This book is about Granular Computing (GC) - an emerging conceptual and of information processing. As the name suggests, GC concerns computing paradigm processing of complex information entities - information granules...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461510338
ISBN:
(纸本)9781402072734;9781461353614
This book is about Granular Computing (GC) - an emerging conceptual and of information processing. As the name suggests, GC concerns computing paradigm processing of complex information entities - information granules. In essence, information granules arise in the process of abstraction of data and derivation of knowledge from information. Information granules are everywhere. We commonly use granules of time (seconds, months, years). We granulate images; millions of pixels manipulated individually by computers appear to us as granules representing physical objects. In natural language, we operate on the basis of word-granules that become crucial entities used to realize interaction and communication between humans. Intuitively, we sense that information granules are at the heart of all our perceptual activities. In the past, several formal frameworks and tools, geared for processing specific information granules, have been proposed. Interval analysis, rough sets, fuzzy sets have all played important role in knowledge representation and processing. Subsequently, information granulation and information granules arose in numerous application domains. Well-known ideas of rule-based systems dwell inherently on information granules. Qualitative modeling, being one of the leading threads of AI, operates on a level of information granules. Multi-tier architectures and hierarchical systems (such as those encountered in control engineering), planning and scheduling systems all exploit information granularity. We also utilize information granules when it comes to functionality granulation, reusability of information and efficient ways of developing underlying information infrastructures.
Multithreaded computer architecture has emerged as one of the most promising and exciting avenues for the exploitation of parallelism. This new field represents the confluence of several independent research direct...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461526988
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792394778;9781461361619
Multithreaded computer architecture has emerged as one of the most promising and exciting avenues for the exploitation of parallelism. This new field represents the confluence of several independent research directions which have united over a common set of issues and techniques. Multithreading draws on recent advances in dataflow, RISC, compiling for fine-grained parallel execution, and dynamic resource management. It offers the hope of dramatic performance increases through parallel execution for a broad spectrum of significant applications based on extensions to `traditional' approaches.;is divided into four parts, reflecting four major perspectives on the topic. Part I provides the reader with basic background information, definitions, and surveys of work which have in one way or another been pivotal in defining and shaping multithreading as an architectural discipline. Part II examines key elements of multithreading, highlighting the fundamental nature of latency and synchronization. This section presents clever techniques for hiding latency and supporting large synchronization name spaces. Part III looks at three major multithreaded systems, considering issues of machine organization and compilation strategy. Part IV concludes the volume with an analysis of multithreaded architectures, showcasing methodologies and actual measurements.;is an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.
This book grew out of our research, industry consulting and con tinuing education courses. Turbo coding initially seemed to belong to a restricted research area, while now has become a part of the mainstream tel...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461544692
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792378686;9781461370130
This book grew out of our research, industry consulting and con tinuing education courses. Turbo coding initially seemed to belong to a restricted research area, while now has become a part of the mainstream telecommu nication theory and practice. The turbo decoding principles have found widespread applications not only in error control, but in de tection, interference suppression and equalization. Intended for use by advanced students and professional engi neers, involved in coding and telecommunication research, the book includes both basic and advanced material. The chapters are se quenced so that the knowledge is acquired in a logical and progres sive way. The algorithm descriptions and analysis are supported by examples throughout the book. Performance evaluations of the presented algorithms are carried out both analytically and by sim ulations. Basic material included in the book has been taught to students and practicing professionals over the last four years in the form of senior undergraduate or graduate courses, lecture series and short continuing education courses.
highlights the importance of human factors in speech technologies and presents and demonstrates the use of human factors, principles, methods, techniques, and tools in the design of speech-enabled applications. In...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781475729801
highlights the importance of human factors in speech technologies and presents and demonstrates the use of human factors, principles, methods, techniques, and tools in the design of speech-enabled applications. Included is coverage of automatic speech recognition, synthetic speech, and interactive voice response systems. Some chapters are devoted to specific applications of speech technology, and other chapters are either issue-oriented or provide a comprehensive view of human factors knowledge and `lessons learned' in a specific applications area.;This book places special emphasis on interactive voice response (IVR), devoting seven of its fourteen chapters to both speech-enabled and `traditional' touch-tone-based IVR applications. Other chapters emphasize speech recognition application development, natural language processing, synthetic speech, and the use of speech technology in assistive devices for people with disabilities to further the goal of universal access to information technology for all.
"Well informed people know it is impossible to transmit the voice over wires, and that were it possible to do so, the thing would be ofno practical value. " from an editorial in the Boston Post -1865 Fortuna...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461527589
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792394303;9781461361909
"Well informed people know it is impossible to transmit the voice over wires, and that were it possible to do so, the thing would be ofno practical value. " from an editorial in the Boston Post -1865 Fortunately for the telecommunications industry, the unknown author of the above statement turned out to be very mistaken indeed. Even as he spoke, Alexander Graham Bell was achieving the impossible, with a host of competing inventors close behind. The communications revolution which ensued has changed the way in which we live and work, and the way in which we view the world around us. Wired telephone lines now encircle the globe, allowing instantaneous transmission of voice and data. Events from Times Square to Red Square are now as accessible as events on the local courthouse lawn. The advent of wireless communications has extended Bell's revolution to another domain. Personal communications promises voice, data and images which are accessible everywhere. Although predictions are dangerous, a look back over the last decade reveals spectacular growth. In the United States alone, there are now over 50 million cordless phones in use throughout the country -at least one cordless phone for every 3 households - and nearly 20 million pocket pagers. U. S. Cellular telephone service, launched commercially in 1984, has experienced 30-40% annual growth rates despite a sluggish economy.
is written for use by engineers who are developing specialized systems (application specific systems).;Traditionally, most high performance signal processors have been realized with application specific processors....
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461314578
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792397922;9781461286356
is written for use by engineers who are developing specialized systems (application specific systems).;Traditionally, most high performance signal processors have been realized with application specific processors. The explanation is that application specific processors can be tailored to exactly match the (usually very demanding) application requirements. The result is that no `processing power' is wasted for unnecessary capabilities and maximum performance is achieved. A disadvantage is that such processors have been expensive to design since each is a unique design that is customized to the specific application.;In the last decade, computer-aided design systems have been developed to facilitate the development of application specific integrated circuits. The success of such ASIC CAD systems suggests that it should be possible to streamline the process of application specific processor design.;consists of eight chapters which provide a mixture of techniques and examples that relate to application specific processing. The inclusion of techniques is expected to suggest additional research and to assist those who are faced with the requirement to implement efficient application specific processors. The examples illustrate the application of the concepts and demonstrate the efficiency that can be achieved via application specific processors. The chapters were written by members and former members of the application specific processing group at the University of Texas at Austin. The first five chapters relate to specific arithmetic which often is the key to achieving high performance in application specific processors. The next two chapters focus on signal processing systems, and the final chapter examines the interconnection of possibly disparate elements to create systems.
This book brings together important contributions and state-of-the-art research results in the rapidly advancing area of symbolic analysis of analog circuits. It is also of interest to those working in analog CAD. ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461532408
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792393245;9781461364245
This book brings together important contributions and state-of-the-art research results in the rapidly advancing area of symbolic analysis of analog circuits. It is also of interest to those working in analog CAD. The book is an excellent reference, providing insights into some of the most important issues in the symbolic analysis of analog circuits.
Dictation systems, read-aloud software for the blind, speech control of machinery, geographical information systems with speech input and output, and educational software with `talking head' artificial tutorial ag...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781461545019
ISBN:
(纸本)9780792379041;9781461370291
Dictation systems, read-aloud software for the blind, speech control of machinery, geographical information systems with speech input and output, and educational software with `talking head' artificial tutorial agents are already on the market. The field is expanding rapidly, and new methods and applications emerge almost daily. But good sources of systematic information have not kept pace with the body of information needed for development and evaluation of these systems. Much of this information is widely scattered through speech and acoustic engineering, linguistics, phonetics, and experimental psychology.;The;presents current and developing best practice in resource creation for speech input/output software and hardware. This volume brings experts in these fields together to give detailed `how to' information and recommendations on planning spoken dialogue systems, designing and evaluating audiovisual and multimodal systems, and evaluating consumer off-the-shelf products.;In addition to standard terminology in the field, the following topics are covered in depth:
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