This study evaluates a mathematics mastery learning platform used by over half a million U.S. students in grades 3-8. This platform was examined in prior research via a between-group cross-sectional design on data fro...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031723148;9783031723155
This study evaluates a mathematics mastery learning platform used by over half a million U.S. students in grades 3-8. This platform was examined in prior research via a between-group cross-sectional design on data from a single school year, which found a positive relationship between time spent on the platform and standardized math test scores. Although the authors included statistical controls for prior knowledge, the influence of potential unobserved confounding and self-selection artifacts could not be ruled out. In the present study, we improve on this past work with a robust longitudinal analysis that makes use of multi-year panel data. By examining the changes in individual students' platform usage and standardized test scores across years, we were able to treat each student as their own control, thereby eliminating confounding from time-invariant student factors (e.g., general ability, motivation). We also examined possible treatment interactions across demographic groups. Using this approach, we replicated the previous findings and found positive treatment effects that did not vary across demographic subgroups - suggesting that all students benefited equally, regardless of racial background. These results are a substantial improvement over earlier research, and further demonstrate the promise of technology enhanced, mastery based learning to enhance outcomes for all students. A limitation of this approach is that we cannot rule out time-varying confounds, such as hiring a tutor or a change to school policy. We discuss additional limitations of these findings and potential avenues for obtaining greater specificity in the measurement of platform efficacy.
This paper delves into the complex landscape of digital government (or e-Government) research, exploring the concept of public value. Drawing from extensive literature from public administration, particularly the work...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031702730;9783031702747
This paper delves into the complex landscape of digital government (or e-Government) research, exploring the concept of public value. Drawing from extensive literature from public administration, particularly the works of Moore, Beck Jorgensen and Bozeman, and Rose et al., the study investigates the relationship between public value ideals, using structural equation modelling (SEM). Utilizing data from both citizens and public servants in a Swedish municipality, two models are constructed, reflecting the multifaceted nature of public values in practice. The findings highlight a disconnect between the perceived values of citizens and of public servants. While citizens prioritize efficiency and service as values to be created, public servants emphasize internal values of support for the public organization, referred to as an "institutional approach". This study contributes to the ongoing debate on public value(s) in digital government by illustrating the importance of contextual viewpoints and question the role of service provision in relation to public values. It emphasizes the need to balance generative and institutional perspectives and advocates for further research to explore the shift from "serving" to "service" in the public sector ecosystem. Through these insights, this research is intended to inform more effective strategies for digital government and public sector management in contemporary societies.
Blockchain-based payment systems utilize an append-only log of transactions whose correctness can be verified by any observer. Classically, verification costs grow linearly in either the number of transactions or bloc...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031477508;9783031477515
Blockchain-based payment systems utilize an append-only log of transactions whose correctness can be verified by any observer. Classically, verification costs grow linearly in either the number of transactions or blocks in the blockchain (often both). Incrementally Verifiable Computation (IVC) can be used to enable constant-time verification, but generating the necessary proofs is expensive. We introduce the notion of Proof of Necessary Work (PoNW), in which proof generation is an integral part of the proof-of-work used in Nakamoto consensus, producing proofs using energy that would otherwise be wasted. We implement and benchmark a prototype of our system, enabling stateless clients to verify the entire blockchain history in about 40 milliseconds.
In contemporary public administration, mid-level managers play a key role in shaping if and how digital technology is used on every-day basis. But knowledge of the competencies of mid-level managers who increasingly n...
ISBN:
(数字)9783031708046
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031708039;9783031708046
In contemporary public administration, mid-level managers play a key role in shaping if and how digital technology is used on every-day basis. But knowledge of the competencies of mid-level managers who increasingly need to manage use of digital technology is rather limited. Seeking to rectify the lack of knowledge, we distil relevant mid-level managerial competencies within thinking on bureaucracies, digital transformation and "digital skills", and combine this with a multiple case-study of Danish administrative bodies' use of automated decision-making. Drawing on an understanding of competences as a combination of work-related knowledge, skills and aptitudes held by individuals, we tentatively identify five key competencies for mid-level managers in relation to public administrative bodies' everyday use of digital technology. The identified competencies can help individual managers and public administrative bodies being more targeted in their efforts to manage increased technology use on an every-day basis. Noteworthy, none of the identified competencies imply managers should become technology specialists today or anytime in the future.
The surge in popularity of short videos among the elderly has attracted attention, yet the motivations driving their usage remain unclear. This study delves into the factors influencing senior individuals' engagem...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031615429;9783031615436
The surge in popularity of short videos among the elderly has attracted attention, yet the motivations driving their usage remain unclear. This study delves into the factors influencing senior individuals' engagement behaviors, encompassing consumption, participation, and production. Through two focus groups with 10 participants aged over 55, the study revealed that utilitarian and hedonic needs motivated seniors' consumption behaviors, while social needs facilitated participation and production. Additionally, apprehensions about potential social conflicts emerged as a deterrent to the proactive use of short videos by senior individuals. These findings carry theoretical and practical implications for the utilization of social media among the elderly.
English learning, being an essential domain, has particularly been influenced by this technological evolution. Various studies have delved into the significance of AI in fostering autonomous and personalized learning ...
ISBN:
(纸本)9789819742455;9789819742462
English learning, being an essential domain, has particularly been influenced by this technological evolution. Various studies have delved into the significance of AI in fostering autonomous and personalized learning experiences, highlighting its efficacy in enhancing English language proficiency and altering traditional learning paradigms. This paper navigates the role of Generative AI, especially ChatGPT, in English education. Leveraging the versatility of NodeJS and the flexibility of MongoDB, our system accentuates efficiency and scalability. Through an evaluation process involving FPT Software Engineering students, our research underscores the platform's effectiveness across varying English proficiency levels.
In this research we compare the ability to take into account the intent in moral judgement with the level of Theory of Mind (ToM) in Typically Developing children (4 to 7 y.o.). In the first test we evaluated the mora...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031552441;9783031552458
In this research we compare the ability to take into account the intent in moral judgement with the level of Theory of Mind (ToM) in Typically Developing children (4 to 7 y.o.). In the first test we evaluated the moral algebra: combination of intent and consequence. Children had to judge social interactions between two characters in four situations: intentional harm, attempted harm, accidental harm and no harm and for two levels of aggressiveness: low and high. In the second test the ToM of the participants was measured with the scale of Wellman & Liu (2004). They had to answer 7 questions measuring their ability to take the perspective of a character. The results show an effect of ToM on the ability to take into account the intention. Children with the best level of ToM were the most able to judge social interaction according to the intent of the character. In addition, this effect increases with age. The oldest children, who usually have the best scores in ToM take more intent into account and discriminate more accurately levels of aggressiveness.
In this paper, we apply persistent homology, one of the main tools in Topological Data Analysis, to the study of harmonic complexity of musical pieces. A directed weighted graph of chords provides a flexible structure...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606373;9783031606380
In this paper, we apply persistent homology, one of the main tools in Topological Data Analysis, to the study of harmonic complexity of musical pieces. A directed weighted graph of chords provides a flexible structure that allows to adapt the distances between chords to a training corpus and to retain the asymmetry of human perception of chord progressions. Each musical piece of the corpus is modelled as a sequence of chords, which is used to compute the persistent homology of the simplicial complexes obtained by the Dowker filtration. The values associated to persistence barcodes are then studied to link the geometric properties of the simplicial complexes to the harmonic characteristics of the musical pieces.
Recently, the utilization of videoconferencing applications has had a substantial increase in a wide range of domains, including meetings, conferences, educational activities, and safety training. The emergence of the...
ISBN:
(数字)9783031574023
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031574016;9783031574023
Recently, the utilization of videoconferencing applications has had a substantial increase in a wide range of domains, including meetings, conferences, educational activities, and safety training. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the pivotal role these tools play in how businesses and public institutions coordinate and oversee their employees' activities. They offer the distinct advantage of accommodating a virtually unlimited number of participants, surmounting geographical constraints, and curbing the costs associated with organization and travel, all while contributing to improved environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the challenge of maintaining social interaction and engagement remains when individuals work remotely using such tools, particularly in scenarios where physical proximity with others is necessary for effective learning or training processes. Safety training is a critical aspect of disaster preparedness and prevention. Traditional safety training methods often lack realism and fail to adequately prepare people for real-world emergencies, especially in a cooperative context. This article presents the design of an immersive multi-user experience of safety training and proposes a collaborative environment for fire extinguisher training by using the Meta Quest 2 headset. Learning the procedures before operating in a real setting is the way to avoid operators' mistakes can have serious consequences on process operation and safety. We also described how to organize the training activities and conduct the evaluation.
Music can be represented by a sequence of chords. The transition between the individual chords is naturally of great importance due to the induced musical tension or the created cadence. In this work we summarize seve...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783031606373;9783031606380
Music can be represented by a sequence of chords. The transition between the individual chords is naturally of great importance due to the induced musical tension or the created cadence. In this work we summarize several known and less known approaches for comparing two chords of the same as well as different cardinality and calculating their distances in the corresponding chord spaces, which are used to measure transitions between individual chords.
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