This paper describes automation of the digging cycle of a mining rope shovel which considers autonomous dipper (bucket) filling and determining methods to detect when to disengage the dipper from the bank. Novel techn...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540334521
This paper describes automation of the digging cycle of a mining rope shovel which considers autonomous dipper (bucket) filling and determining methods to detect when to disengage the dipper from the bank. Novel techniques to overcome dipper stall and the online estimation of dipper "fullness" are described with in-field experimental results of laser DTM generation, machine automation and digging using a 1/7th scale model rope shovel presented.
Awareness of pedestrians, other vehicles, and other road obstacles is key to driving safety, and so their detection is a critical need in driver assistance research. We propose using a model-based approach which can e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540334521
Awareness of pedestrians, other vehicles, and other road obstacles is key to driving safety, and so their detection is a critical need in driver assistance research. We propose using a model-based approach which can either directly segment the disparity to detect obstacles or remove the road regions from an already segmented disparity map. We developed two methods for segmentation: first, by directly segmenting obstacles from the disparity map;and, second by using morphological operations followed by a robust model fitting algorithm to reject road segments after the segmentation process. To test the success of our methods, we have tested and compared them with an available method in the literature.
In this paper, a method of obtaining vehicle hypothesis based on laser scan data only is proposed. This is implemented on the robotic vehicle, CyCab, for navigation and mapping of the static car park environment. Lase...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540334521
In this paper, a method of obtaining vehicle hypothesis based on laser scan data only is proposed. This is implemented on the robotic vehicle, CyCab, for navigation and mapping of the static car park environment. Laser scanner data is used to obtain hypothesis on position and orientation of vehicles with Bayesian Programming. Using the hypothesized vehicle poses as landmarks, CyCab performs Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM). A final map consisting of the vehicle positions in the car park is obtained.
The Emschergenossenschaft based in Germany is currently planning the Emscher sewer system, arguably the largest residential water management project in Europe in years to come. In 2002, the Emschergenossenschaft engag...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540334521
The Emschergenossenschaft based in Germany is currently planning the Emscher sewer system, arguably the largest residential water management project in Europe in years to come. In 2002, the Emschergenossenschaft engaged the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation (IFF) in Magdeburg, Germany as the general contractor to develop automatic inspection and cleaning systems to meet the requirements stipulated by the legal guidelines. The systems must operate continuously in a sewer line, which has diameters ranging from 1400 to 2800 mm and is partially filled, 25% at minimum, all the time. To construct the Emscher sewer system, the Emschergenossenschaft favors a one-pipe line in long sections. A walk-through or inspection by personnel is impossible in every phase. The Fraunhofer Institute IFF has completed an extensive concept study for the inspection and cleaning systems and has developed as prototypes all systems for motion along the sewer and all sensor systems, achieving a new quality of inspection under these difficult conditions. This article describes significant project results and important components of the inspection and cleaning systems such as the inspection systems, pipe axis measurement, system positioning and sensor systems for damage detection. Fundamental for the development of the inspection systems are a detailed inspection going far beyond the video inspection common today and the capability of taking comparative measurements throughout the sewer system's period of operation to describe the development of damage.
In our current research, we are developing a holonomic mobile vehicle which is capable of running over the step. This system realizes omni-directional motion on flat floor using special wheels and passes over the step...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540334521
In our current research, we are developing a holonomic mobile vehicle which is capable of running over the step. This system realizes omni-directional motion on flat floor using special wheels and passes over the step in forward or backward direction using the passive suspension mechanism. This paper proposes a new wheel control method of the vehicle according to its body configuration for passing over the step. The developed vehicle utilizes the passive suspension mechanism connected by two free joints that provide to change the body configuration on the terrain condition. Therefore, it is required to coordinate the suitable rotation velocity of each wheel according to its body configuration. In our previous work, the vehicle motion during step-climbing was discussed and moving velocity of each wheel was derived. In this paper, we adapt these results to wheel control and derived rotation velocity reference of each wheel. The performance of our proposed method is verified by the computer simulations and experiments using our prototype vehicle.
This paper presents a new generalisation of simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM). SLAM implementations based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) data fusion have traditionally relied on simple geometric models for...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540334521
This paper presents a new generalisation of simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM). SLAM implementations based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) data fusion have traditionally relied on simple geometric models for defining landmarks. This limits EKF-SLAM to environments suited to such models and tends to discard much potentially useful data. The approach presented in this paper is a marriage of EKF-SLAM with scan correlation. Instead of geometric models, landmarks are defined by templates composed of raw sensed data, and scan correlation is shown to produce landmark observations compatible with the standard EKF-SLAM framework. The resulting Scan-SLAM combines the general applicability of scan correlation with the established advantages of an EKF implementation: recursive data fusion that produces a convergent map of landmarks and maintains an estimate of uncertainties and correlations. Experimental results are presented which validate the algorithm.
The Autonomous Systems Lab of EPFL3 is developing, within the framework of an ESA program, an ultra-lightweight solar autonomous model airplane called Sky-Sailor with embedded navigation and control systems. The main ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540334521
The Autonomous Systems Lab of EPFL3 is developing, within the framework of an ESA program, an ultra-lightweight solar autonomous model airplane called Sky-Sailor with embedded navigation and control systems. The main goal of this project is to jointly undertake research on navigation, control of the plane and also work on the design of the structure, the energy generation system. The airplane will be capable of continuous flight over days and nights, which makes it suitable for a wide range of applications.
In the near future, off-road mobile robots will feature high levels of autonomy which will render them useful for a variety of tasks on Earth and other planets. Many terrestrial applications have a special demand for ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540334521
In the near future, off-road mobile robots will feature high levels of autonomy which will render them useful for a variety of tasks on Earth and other planets. Many terrestrial applications have a special demand for robots to possess similar qualities to human-driven machines: high speed and maneuverability. Meeting these requirements in the design of autonomous robots is a very hard problem, partially due to the difficulty of characterizing the natural terrain that the vehicle will encounter and estimating the effect of these interactions on the vehicle. Here we present a dynamic traction model that describes vehicle braking on a variety of terrestrial soil types and in a wide range of natural landscapes and vehicle velocities. This model was developed empirically, it is simple yet accurate and can be readily used to improve model-predictive planning and control. The model encapsulates the specifics of wheel-terrain interaction, offers a good compromise between accuracy and real-time computational efficiency, and allows straight-forward consideration of vehicle dynamics.
We describe crawling and jumping by a soft robot. Locomotion over rough terrain has been achieved mainly by rigid body systems including crawlers and leg mechanisms. This paper presents an alternative method, one that...
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ISBN:
(纸本)3540288163
We describe crawling and jumping by a soft robot. Locomotion over rough terrain has been achieved mainly by rigid body systems including crawlers and leg mechanisms. This paper presents an alternative method, one that employs deformation. First, we describe the principle of crawling and jumping as performed through deformation of a robot body. Second, in a physical simulation, we investigate the feasibility of the approach. Next, we show experimentally that a prototype of a circular soft robot can crawl and jump. Finally, we describe crawling and jumping performed by a spherical deformable robot.
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