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Educational Knowledge Graph Creation and Augmentation via LLMs 20th

Educational Knowledge Graph Creation and Augmentation via LL...

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20th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS)

作者： Jhajj, Gaganpreet Zhang, Xiaokun Gustafson, Jerry Ryan Lin, Fuhua Lin, Michael Pin-Chuan Athabasca Univ Sch Comp & Informat Syst Edmonton AB Canada Mt St Vincent Univ Fac Educ Halifax NS Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031630309;9783031630316

In this study, we explore the efficacy of Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs) in the tasks of constructing and completing Educational Knowledge Graphs (EduKGs). Knowledge Graphs (KGs) help represent real-world relationships. This can take the form of modeling course domains and student progression in educational settings. Through this work, we leverage GPT-4 to aid KG construction and align it with predefined learning objectives, course structure, and human interaction in validating and refining the generated KGs. The methodology employed utilized prompting LLMs with course materials and evaluating the generation of KGs through automatic and human assessment. Through a series of experiments, we show the potential of LLMs in enhancing the EduKG construction process, particularly for course modeling. Our findings suggest that LLMs such as GPT-4 can augment EduKGs by suggesting valuable and contextually relevant triplets. This KG creation and augmentation approach shows the potential to reduce the workload on educators and adaptive learning systems, paving the way for future applications in content recommendation and personalized learning experiences.

关键词： Knowledge Graphs Large Language Models Educational Knowledge Graphs

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User Experience Evaluation of an Immersive Virtual Reality Experience: The Case of the Palmela Dukes' Mausoleum in Lisbon's Prazeres Cemetery 13th

User Experience Evaluation of an Immersive Virtual Reality E...

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13th International Conference on Design, User Experience and Usability (DUXU)

作者： Noriega, Paulo Sousa, Mariana Rebelo, Francisco Vilar, Elisangela Univ Lisbon CIAUD Res Ctr Architecture Urbanism & Design Lisbon Sch Architecture Rua Sa NogueiraPolo Univ Alto Da Ajuda P-1349063 Lisbon Portugal Univ Lisbon ITI LARSyS Rua Sa Nogueira P-1349063 Lisbon Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783031613586;9783031613593

All over the world, there is a lot of our history that is still inaccessible to everyone. From historical facts, cultural patterns, and music, to paintings, sculptures, and buildings, many of these cultural and architectural heritages have restricted access or are hidden behind private patrimony. In this context, this applied research is focused on developing technology-based resources to engage users with cultural heritage, mainly those related to cemetery heritage. Thus, it investigates the prospective role of VR as a vehicle for unveiling one of the prominent heritage sites within the Prazeres Cemetery, namely the Mausoleum of the Dukes of Palmela. In this way, this paper aims to present part of larger project that has as main goal the development of an Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) experiences for cemeterial tourism. The project was developed considering three main phases, the exploratory phase, the generative phase, and the evaluative phase, but for this paper purpose, only the last one will be detailed. The main objective is to present the pilot tests made with the prototype developed for the Dukes of Palmela Mausoleum VR experience. The tests were made mainly to evaluate Use experience (UX) while interacting with an IVR experience. The primary findings indicate that the three emotions most experienced by the participants after the interaction were: Interest, Astonishment, and Fear. Additionally, the performance test showed effective memory retention among participants, indicating the potential of VR experiences to evoke meaningful engagement and learning.

关键词： Virtual Reality Interaction Design Cemeterial Tourism Patrimony User Experience

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Trust in Algorithmic Advice Increases with Task Complexity 2nd

Trust in Algorithmic Advice Increases with Task Complexity

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2nd International Conference on Human and Artificial Rationalities (HAR)

作者： Tahtali, Mohammed Ali Snijders, Chris Dirne, Corne Eindhoven Univ Technol NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Fontys Univ Appl Sci NL-5600 AH Eindhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9783031552441;9783031552458

The use of algorithms in decision-making has increased in various fields, such as medicine, government, and business. Despite their proven accuracy, people often disregard algorithmic advice. When it comes to complex tasks, however, there is some evidence that people are more inclined to follow the advice of algorithms. This evidence is largely based on decision-making in rather artificial contexts, however, and studies in this field tend to rely on rather crude measures of complexity. We therefore investigate the effect of task complexity on trust in model-based advice in a realistic setting, measuring complexity in several standardized ways. We conducted an experiment with 151 participants, each assessing 20 real-life court cases of crimes (in the Dutch legal system). Participants were first asked to estimate the jailtime for each crime. They then received algorithmic advice, and were allowed to adjust their initial estimate. We measured task complexity in severalways. First, by simply counting the number of violations per case. Second, we focused on all the mitigating and aggravating circumstances associated with a specific case. Finally, we narrowed our focus to only the circumstances mentioned in the case text and concentrated on the violated sections of the law. We then used multi-level regression analysis (assessments within participants) on the target variable Weight on Advice (WOA) to assess the impact of complexity on trust in algorithmic advice. Our findings indicate that participants were more inclined to trust algorithmic advice as the complexity of tasks increased, for two of the three operationalizations of task complexity.

关键词： algorithmic advice trust task complexity

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Decoding the Diversity of the German Software Developer Community: Insights from an Exploratory Cluster Analysis

Decoding the Diversity of the German Software Developer Comm...

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Conference on Human Interface and the Management of Information Thematic Area (HIMI) Held as Part of the 26th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Dworatzyk, Katharina Dekorsy, Vincent Theis, Sabine German Aerosp Ctr DLR Inst Software Technol Cologne Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031601248;9783031601255

To better understand the nature of the software developer community in Germany, an open data set of 2,837 responses collected through the Stack Overflow Developer Survey was analyzed. Cluster analysis identified four sub-groups that were characterized by significant differences in sociodemographic variables, programming experience and software development specialization: the web developer (25%), the junior developer (26%), the senior developer (39%), and the research developer (10%). Cluster characteristics were associated with differences in experienced community membership, frequency of Stack Overflow visits and participation in Q&A. Senior developers with the highest level of coding experience reported the overall strongest community engagement, while research developers visited Stack Overflow least often. A positive moderate relationship between community membership and community visits and community participation provided additional evidence for the importance of the sense of (virtual) community as a psychological driving factor of community engagement. Together, these findings can contribute to developing more targeted training and community-building measures.

关键词： software developer virtual community personas cluster analysis

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The Impact of Color in Phone Software Interfaces on the User Experience of the Elderly 10th

The Impact of Color in Phone Software Interfaces on the User...

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10th International Conference on Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population (ITAP) Held as Part of the 26th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Wang, Teng Ye, Zhiyuan Xi, Zhijie Mei, Jie Zhu, Jinjin Jiang, Ao Fuzhou Univ Fuzhou Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut London England Imperial Coll London EuroMoonMarsLondon ILEWG ESA London England

ISBN: (纸本)9783031615429;9783031615436

In recent years, China has entered an aging society [1]. As they age, the elderly experience a continuous decline in vision. The decrease in the transmittance of the elderly lens and the size of the pupil leads to a weakened sensitivity to light [2]. In terms of color recognition, due to the degeneration of the visual nerves and the reduction of cone cells in the retina, the elderly's ability to distinguish colors deteriorates [3]. They become very sensitive to intense brightness, their sensitivity to color discrimination decreases, and as a result, their speed of processing visual information slows down [4]. Moreover, with the increase in age, cognitive abilities also decline, and the elderly will take longer than younger individuals to complete a given task [5]. Psychologically, the elderly often experience negative emotions such as anxiety and depression due to the decline in vision [6]. As of June 2023, the proportion of internet users aged 60 and over was 13% [7], and the number of elderly people using smart products has gradually increased. Therefore, in the digital age, the design of interactive interfaces plays a crucial role for the elderly in using social apps. Phone apps are commonly used social apps for the elderly. According to color psychology theory, colors have a regulatory effect on human functions and emotional changes [8]. However, most of the existing phone app interfaces are relatively monochromatic, relying solely on characters and layout to convey information. The functionality of searching, dialing, and connecting is not clear, leading to relatively difficult information recognition for the elderly and a poorer user experience.

关键词： Seniors Communication Software Color Perception User Experience

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Leveraging the Verifier's Dilemma to Double Spend in Bitcoin 27th

Leveraging the Verifier's Dilemma to Double Spend in Bitcoin

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27th International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC)

作者： Cao, Tong Decouchant, Jeremie Yu, Jiangshan Kunyao Acad Shanghai Peoples R China Delft Univ Technol Delft Netherlands Monash Univ Melbourne Vic Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031477508;9783031477515

We describe and analyze perishing mining, a novel block-withholding mining strategy that lures profit-driven miners away from doing useful work on the public chain by releasing block headers from a privately maintained chain. We then introduce the dual private chain (DPC) attack, where an adversary that aims at double spending increases its success rate by intermittently dedicating part of its hash power to perishing mining. We detail the DPC attack's Markov decision process, evaluate its double spending success rate using Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the DPC attack lowers Bitcoin's security bound in the presence of profit-driven miners that do not wait to validate the transactions of a block before mining on it.

关键词： Bitcoin Double spending Block withholding attack

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How to Drill into Silos: Creating a Free-to-Use Dataset of Data Subject Access Packages 12th

How to Drill into Silos: Creating a Free-to-Use Dataset of D...

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12th Annual Privacy Forum on Privacy Technologies and Policy (APF)

作者： Leschke, Nicola Poehn, Daniela Pallas, Frank Paris Lodron Univ Salzburg Salzburg Austria Univ Bundeswehr Munchen Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783031680236;9783031680243

The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) strengthened several rights for individuals (data subjects). One of these is the data subjects' right to access their personal data being collected by services (data controllers), complemented with a new right to data portability. Based on these, data controllers are obliged to provide respective data and allow data subjects to use them at their own discretion. However, the subjects' possibilities for actually using and harnessing said data are severely limited so far. Among other reasons, this can be attributed to a lack of research dedicated to the actual use of controller-provided subject access request packages (SARPs). To open up and facilitate such research, we outline a general, high-level method for generating, pre-processing, publishing, and finally using SARPs of different providers. Furthermore, we establish a realistic dataset comprising two users' SARPs from five services. This dataset is publicly provided and shall, in the future, serve as a starting and reference point for researching and comparing novel approaches for the practically viable use of SARPs.

关键词： Data subject access request DSAR GDPR Personal data access Privacy Transparency Data Portability Personal data package

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Transparency in Open Government Data Portals: An Assessment of Web Tracking Practices Across Europe 1

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16th International Conference on Electronic Participation (ePart)

作者： Stepanovic, Stefan Mori, Leonardo Francey, Alizee Mettler, Tobias Univ Lausanne Swiss Grad Sch Publ Adm Chavannes Pres Renens Switzerland

ISBN: (数字)9783031708046

ISBN: (纸本)9783031708039;9783031708046

Online web analytics and web tracking, including the use of first-party and third-party cookies, are often perceived as a "black box". Both rely on the collection of large amounts of data for various purposes - functional, analytical, and marketing - often without the user's knowledge, for legitimate purposes such as improving the user experience, as well as more controversial reasons such as targeted advertising. This issue is reinforced by Google's dominant position in web analytics, particularly through the widespread integration of Google Analytics (GA) into first-party cookies. At the same time, Europe is witnessing a rise in open government initiatives, particularly in line with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which aim to increase data transparency and accessibility for individuals. These initiatives often use open government data (OGD) portals as a means to disseminate government information. Our study, therefore, examines such platforms across Europe to determine the prevalence of web tracking activity and Google's potential involvement. Our findings reveal a nuanced use of cookies within OGD portals, characterized by a significant presence of GA cookies. This situation raises debates about privacy (especially in relation to the presence of third-party cookies), transparency, and the possibility of transitioning to more ethically responsible analytics technologies in government digital services. We propose several practical recommendations for governments to improve their privacy efforts, including removing tracking practices, adopting open source analytics solutions, conducting regular audits, and improving public awareness of web tracking practices.

关键词： Web Analytics Web Tracking Privacy Open Government Data Google Analytics

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Policy Design of Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies: Embedding AML/CFT Compliance 27th

Policy Design of Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies: Emb...

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8th Workshop on Advances in Secure Electronic Voting (Voting) / 4th Workshop on Coordination of Decentralized Finance (CoDecFin) / 3rd Workshop on Decentralized Finance (DeFi) / 7th Workshop on Trusted Smart Contracts (WTSC)

作者： Kakebayashi, Michi Presto, Gerard P. Yuyama, Tomonori Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA Georgetown Univ Washington DC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031488054;9783031488061

This paper provides a foundation on how to ensure effective and efficient Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) compliance measures in the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) system, focusing particularly on the retail CBDC in a two-tiered system. By examining the existing AML/CFT practices and those implemented in newly launched CBDC projects, we build a policy framework of AML/CFT measures that should be embedded in the CBDC system to enhance compliance. The most common enforcement of AML/CFTmeasures associated with CBDC balances assumes the form of transaction amount or holding amount limits based on the level of KnowYour-Customer (KYC) findings. In this paper, we examine practices beyond the initial KYC measures and explore the processes of on-boarding and on-going customer due diligence, transaction analysis and evaluation, decision making and reporting to the Financial Investigation Unit (FIU).

关键词： CBDC - Central Bank Digital Currency AML - Anti Money Laundering CFT - Combating the Financing of Terrorism DLT - Distributed Ledger Technology FATF - Financial Action Task Force regulatory compliance

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Design of an Emotion Care System for the Elderly Based on Precisely Detecting Emotion States 10th

Design of an Emotion Care System for the Elderly Based on Pr...

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10th International Conference on Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population (ITAP) Held as Part of the 26th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Dai, Wan Chen, Hao Zhu, Lei Chen, YunFei Chen, Mo Zhang, Yan Southeast Univ Sch Mech Engn Nanjing 211189 Peoples R China Nanjing Tech Univ Coll Art & Design Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031615450;9783031615467

With the global fertility rate in decline, the issue of an aging population grows ever more pressing, especially in developing nations where many elderly live alone, often deprived of familial emotional support and timely care. Addressing this, our study centers on emotional well-being and introduces a system capable of detecting and regulating the emotions of the elderly promptly. Utilizing sensors to capture facial imagery and vocal information, we employ a multimodal emotion recognition model for real-time analysis, enabling multi-channel emotional regulation. We validate the necessity for an elderly-specific dataset and confirm the reliability of our model's emotional recognition accuracy. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our regulation strategies through empirical research. This study aims to enhance the quality of life for the elderly in their twilight years.

关键词： emotion recognition the elderly emotion regulation Multimodal recognition

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