methodology, and metrics proposed in this work, while being applied to Polkadot, can also be applied to other cryptocurrencies, hence having a high potential impact and the possibility to furth
Smart home systems provide a lot of convenience for contemporary people's daily lives, and the popularity of smart homes is increasing yearly. However, the experience design of existing smart home systems for elde...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031601064;9783031601071
Smart home systems provide a lot of convenience for contemporary people's daily lives, and the popularity of smart homes is increasing yearly. However, the experience design of existing smart home systems for elderly users is still deficient, and the current age-friendly smart home systems lack user experience design guidelines for application design. Therefore, this study conducted an in-depth investigation of existing application design application roaches by investigating the overview of theories related to smart home systems and user experience elements, an in-depth study of the five-layer model of user experience elements, as well as combining the systematic application characteristics of smart home applications, and collecting user needs through user interviews, and dividing the needs of elderly users from strategic to performance layers through the user experience elements model. Finally, a competitor analysis was conducted to understand the problems that users have with similar products and to help establish the strategic positioning of the product. The study will provide new user experience design guidelines from different perspectives of application design. The study will improve the developers' design efficiency and further enhance the users' experience, thus creating a comfortable, safe, and free smart home life mode for the elderly.
With the fast and radical transformation of how both students and instructors can access information brought on by the development of generative AI, it is critical to develop best practices around how generative AI is...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606083;9783031606090
With the fast and radical transformation of how both students and instructors can access information brought on by the development of generative AI, it is critical to develop best practices around how generative AI is used to support instruction and learning rather than being a detriment. In this paper, we examine how generative AI could be integrated into the Exercisable Learning-theory and EVidence-based Andragogy for Training Effectiveness (ELEVATE) framework developed by Stanney, Skinner, and Hughes [1] to inform adaptive approaches to instruction. Originally developed for designing eXtended Reality (XR) training experiences, the ELEVATE framework incorporates learning theories from behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism into a cohesive framework based on the Dreyfus and Dreyfus [2] skill acquisition model and Bloom's Revised Taxonomy [3]. The ELEVATE framework offers guidance for developing appropriate expectations and forms of instruction for students at 5 proficiency levels: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert. The ELEVATE framework identifies language for appropriate learning objectives and types of learning activities that would be appropriate for students of different proficiency levels.
Sustainable eParticipation is defined as participation projects that last and become part of the democratic process. Many eParticipation projects fail in this regard. The eParticipation literature presents many studie...
ISBN:
(数字)9783031708046
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031708039;9783031708046
Sustainable eParticipation is defined as participation projects that last and become part of the democratic process. Many eParticipation projects fail in this regard. The eParticipation literature presents many studies and test, but few report on the aspects that can make tools and initiatives sustainable over time. The past decade's rise of populist rhetoric and populist parties in the west shows the urgency of finding good answers to the question of sustainability in eParticipation. In this paper, we argue that lightweight eParticipation initiatives, with low demands on time and effort from citizens, can contribute to sustainable eParticipation. We test this assumption through an evaluation of a Norwegian eParticipation system for low-threshold rapid feedback. Our findings indicate that while the system showed promise and was well received, there were still issues with sustainability, especially related to strategy and financing.
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