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检索条件"丛书名=Lecture notes in computer science,"

共 300228 条记录，以下是41-50 订阅

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Two-Stage Stance Labeling: User-Hashtag Heuristics with Graph Neural Networks 16th

Two-Stage Stance Labeling: User-Hashtag Heuristics with Grap...

引用

16th International Conference on Social Networks Analysis and Mining

作者： Melton, Joshua Reid, Shannon Terejanu, Gabriel Krishnan, Siddharth Univ North Carolina Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031785474;9783031785481

The high volume and rapid evolution of content on social media present major challenges for studying the stance of social media users. In this work, we develop a two stage stance labeling method that utilizes the user-hashtag bipartite graph and the user-user interaction graph. In the first stage, a simple and efficient heuristic for stance labeling uses the user-hashtag bipartite graph to iteratively update the stance association of user and hashtag nodes via a label propagation mechanism. This set of soft labels is then integrated with the user-user interaction graph to train a graph neural network (GNN) model using semi-supervised learning. We evaluate this method on two large-scale datasets containing tweets related to climate change from June 2021 to June 2022 and gun control from January 2022 to January 2023. Our experiments demonstrate that enriching text-based embeddings of users with network information from the user interaction graph using our semi-supervised GNN method outperforms both classifiers trained on user textual embeddings and zero-shot classification using LLMs such as GPT4. We discuss the need for integrating nuanced understanding from social science with the scalability of computational methods to better understand how polarization on social media occurs for divisive issues such as climate change and gun control.

关键词： graph neural networks polarization social network analysis stance labeling

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Where's the Finance?: A Transmedia Storytelling Experience to Engage Young Adults in Financial Educational Content 17th

Where's the Finance?: A Transmedia Storytelling Experience t...

引用

17th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling

作者： Freitas, Constanca Santos, Ana Bala, Paulo Campos, Pedro F. Dionisio, Mara Univ Madeira Funchal Portugal ITI LARSyS Funchal Portugal Wow Systems Funchal Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031784491;9783031784507

Financial literacy is an essential life skill that deeply impacts individuals' personal and economic well-being;it includes understanding concepts essential for navigating the complexities of finance like budgeting, savings, investment, and debt. However, traditional financial education methods often struggle to engage learners effectively. This work discusses how entertainment education approaches, in particular, Transmedia Storytelling (TS), can be used to deliver financial literacy content. In this work, we want to examine the use of two common media in the TS field (web game and board game), to understand its barriers and benefits: a) "Financial Frenzy" emphasizes a team experience composed of a board game that leverages the collaborative nature of gameplay to foster learning and teamwork among the participants;b) "Where's the Finance?" relies on an individual educational experience composed of a puzzle game encouraging exploration and discovery. We conducted a pilot study of the two media, and results showed different potentials for the two concepts;therefore, we unified both concepts and present a redesign of the TS experience to continue studying the potential of transmedia to deliver financial educational content.

关键词： Financial Literacy Young Adults Entertainment Education Transmedia Storytelling Board Game

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Optimal Publishing Strategies on a Base Layer 28th

Optimal Publishing Strategies on a Base Layer

引用

28th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security

作者： Bar-On, Yogev Mansour, Yishay Tel Aviv Univ Tel Aviv Israel Google Res Tel Aviv Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9783031786754;9783031786761

A growing number of products use layer 2 solutions to expand the capabilities of primary blockchains like Ethereum, where computation is off-loaded from the root chain, and the results are published to it in bulk. Those include optimistic and zero-knowledge rollups, information oracles, and app-specific chains. This work presents an analysis of layer 2 blockchain strategies determining the optimal times for publishing transactions on the root chain. There is a trade-off between waiting for a better layer 1 gas price and the urgency to finalize layer 2 transactions. We present a model for the problem that captures this trade-off, generalizing previous works, and we analyze the properties of optimal publishing strategies. We show that such optimal strategies hold a computable simple form for a large class of cost functions.

关键词： Blockchain Layer 2 Rollup Online Algorithms

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PUREmotion: Understanding the Impact of Highway Construction on People's Wellbeing 16th

PUREmotion: Understanding the Impact of Highway Construction...

引用

16th International Conference on Social Networks Analysis and Mining

作者： Hammad, Omar Hollo, Aniya Khalili Clements, Nicholas Miller, Shelly Mishra, Shivakant Sullivan, Esther King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia Univ Colorado Boulder CO USA Univ Colorado Denver CO USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031785474;9783031785481

Planned disruptions such as highway construction typically have negative impact on the health & wellbeing of people living in the surrounding communities due to increased air and noise pollution as well as inconveniences such road closures. Further, these communities typically tend to have low socio-economic status with high unemployment rate and limited resources (Environmental Justice Communities). The goal of this paper is to understand this impact via a smartphone app called PUREmotion providing ecological momentary assessment. We describe the deployment of PUREmotion in a four-month study with people living in the vicinity of a major construction project (C70 project) in North Denver, Colorado. The PUREmotion app is built based on the results of several focus groups and three rounds of usability study with people from these communities. We deployed the PUREmotion app over two time periods of six weeks each with about 100 community participants in each time period. In this paper, we report on our experience of these deployments and provide a detailed analysis of the data we collected to assess the impact of construction on health and wellbeing of the people. Our findings show that living near such construction projects has a direct (negative) impact on people's wellbeing due to air pollution, bad odor, increased noise, and disruptions in daily commutes.

关键词： Sociotechnical Systems Wellbeing Environmental Justice

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Dissecting the EIP-2930 Optional Access Lists 28th

Dissecting the EIP-2930 Optional Access Lists

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28th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security

作者： Heimbach, Lioba Kniep, Quentin Vonlanthen, Yann Wattenhofer, Roger Zust, Patrick Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031786754;9783031786761

Ethereum introduced Transaction Access Lists (TALs) in 2020 to optimize gas costs during transaction execution. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of TALs in Ethereum, focusing on adoption, quality, and gas savings. Analyzing a full month of mainnet data with 31,954,474 transactions, we found that only 1.46% of transactions included a TAL, even though 42.6% of transactions would have benefited from it. On average, access lists can save around 0.29% of gas costs, equivalent to approximately 3,450 ETH (roughly US$ 5 Mio) per year. However, 19.6% of TALs included by transactions contained imperfections, causing almost 11.8% of transactions to pay more gas with TAL than without. We find that these inaccuracies are caused by the unknown state at the time of the TAL computation as well as imperfect TAL computations provided by all major Ethereum clients. We thus compare the gas savings when calculating the TAL at the beginning of the block vs. calculating it on the correct state, to find that the unknown state is a major source of TAL inaccuracies. Finally, we implement an ideal TAL computation for the Erigon client to highlight the cost of these flawed implementations.

关键词： blockchain Ethereum gas transaction access list

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Blockchain Price vs Quantity Controls 28th

Blockchain Price vs Quantity Controls

引用

28th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security

作者： Ndiaye, Abdoulaye New York Univ New York NY 10012 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031786754;9783031786761

This paper investigates the optimal transaction fee mechanisms for blockchain systems, focusing on the distinction between price-based (P) and quantity-based (Q) controls. By analyzing factors such as demand uncertainty, validator costs, cryptocurrency price fluctuations, price elasticity of demand, and levels of decentralization, we establish criteria that determine the selection of transaction fee mechanisms. We present a model framed around a Nash bargaining game, exploring how blockchain designers and validators negotiate fee structures to balance network welfare with profitability. Our findings suggest that the choice between P and Q mechanisms depends critically on the blockchain's specific technical and economic features. The study concludes that no single mechanism suits all contexts and highlights the potential for hybrid approaches that adaptively combine features of both P and Q to meet varying demands and market conditions.

关键词： blockchain transaction fees EIP-1559 EIP-4844 price elasticity decentralization validator costs demand uncertainty cryptocurrency volatility

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Unravelling the Educational Power of Interactive Digital Narratives in Childhood Learning 17th

Unravelling the Educational Power of Interactive Digital Nar...

引用

17th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling

作者： Pinheiro, Margarida Nunes da Conceicao Duarte Ciancia, Mariana Politecn Milan Sch Design Milan Italy Politecn Milan Dept Design Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031784521;9783031784538

Interactive Digital Narratives (IDN) hold great potential in enhancing children's learning experiences, being proved to offer numerous positive outcomes such as increased engagement and interest in specific subjects, helping to build social bonds, developing empathy and improving their technological skills. Over the years, there has been progress in creating IDNs that target children as users for entertainment and learning purposes. However, there is still a need for empirical studies on the use of pedagogical IDNs for children, as it is still a field in development that has yet to be fully established or implemented in the educational realm. This work explores how interactive digital narratives can enhance the educational experience for children and achieve educational objectives. While the first part of the paper addresses the pedagogical potential of IDNs, in the second part, a qualitative user study was conducted with 12 children from Portugal, where six children interacted with an IDN about global warming and six viewed a presentation on the same topic. Based on the user tests, a framework describing the key features to ensure pedagogical value in IDNs for childhood learning is proposed.

关键词： Interactive Digital Narrative for Change IDN Design Childhood Education Pedagogy

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From Guesswork to Game Plan: Exploring Problem-Solving-Strategies in a Machine Learning Game 17th

From Guesswork to Game Plan: Exploring Problem-Solving-Strat...

引用

17th International Conference on Informatics in Schools: Situation, Evolution and Perspectives-ISSEP

作者： Witt, Clemens Leonhardt, Thiemo Marx, Erik Bergner, Nadine TUD Dresden Univ Technol Dresden Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Aachen Germany Ctr Scalable Data Analyt & Artificial Intelligenc Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031734731;9783031734748

Problem-solving strategies have been investigated in various informatics education contexts. However, no substantial research has yet been conducted on the problem-solving behavior of students in the field of Machine Learning (ML). This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the self-directed problem-solving processes employed by students in grades 8 to 10 (n = 93) when developing decision trees as classification models. A digital multi-touch puzzle game and a custom-developed toolchain were utilized to visually capture and subsequently analyze students' gameplay behaviors using quantitative content analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that learners within the examined age group predominantly employ exploratory problem-solving strategies in the self-directed construction of decision trees. In contrast, structured approaches are employed much less frequently and demonstrate lower persistence, yet they are significantly more correlated with successful game completion. These findings underscore the necessity of developing learning environments that promote the application and facilitate the persistence of structured problem-solving strategies, enabling learners to engage with the functioning and development of decision trees in a systematic and purposeful manner.

关键词： Problem-Solving Strategies Machine Learning ML Decision Trees K-12 Education Artificial Intelligence AI

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Efficient Agreement Over Byzantine Gossip 28th

Efficient Agreement Over Byzantine Gossip

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28th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security

作者： Cohen, Ran Loss, Julian Moran, Tal Reichman Univ Herzliyya Israel CISPA Helmholtz Ctr Informat Secur Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031786754;9783031786761

Byzantine agreement (BA) asks for a set of parties to reach agreement in an adversarial setting. A central question is how to construct efficient BA protocols that scale well with the number of parties. In particular, the communication complexity is a critical barrier for large-scale implementations. State-of-the-art, scalable BA protocols typically work by sampling a small, unpredictable committee of parties that will send messages in each round. These messages must reach all honest parties, to allow the next round's committee to function. In practice, this is usually accomplished by propagating messages over a gossip network, implemented over a partial communication graph. Most formulations of gossip networks have an ideal guarantee that every message delivered to any honest party will be delivered to every other honest party. Unfortunately, realizing this guarantee necessarily makes the protocol vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks, since an adversary can flood the network with many messages that the protocol must deliver to all parties. In this paper, we make several contributions towards realizing the goal of efficient, scalable byzantine agreement over a gossip network: 1. We define "gossip with abort," a relaxed gossip model that can be efficiently realized with minor modifications to existing gossip protocols, yet allows for significant savings in communication compared to the full point-to-point model. 2. Our protocols work in a graded PKI model, in which honest parties only have partial agreement about the set of participants in the protocol. This model arises naturally in settings without trusted setup, such as the "permissionless" setting underlying many blockchain protocols. 3. We construct a new, player-replaceable BA protocol in the graded PKI model. The concrete communication complexity of our protocol, for typical parameter values, is more than 25 times better than the current state-of-the-art BA protocols in the honest-majority setting.

关键词： Denial-of-service attack

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Programming Tasks in the Bebras Challenge: Are They a Good Idea in Terms of the Contestants' Workload? 17th

Programming Tasks in the Bebras Challenge: Are They a Good I...

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17th International Conference on Informatics in Schools: Situation, Evolution and Perspectives-ISSEP

作者： Simandl, Vaclav Dobias, Vaclav Vanicek, Jiri Univ South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9783031734731;9783031734748

In the Czech version of the Bebras Challenge, programming tasks in which a programming code is built from blocks are used alongside traditional contest tasks. This paper deals with the comparison of these programming tasks with other informatics tasks in terms of theworkload of their solvers. Programming tasks can strongly attract the contestants' attention. The aim of the paper is to find out to what extent pupils pay attention to programming tasks at the expense of other tasks and how this differs for successful and unsuccessful contestants. We prepared national round tests in which there were typically two programming tasks and ten other tasks in each age category. We conducted quantitative research with a total of 184,949 respondents from the 2023 contest. We discovered that pupils spend more time on programming tasks than on the other tasks. When designing tests that include programming tasks, it is necessary to take this into account, and thus either limit the number of tasks, increase the test time, or include less challenging tasks. Our research on programming tasks revealed that, for most age categories, successful pupils ran different versions of their solution fewer times than unsuccessful ones. We also discovered that successful solvers spent more time on the task than unsuccessful solvers. The youngest pupils were the outliers in these findings. Our paper contributes to the understanding of the extent to which it is a good idea to include programming tasks in informatics contests like the Bebras Challenge.

关键词： Computational thinking Algorithmization Block programming Bebras Challenge Workload of pupils Time consumption

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