This paper presents a modular framework for design of image based visual servo control for fully actuated dynamic mechanical systems. The approach taken uses the formalism of port Hamiltonian systems to track energy e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
This paper presents a modular framework for design of image based visual servo control for fully actuated dynamic mechanical systems. The approach taken uses the formalism of port Hamiltonian systems to track energy exchanged between the mechanical system and virtual potentials or Hamiltonians associated with each image feature. Asymptotic stability of the system is guaranteed by injecting damping to the otherwise conservative system. A simple approach based on full state measurement is presented and then extended to deal with unmeasured relative depth of image features.
In this paper, we discuss a force sensing by microrobot called magnetically driven microtool (MMT) in a microfluidic chip. On-chip force sensor is fabricated by assembling layers to neglect the friction issue and it i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
In this paper, we discuss a force sensing by microrobot called magnetically driven microtool (MMT) in a microfluidic chip. On-chip force sensor is fabricated by assembling layers to neglect the friction issue and it is actuated by permanent magnets, which supply mN order force to stimulate microorganisms. The displacement is magnified by designing beams on the force sensor and the sensor achieved 100 mu N resolutions. We succeeded in on-chip stimulation and evaluation of Pleurosira laevis by developed MMT with force sensing structure.
We present a method for mobile robots to learn the concept of objects and categorize them without supervision using 3D point clouds from a laser scanner as input. In particular, we address the challenges of categorizi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
We present a method for mobile robots to learn the concept of objects and categorize them without supervision using 3D point clouds from a laser scanner as input. In particular, we address the challenges of categorizing objects discovered in different scans without knowing the number of categories. The underlying object discovery algorithm finds objects per scan and gives them locally-consistent labels. To associate these object labels across all scans, we introduce class graph which encodes the relationship among local object class labels. Our algorithm finds the mapping from local class labels to global category labels by inferring on this graph and uses this mapping to assign the final category label to the discovered objects. We demonstrate on real data our algorithm's ability to discover and categorize objects without supervision.
The study of computational approach to human understanding has been the history of artificial intelligence. The robotics developments in algorithms and software have prepared the powerful research tools that were not ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
The study of computational approach to human understanding has been the history of artificial intelligence. The robotics developments in algorithms and software have prepared the powerful research tools that were not available when the study of intelligence started from unembodied frameworks. The computational human model is a large field of research. The author and the colleagues have studied by focussing on behavioral modeling and anatomical modeling. The aims of study on human modeling are double faces of a coin. One side is to develop the technological foundation to predict human behaviors including utterance for robots communicating with the humans. The other side is to develop the quantitative methods to estimate the internal states of the humans. The former directly connected to the development of robotic applications in the aging societies. The latter finds fields of application in medicine, rehabilitation, pathology, gerontology, development, and sports science. This paper survey the recent research of the authors group on the anatomical approach to the computational human modeling.
This paper addresses the problem of deploying a network of robots to gather information in an environment, where the environment is hazardous to the robots. This may mean that there are adversarial agents in the envir...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
This paper addresses the problem of deploying a network of robots to gather information in an environment, where the environment is hazardous to the robots. This may mean that there are adversarial agents in the environment trying to disable the robots, or that some regions of the environment tend to make the robots fail, for example due to radiation, fire, adverse weather, or caustic chemicals. A probabilistic model of the environment is formulated, under which recursive Bayesian filters are used to estimate the environment events and hazards online. The robots must control their positions both to avoid sensor failures and to provide useful sensor information by following the analytical gradient of mutual information computed using these online estimates. Mutual information is shown to combine the competing incentives of avoiding failure and collecting informative measurements under a common objective. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the algorithm.
Robotic vision, the combination of robotics and computer vision, involves the application of computer algorithms to data acquired from sensors. The research community has developed a large body of such algorithms but ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783319544137
ISBN:
(纸本)9783319544120
Robotic vision, the combination of robotics and computer vision, involves the application of computer algorithms to data acquired from sensors. The research community has developed a large body of such algorithms but for a newcomer to the field this can be quite daunting. For over 20 years the author has maintained two open-source MATLAB Toolboxes, one for robotics and one for vision. They provide implementations of many important algorithms and allow users to work with real problems, not just trivial examples. This book makes the fundamental algorithms of robotics, vision and control accessible to all. It weaves together theory, algorithms and examples in a narrative that covers robotics and computer vision separately and together. Using the latest versions of the Toolboxes the author shows how complex problems can be decomposed and solved using just a few simple lines of code. The topics covered are guided by real problems observed by the author over many years as a practitioner of both robotics and computer vision. It is written in an accessible but informative style, easy to read and absorb, and includes over 1000 MATLAB and Simulink examples and over 400 figures. The book is a real walk through the fundamentals of mobile robots, arm robots. then camera models, image processing, feature extraction and multi-view geometry and finally bringing it all together with an extensive discussion of visual servo systems. This second edition is completely revised, updated and extended with coverage of Lie groups, matrix exponentials and twists; inertial navigation; differential drive robots; lattice planners; pose-graph SLAM and map making; restructured material on arm-robot kinematics and dynamics; series-elastic actuators and operational-space control; Lab color spaces; light field cameras; structured light, bundle adjustment and visual odometry; and photometric visual servoing. An authoritative book, reaching across fields, thoughtfully conceived and brilliantly accompli
We survey the recent work on micro-UAVs, a fast-growing field in robotics, outlining the opportunities for research and applications, along with the scientific and technological challenges. Micro-UAVs can operate in t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
We survey the recent work on micro-UAVs, a fast-growing field in robotics, outlining the opportunities for research and applications, along with the scientific and technological challenges. Micro-UAVs can operate in three-dimensional environments, explore and map multi-story buildings, manipulate and transport objects, and even perform such tasks as assembly. While fixed-base industrial robots were the main focus in the first two decades of robotics, and mobile robots enabled most of the significant advances during the next two decades, it is likely that UAVs, and particularly micro-UAVs will provide a major impetus for the third phase of development.
We discuss the problem in which an autonomous vehicle must classify an object based on multiple views. We focus on the active classification setting, where the vehicle controls which views to select to best perform th...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
We discuss the problem in which an autonomous vehicle must classify an object based on multiple views. We focus on the active classification setting, where the vehicle controls which views to select to best perform the classification. The problem is formulated as an extension to Bayesian active learning, and we show connections to recent theoretical guarantees in this area. We formally analyze the benefit of acting adaptively as new information becomes available. The analysis leads to a probabilistic algorithm for determining the best views to observe based on information theoretic costs. We validate our approach in two ways, both related to underwater inspection: 3D polyhedra recognition in synthetic depth maps and ship hull inspection with imaging sonar. These tasks encompass both the planning and recognition aspects of the active classification problem. The results demonstrate that actively planning for informative views can reduce the number of necessary views by up to 80 % when compared to passive methods.
As the characteristic size of a flying robot decreases, the challenges for successful flight revert to basic questions of fabrication, actuation, fluid mechanics, stabilization, and power-whereas such questions have i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
As the characteristic size of a flying robot decreases, the challenges for successful flight revert to basic questions of fabrication, actuation, fluid mechanics, stabilization, and power-whereas such questions have in general been answered for larger aircraft. When developing a flying robot on the scale of a common housefly, all hardware must be developed from scratch as there is nothing "off-the-shelf" which can be used for mechanisms, sensors, or computation that would satisfy the extreme mass and power limitations. This technology void also applies to techniques available for fabrication and assembly of the aeromechanical components: the scale and complexity of the mechanical features requires new ways to design and prototype at scales between macro and MEMS, but with rich topologies and material choices one would expect in designing human-scale vehicles. With these challenges in mind, we present progress in the essential technologies for insect-scale robots, or "pico" air vehicles.
In this paper, we describe a method of improving trajectory optimization based on predicting good initial guesses from previous experiences. In order to generalize to new situations, we propose a paradigm shift: predi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319293639;9783319293622
In this paper, we describe a method of improving trajectory optimization based on predicting good initial guesses from previous experiences. In order to generalize to new situations, we propose a paradigm shift: predicting qualitative attributes of the trajectory that place the initial guess in the basin of attraction of a low-cost solution. We start with a key such attribute, the choice of a goal within a goal set that describes the task, and show the generalization capabilities of our method in extensive experiments on a personal robotics platform.
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