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检索条件"丛书名=Springer Texts in Statistics"

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Item Response Theory Modeling with Response Times: Some Issues 88th

Item Response Theory Modeling with Response Times: Some Issu...

引用

88th Annual Meeting of the Psychometric-Society (IMPS)

作者： Embretson, Susan E. Hauenstein, Clifford E. Georgia Inst Technol Sch Psychol Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031555503;9783031555480;9783031555473

The increased prevalence of item response time (RT) data along with item responses has made applications of several joint item response theory (IRT) models feasible. Molenaar et al. (Multivar Behav Res 50: 56-74, 2015) unified several IRT models with joint response accuracy and RT into a common hierarchical framework to possibly increase the measurement precision of trait. Depending on the model, the assumed relationship between response accuracy and response time may be either positive or negative. However, a previous study (Embretson, 2021) found that examinees differed substantially in the relationship of their item response times to both item difficulty and test position on a spatial ability test. Such differences could impact the advantages of the various joint models. In this chapter, two additional types of tests, analytic reasoning and mathematics achievement, were studied for examinee differences in their item response time relationships within the test. Thus, for each examinee, their item response times will be correlated with both item difficulty and item test position. Broad distributions of these examinee correlations, ranging from strong negative to strong positive, were found for both tests. Hence, models that assume a uniform relationship of item response time to item difficulty across examinees may not be appropriate for many types of tests.

关键词： Individual variability Item response theory Response time modeling

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A Discrete-Time Predator-Prey Model with Seasonal Breeding 28th

A Discrete-Time Predator-Prey Model with Seasonal Breeding

引用

28th International Conference on Difference Equations and Applications-ICDEA-Annual

作者： Ackleh, Azmy S. Pant, Narendra Veprauskas, Amy Univ Louisiana Lafayette Lafayette LA 70504 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031820052;9783031820038;9783031820021

We extend the predator-prey model developed by Ackleh et al. (2019) to account for seasonal reproduction. We model the reproduction of prey as a periodic function of period two, representing two seasons: a breeding season and a non-breeding season. We study the dynamics of the model and show that when the inherent reproduction number of the prey and the invasion reproduction number of the predator are larger than one, then the system is permanent and an interior 2-cycle exists and is locally asymptotically stable. We then compare the impact of seasonality on the prey density with and without predator interaction. We show that, while seasonality is always deleterious (resulting in a lower prey density average over a full period) when the predator is not present, it can be advantageous for certain parameter ranges when the predator is present.

关键词： Discrete-time predator-prey model Seasonal breeding Stability Persistence

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Model Free Estimation of Causal Effects of Different Stimuli on Neuron Activities

Model Free Estimation of Causal Effects of Different Stimuli...

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2022 Data Research Camp

作者： Alfonzetti, Giuseppe Rossi, Lidia Zorzetto, Dafne Mealli, Fabrizia Univ Udine Dept Econ & Stat Via Tomadini 30-A I-33100 Udine Italy Politecn Milan Dept Management Econ & Ind Engn Via Lambruschini 4-B I-20156 Milan Italy Brown Univ Data Sci Inst 164 Angell St Providence RI 02906 USA European Univ Inst Dept Econ Via Roccettini 9 I-50014 Fiesole Fi Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031706400;9783031706387;9783031706370

Several activities and functions of neurons are determined by intracellular signals generated by calcium ions, with calcium levels rapidly increasing during neuronal activity. Technological advances in calcium imaging techniques have allowed a large amount of data to be collected to study brain behavior at the neuronal level. We investigate the effects of different sensory stimuli on neuronal activity in the visual cortex of mice. The novel contribution of this work is the investigation of the relationship between visual stimuli and calcium concentration levels in terms of causal effects. Estimation and inference are carried out in a potential outcomes framework, where the dynamic behavior of calcium traces is managed by borrowing tools from the randomized experiments literature. Results show significant causal effects on the neuronal activity due to the smoothness and geometry of the stimuli.

关键词： Calcium spikes Causal inference Randomized experiments Visual stimuli

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A Point Process Approach for the Classification of Noisy Calcium Imaging Data

A Point Process Approach for the Classification of Noisy Cal...

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2022 Data Research Camp

作者： Burzacchi, Arianna D'Angelo, Nicoletta Payares, David Mateu, Jorge Politecn Milan MOX Dept Math Milan Italy Univ Palermo Dept Econ Business & Stat Palermo Italy Univ Twente Dept Earth Observat Sci Enschede Netherlands Univ Jaume 1 Dept Math Castellon De La Plana Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783031706400;9783031706387;9783031706370

We study noisy calcium imaging data, with a focus on the classification of spike traces under a point process approach. As raw traces obscure the true temporal structure of neuron's activity, we performed a tuned filtering of the calcium concentration using two methods: a biophysical model and a kernel mapping. The former characterizes spike trains related to a particular triggering event, while the latter filters out the signal and refines the selection of the underlying neuronal response. Transitioning from traditional time series analysis to point process theory, this study explores spike-time distance metrics and point pattern prototypes to describe repeated observations. We assume that the analyzed neuron's firing events, i.e. spike occurrences, are temporal point process events. In particular, the study focuses on categorizing 47 point patterns by depth, assuming the similarity of spike occurrences within specific depth categories. The results highlight the pivotal roles of depth and stimuli in discerning diverse temporal structures of neuron firing events, confirming the point process approach based on prototype analysis is largely useful in the classification of spike traces.

关键词： Classification Multidimensional scaling Point processes Prototypes Spike-time distance

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Mortality Estimation with Controlled Smoothing by Segments Applied to Potentially Insured Missing Persons in Mexico 35th

Mortality Estimation with Controlled Smoothing by Segments A...

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35th National statistics Forum

作者： Silva, Eliud Flores, Miguel Univ Anahuac Mexico Lomas Anahuac Mexico Tecnol Monterrey Dept Econ Escuela Ciencias Sociales & Gobierno Monterrey Nuevo Leon Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9783031784033;9783031784019;9783031784002

We aim to estimate mortality in the insured Mexican market due to missing individuals who may have life insurance. To do that, we assess the potential impact of a future reform that could accelerate the process of obtaining Death Certificates of Presumption (CPDs) for life insurance beneficiaries. The worst scenarios of mortality have been generated, assuming that a certain percentage of missing individuals who have died were insured, based on data from 2016 to 2018. Our approach involves the implementation of controlled smoothing by segments, forecasting tools, and demographic calculations. The results suggest changes in mortality patterns, particularly at younger ages for both genders in collective insurance. Moreover, the results indicate that the observed mortality significantly exceeds the expected mortality for certain life stages, even without considering the potential impact of missing individuals who had life insurance. Consequently, the Mexican insurance sector should revise expected mortality and foresee additional consequences.

关键词： Life insurance Missing persons Life expectancy Mexico

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A New Bivariate Model Based on Gamma Distributions 35th

A New Bivariate Model Based on Gamma Distributions

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35th National statistics Forum

作者： Nunez-Antonio, Gabriel Montesinos-Vazquez, Joel Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Dept Matemat Unidad Iztapalapa Mexico City DF Mexico Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa Mexico City DF Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9783031784033;9783031784019;9783031784002

Recently, analysis of circular data has become a very dynamic development area. This goes from the construction of new probability models that describe this type of data, to the proposal of methods to carry out both frequentist and Bayesian inferences in the proposed models. One approach that has proved attractive for its simplicity in constructing circular distributions is the radial projection method. That consists of radially projecting a bivariate density, defined in R-2, onto the unit circle S. Although that method of construction is relatively simple, the crucial point is to have families of distributions initially defined in R-2 that allow generating sufficiently flexible circular densities to describe data on S. An additional problem arises when we want to have distributions defined only on a subset of S. This chapter presents a new bivariate model defined in R-2, as well as the corresponding circular model obtained from its radial projection. It should be mentioned that the projected model obtained is able to describe circular data defined only in the first orthant of S and is more flexible than those proposed in the literature. It also shows how to carry out Bayesian inferences for all parameters of the proposed bivariate model and describes some properties of the obtained circular model.

关键词： Radial projection Gibbs sampler circular data

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Toward Inference for Finite Populations 35th

Toward Inference for Finite Populations

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35th National statistics Forum

作者： Rodriguez, Carlos E. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico Dept Probabil & Stat Inst Res Appl Math & Syst IIMAS Mexico City DF Mexico

ISBN: (纸本)9783031784033;9783031784019;9783031784002

This chapter explores three approaches to make inference for finite populations: frequentist, Bayesian, and a novel predictive strategy enforced by martingales. The discussion commences by describing the fundamental concepts underlying sampling techniques. It subsequently differentiates between design-based and model-based inference, emphasizing the introduction of randomness through sampling designs in the former and through probabilistic models describing the random phenomenon of interest in the latter. The predictive paradigm via martingales is explored in the context of missing data, where the observed part of the population is used to construct a predictive model, which is then employed to impute the missing part of the finite population. The chapter concludes by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy.

关键词： Sampling techniques Bayesian inference Predictive modeling Martingale Imputation

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Correlation of Biomechanical Performance Measures with Speed, Acceleration and Deceleration in Human Overground Running 16th

Correlation of Biomechanical Performance Measures with Speed...

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16th International Conference on Dynamical Systems - Theory and Applications (DSTA)

作者： Zajcsuk, Liliana Zelei, Ambrus Budapest Universiy Technol & Econ Dept Appl Mech Budapest Hungary Szechenyi Istvan Univ Audi Hungaria Fac Automot Engn Dept Whole Vehicle Engn Gyor Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9783031564949;9783031564925;9783031564918

Earlier research results suggest that certain optimization processes take place in the human nervous system during body movement including locomotion. These processes might employ a combination of cost functions that make adaptation possible to the changing conditions, such as terrain or to certain intentions such as maintaining locomotion speed. We focus on the exploration of the changes in human body kinematics and kinetics, related to well-defined cost functions, such as energy dissipation, energy conservation or energy accumulation. These cost functions are in analogy with deceleration, constant speed locomotion and acceleration. Hence, we collected measurement data of eight athletes with five different tasks: (1) slow, (2) convenient, (3) high speed running, (4) acceleration and (5) deceleration. Correlation tests showed that the effect of varying speed and acceleration can be distinguished. The variation in running speed can be effectively indicated by the knee angle, the relative horizontal position of the center of mass and the center of foot pressure (CoM-CoP distance), the loading rate, the peak tibial shock, the foot angle and the shank angle, while the variation in the acceleration can be indicated by the angle of the trunk, the CoM-CoP distance, the average ground reaction force angle and the horizontal force components in the joints.

关键词： Human running Biomechanics Acceleration Deceleration Gait optimization

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Parameter Identification for Two-Axis Gimbal System and Its Kinematic Calibration 16th

Parameter Identification for Two-Axis Gimbal System and Its ...

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16th International Conference on Dynamical Systems - Theory and Applications (DSTA)

作者： Rowienicz, Lukasz Malczyk, Pawel Warsaw Univ Technol Fac Power & Aeronaut Engn Inst Aeronaut & Appl Mech Div Theory Machines & Robots Warsaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031564987;9783031564963;9783031564956

This paper presents a parameter identification procedure for two-axis gimbal system and its kinematic calibration. The quality of gimbal system used for tracking, aiming or positioning highly depends on accuracy of its line-of-sight (LOS). A model of non-orthogonal two-axis gimbal system is introduced in the text. A kinematic calibration for identifying the model's parameters is shown as a step-by-step algorithm. Forward and inverse kinematic problems considered herein are used to express potential non-orthogonality conditions between the axes among other errors captured in the transformation matrices. Results of numerical experiments, which take into account randomized errors, show the potential of the proposed calibration algorithm to improve system accuracy.

关键词： Kinematic calibration Parameter identification Gimbals Line-of-sight

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Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of Two-Region Dynamic Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman Model with Discrete-Time Variable 28th

Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of Two-Region Dynamic Dixit...

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28th International Conference on Difference Equations and Applications-ICDEA-Annual

作者： Sito, Yuki Yamaoka, Naoto Osaka Prefecture Univ Dept Math Sci Sakai Osaka Japan Osaka Metropolitan Univ Dept Math Sakai Osaka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783031820052;9783031820038;9783031820021

This study investigates the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the two-region dynamic Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman model with discrete-time variable. This model comprises the core-periphery model and replicator equations, and suggests that manufacturing workers relocate based on wages as time increases. Previously, Tabata and Eshima demonstrated the existence of solutions for the core-periphery model. Using their result, a sufficient condition is provided for manufacturing workers, which are solutions of the dynamic Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman model, to realize agglomeration in one region as time increases. In addition, numerical computation is performed to reveal the main results and insights regarding periodic solutions of the dynamic Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman model.

关键词： Dynamic Dixit-Stiglitz-Krugman model Spatial economics Core-periphery model Replicator equations

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