is the proceedings of the fifth international Conference on the Fundamentals of Adsorption, which was held on May 13-18, 1995 at the Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, California. This conference was organi...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461313755
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792397137;9781461285946
is the proceedings of the fifth international Conference on the Fundamentals of Adsorption, which was held on May 13-18, 1995 at the Asilomar Conference Center, Pacific Grove, California. This conference was organized completely under the auspices of the international Adsorption Society. It was attended by 196 participants from 24 countries. Members of the Scientific Advisory Board, together with the Conference Committee, selected papers for presentation from a large number of proposals involving an especially high level of international participation.;The fundamental aspects of adsorption is a subject which has grown rapidly in recent years, drawing researchers from many disciplines including materials science, chemistry, physics, biochemistry and biotechnology, and chemical, civil, mechanical and environmental engineering.;serves as an excellent reference and may be used as a primary text for a graduate level course on adsorption research or as a secondary text for a course on any of the disciplines mentioned above.
The development of modern knowledge-based systems, for applications ranging from medicine to finance, necessitates going well beyond traditional rule-based programming.;attempts to satisfy such a need, introducing ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461545095
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792378150;9781461370338
The development of modern knowledge-based systems, for applications ranging from medicine to finance, necessitates going well beyond traditional rule-based programming.;attempts to satisfy such a need, introducing exciting and recent advances at the frontiers of the field of expert systems.;Beginning with the central topics of logic, uncertainty and rule-based reasoning, each chapter in the book presents a different perspective on how we may solve problems that arise due to limitations in the knowledge of an expert system's reasoner.;Successive chapters address (i) the fundamentals of knowledge-based systems, (ii) formal inference, and reasoning about models of a changing and partially known world, (iii) uncertainty and probabilistic methods, (iv) the expression of knowledge in rule-based systems, (v) evolving representations of knowledge as a system interacts with the environment, (vi) applying connectionist learning algorithms to improve on knowledge acquired from experts, (vii) reasoning with cases organized in indexed hierarchies, (viii) the process of acquiring and inductively learning knowledge, (ix) extraction of knowledge nuggets from very large data sets, and (x) interactions between multiple specialized reasoners with specialized knowledge bases.;Each chapter takes the reader on a journey from elementary concepts to topics of active research, providing a concise description of several topics within and related to the field of expert systems, with pointers to practical applications and other relevant literature.;is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate-level course, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.
丛书名:
The Springer internationalseries in engineering and computerscience
1000年
is a collection of forty selected papers presented to the Eighth international Conference on computer Systems, October 2001 in Mielno, Poland. These papers provide a comprehensive summary of practice and research prog...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781441985309
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792376514;9781461346357
is a collection of forty selected papers presented to the Eighth international Conference on computer Systems, October 2001 in Mielno, Poland. These papers provide a comprehensive summary of practice and research progress in information technologies:
As the computer gradually automates human-oriented tasks in multiple environ ments, the interface between computers and the ever-wider population of human users assumes progressively increasing importance. In th...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461536222
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792391838;9781461366102
As the computer gradually automates human-oriented tasks in multiple environ ments, the interface between computers and the ever-wider population of human users assumes progressively increasing importance. In the office environment, for instance, clerical tasks such as document filing and retrieval, and higher-level tasks such as scheduling meetings, planning trip itineraries, and producing documents for publication, are being partially or totally automated. The range of users for office oriented software includes clerks, secretaries, and businesspersons, none of whom are predominantly computer literate. The same phenomenon is echoed in the factory production line, in the securities trading floor, in government agencies, in educa tional institutions, and even in the home. The arcane command languages of yes teryear have proven too high a barrier for smooth acceptance of computerized func tions into the workplace, no matter how useful these functions may be. computer naive users simply do not take the time to learn intimidating and complex computer interfaces. In order to place the functionality of modem computers at the disposition of diverse user populations, a number of different approaches have been tried, many meeting with a significant measure of success, to wit: special courses to train users in the simpler command languages (such as MS-DOS), designing point-and-click menu/graphics interfaces that require much less user familiarization (illustrated most clearly in the Apple Macintosh), and interacting with the user in his or her language of choice.
Change of Representation and Inductive Bias One of the most important emerging concerns of machine learning researchers is the dependence of their learning programs on the underlying representations, especially on the...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461315230
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792390558;9781461288176
Change of Representation and Inductive Bias One of the most important emerging concerns of machine learning researchers is the dependence of their learning programs on the underlying representations, especially on the languages used to describe hypotheses. The effectiveness of learning algorithms is very sensitive to this choice of language; choosing too large a language permits too many possible hypotheses for a program to consider, precluding effective learning, but choosing too small a language can prohibit a program from being able to find acceptable hypotheses. This dependence is not just a pitfall, however; it is also an opportunity. The work of Saul Amarel over the past two decades has demonstrated the effectiveness of representational shift as a problem-solving technique. An increasing number of machine learning researchers are building programs that learn to alter their language to improve their effectiveness. At the Fourth Machine Learning Workshop held in June, 1987, at the University of California at Irvine, it became clear that the both the machine learning community and the number of topics it addresses had grown so large that the representation issue could not be discussed in sufficient depth. A number of attendees were particularly interested in the related topics of constructive induction, problem reformulation, representation selection, and multiple levels of abstraction. Rob Holte, Larry Rendell, and I decided to hold a workshop in 1988 to discuss these topics. To keep this workshop small, we decided that participation be by invitation only.
introduces the new and powerful performance and reliability modeling language MOSEL (MOdeling, Specification and Evaluation Language), developed at the University of Erlangen, Germany.;MOSEL facilitates the perform...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461513872
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792379515;9781461355281
introduces the new and powerful performance and reliability modeling language MOSEL (MOdeling, Specification and Evaluation Language), developed at the University of Erlangen, Germany.;MOSEL facilitates the performance and reliability modeling of a computer, communication, manufacturing or workflow management system in a very intuitive and simple way. The core of MOSEL consists of constructs to specify the possible states and state transitions of the system under consideration. This specification is very compact and easy to understand. With additional constructs, the interesting performance or reliability measures and graphical representations can be specified. With some experience, it is possible to write down the MOSEL description of a system immediately only by knowing the behavior of the system under study. There are no restrictions, unlike models using, for example, queueing networks, Petri nets or fault trees.;MOSEL fulfills all the requirements for a universal modeling language. It is high level, system-oriented, and usable. It is open and can be integrated with many tools. By providing compilers, which translate descriptions specified in MOSEL into the tool-specific languages, all previously implemented tools with their different methods and algorithms (including simulation) can be used.;provides an easy to understand but nevertheless complete introduction to system modeling using MOSEL and illustrates how easily MOSEL can be used for modeling real-life examples from the fields of computer, communication, and manufacturing systems.;will be of interest to professionals and students in the fields of performance and reliability modeling in computerscience, communication, and manufacturing. It is also well suited as a textbook for university courses covering performance and reliability modeling with practical applications.
Geographic information systems have developed rapidly in the past decade, and are now a major class of software, with applications that include infrastructure maintenance, resource management, agriculture, Earth sc...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461551898
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792384366;9781461373636
Geographic information systems have developed rapidly in the past decade, and are now a major class of software, with applications that include infrastructure maintenance, resource management, agriculture, Earth science, and planning. But a lack of standards has led to a general inability for one GIS to interoperate with another. It is difficult for one GIS to share data with another, or for people trained on one system to adapt easily to the commands and user interface of another. Failure to interoperate is a problem at many levels, ranging from the purely technical to the semantic and the institutional.;is about efforts to improve the ability of GISs to interoperate, and has been assembled through a collaboration between academic researchers and the software vendor community under the auspices of the US National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis and the Open GIS Consortium Inc. It includes chapters on the basic principles and the various conceptual frameworks that the research community has developed to think about the problem. Other chapters review a wide range of applications and the experiences of the authors in trying to achieve interoperability at a practical level. Interoperability opens enormous potential for new ways of using GIS and new mechanisms for exchanging data, and these are covered in chapters on information marketplaces, with special reference to geographic information. Institutional arrangements are also likely to be profoundly affected by the trend towards interoperable systems, and nowhere is the impact of interoperability more likely to cause fundamental change than in education, as educators address the needs of a new generation of GIS users with access to a new generation of tools. The book concludes with a series of chapters on education and institutional change.;is suitable asa secondary text for graduate level courses in computerscience, geography, spatial databases, and interoperability and as
Over the past decade there has been a dramatic change in the role played by design automation for electronic systems. Ten years ago, integrated circuit (IC) designers were content to use the computer for circuit, logi...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461536321
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792391999;9781461366157
Over the past decade there has been a dramatic change in the role played by design automation for electronic systems. Ten years ago, integrated circuit (IC) designers were content to use the computer for circuit, logic, and limited amounts of high-level simulation, as well as for capturing the digitized mask layouts used for IC manufacture. The tools were only aids to design-the designer could always find a way to implement the chip or board manually if the tools failed or if they did not give acceptable results. Today, however, design technology plays an indispensable role in the design ofelectronic systems and is critical to achieving time-to-market, cost, and performance targets. In less than ten years, designers have come to rely on automatic or semi automatic CAD systems for the physical design ofcomplex ICs containing over a million transistors. In the past three years, practical logic synthesis systems that take into account both cost and performance have become a commercial reality and many designers have already relinquished control ofthe logic netlist level of design to automatic computer aids. To date, only in certain well-defined areas, especially digital signal process ing and telecommunications. have higher-level design methods and tools found significant success. However, the forces of time-to-market and growing system complexity will demand the broad-based adoption of high-level, automated methods and tools over the next few years.
deals with color vision and visual computing. This book provides an overview of the human visual system with an emphasis on color vision and perception. The book then goes on to discuss how human color vision and p...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780585284286
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792399285;9781475770605
deals with color vision and visual computing. This book provides an overview of the human visual system with an emphasis on color vision and perception. The book then goes on to discuss how human color vision and perception are applied in several applications using computer-generated displays, such as computer graphics and information and data visualization.;is suitable as a secondary text for a graduate-level course on computer graphics, computer imaging, or multimedia computing and as a reference for researchers and practitioners developing computer graphics and multimedia applications.
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